Wild Animal Zoonoses:
Birds, Rodents, Pigs, Non-Human Primates, Rabbits, Deer, Canine
Pathogen
Primary Host(s)
Eastern
encephalitis
Western
encephalitis

Venezuelan
encephalitis
St. Louis
encephalitis
Japanese B
encephalitis

Murray Valley
encephalitis
Tick-born
encephalitis

Yellow fever virus

Dengue viruses

California
encephalitis

Arenaviruses

Rabies virus

Colorado tick fever
virus






Chlamydia psittaci

Rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia rickettsii

Animal Disease
Human Disease
Small birds, ducks, horses
(mosquitoes)
Birds, squirrels, snakes,
horses
(mosquitoes)
Rodents, horses
(mosquitoes)
Birds
(mosquitoes)
Birds, pigs, horses, cattle
(mosquitoes)




No apparent disease
encephalitis
No apparent disease
Horses die

Encephalomyelitis

Encephalomyelitis


No apparent disease
Horses die

Encephalitis

No apparent disease

Encephalomyelitis



Encephalitis
Birds
(mosquitoes)
Rodents, birds. Goats,
cattle
(ticks)
Nonhuman primates
(mosquitoes)
Nonhuman primates
(mosquitoes)
Rabbits, hares, squirrels,
deer, horses, cows
(mosquitoes)
Rodents, nonhuman
primates

No apparent disease
Domestic animals may
die
No apparent disease

Encephalomyelitis

No known apparent
disease

Encephalitis



No apparent disease
Death
No apparent disease

Yellow fever

Dengue fever

No apparent disease

Encephalitis


No apparent disease
Death


Weasel-skunk, civetferret, families with bats,
foxes, skunks most
important
Also dogs, cats, cattle
Squirrels, chipmunks,
mice, porcupines
(ticks)
Psittacine birds, pigeons,
poultry
Rats
(fleas)
Rabbits, squirrels, rats,
mice, groundhogs, dogs
(ticks)


No apparent disease
Death with paralysis



No clinical disease
Malaise, fever, shock,
meningitis, encephalitis
Excitation
Paralysis
Death

No apparent disease

Fever, malaise,
leukopenia, rash



No apparent disease
Death
No apparent disease

Fever, cough, pneumonia

Murine typhus


No apparent disease
Dogs may die

Rocky Mountain spotted
fever
Rickettsia akari

Coxiella burnetii
Brucella spp


Francisella
tularensis

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia
enterocolitica
Campylobacter
jejuni
Pseudomonas
pseudomallei

Streptobacillus
moniliformis
Listeria
monocytogenes
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Spirillum minor
Cryptosporidium
spp



Blastocystis
hominis
Leishmania spp

Trypanosoma
cruzi

Trypanosoma
brucei var.
gambiense and var.
rhodesiense







Mice
(mites)
Wild ungulates
Wild ungulates, dogs
Rabbits, squirrels, rats,
skunks, bears, muskrats,
coyotes, cats, dogs,
swine, sheep, cattle
(ticks, deerflies,
mosquitoes)
Rats, mice, prairie dogs,
squirrels, marmots,
rabbits, gerbils,
chipmunks
(fleas)
Rodents, rabbits, pigs,
sheep, cattle, horses
Birds, cattle, sheep, pigs,
goats
Rats, mice, rabbits,
ruminants, dogs, cats,
nonhuman primates
Rats, squirrels,
weasels, turkeys
Wild mammals, birds
Deer, mice, raccoons
(ticks)
Rats, mice, cats
Rodents, snakes, birds
Pigs, guinea pigs, fowl,
nonhuman primates
Rodents, canines,
rodents, other carnivores
(sandflies)
Armadillos, bats, rodents,
opossums, nonhuman
primates, dogs, cats
(triatomes)
Wild ungulates
(tsetse flies)

No apparent disease

Rickettsialpox





No apparent disease
No apparent disease
Abortion
No apparent disease
Lymphadenitis,
septicemia


Q fever
Brucellosis

Tularemia


No apparent disease
Death


Bubonic, pneumonic,
septicemic plague

No apparent disease




No apparent disease
Death
No apparent disease
Death



Enterocolitis, reactive
polyarthritis
Gastroenteritis

Pulmonary abscesses,
septicemia

No apparent disease

Fever, rash



No apparent disease
Death
No known apparent
disease
No apparent disease
No apparent disease
Enteritis, respiratory
disease
No apparent disease
Diarrhea
No apparent disease
Skin ulcers


Meningitis, abortion,
septicemia
Lyme disease


Fever, rash
Enteritis, dysentery

Diarrhea

No known apparent
disease
Neurologic
dysfunctions
No apparent disease
Death in coma

Chronic skin ulcerations,
mucocutaneous lesions,
kalaazar syndrome
Skin rash, myocarditis,
conjunctivitis, myositis
(Chagas disease)












Meningoencephalitis
Pneumocystis
carinii


No known apparent
disease

Pneumonitis

No known apparent
disease
Tapeworm infection


Rodents, foxes,
nonhuman primates,
sheep, goats, dogs, cats
Fresh-water fish, bears,
dogs, cats
Mice, rats
Diphyllobothrium
latum
Hymenolepis nana
and diminuta
Trichinella spiralis

Tapeworm infection,
megaloblastic anemia
Tapeworm infection

Wild carnivores, wild pigs

Fasciola hepatica






No apparent disease
Muscle invasion death
Acute hepatitis,
cholecystitis, cirrhosis
Schistosoma spp

Snails, fish, cattle, sheep,
goats, camel, deer,
rabbits
Snails, rodents, baboons
No known apparent
disease
No apparent disease
Death
Colitis, hepatitis, cystitis

No apparent disease
Death
No known apparent
disease

Dracunculus
medinensis




Skin ulcers
Brugia spp


No known apparent
disease

Lymphadenopathy,
lymphedema
Wild carnivores,
nonhuman primates
(water fleas)
Nonhuman primates,
wild carnivores, rodents
(mosquitoes)

