Project
Location
District
Building No
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 2000 LIVING UNITS
AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
AL-KHOMS
AL-MARQAB
A. Type of test
Soil Compaction
Standard:
ASTM D-1557
Name of test
Standard test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified
Effort (2700 kN- m/m3))
Apparatus:
Molds
Sieve
Rammer
pan
weighing scale
steel ruler
drying oven
Procedure:
In this Method we can determine the maximum dry density and the moisture content
used in field density test.
Procedure
Approximate mass uses of procedure
A
25kg
20% less wt retained on sieve #4
B
25kg
20% less wt. retained on sieve #3/8
C
45kg
More than 20% wt retained on 3/8 and
Less than 30% wt retained on ¾.
Procedure
A
B
C
Mat’l passing
no.4
3/8
¾
No of Mold
4
4
6
Rammer
4.54kg
4.54kg
4.54kg
Layer
5
5
5
Blows
25
25
56
1. Prepare the equipment and tools to be used , record the mass and volume
of the compaction mold with base plate but without collar.
2. Attached the collar to the mold.
3. Pour moist soil in to the mold in 5 equal layer, no of blows depends which
procedure is required for the materials sample. Removed the collar of the
mold then clean and weight the samples and molds. Record data you get.
4. Extrude the soil sample from the mold, slice the sample and take at least 500
grams of soil for moisture content determination.
5. Repeat the procedure until the weight of the materials reach the maximum
dry density.
6. Gather the data we’ve got, graph data so that we can calculate the
maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content
B. Type of test
Site compaction
Standard:
ASTM D-1556
Name of test
Standard test Methods for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone
Method
Apparatus:
Sand cone sand cone plate
pan
weighing scale
Chisel
hammer
plastic
oven
1. Determine first the density of a dry sand (calibrated sand)
2. Select a location that is representative of the area to be tested and determine
the density of soil.
3. Put the sand cone plate, dig the test hole through the center hole in the base
plate, being careful to avoid disturbing the soil that will bound the hole.
4. Invert the sand cone apparatus and seat the sand cone funnel into the flanged
hole. Open the valve and allow the sand to fill the hole. When the sand stops
flowing, closed the valve.
5. Determine the mass of the apparatus with the remaining sand, record, and the
calculate the mass of sand in used.
6. Determine and record the mass of the moist material that was removed from the
test hole.
7. From the materials taken from hole get sample for the moisture content.
8. Calculate the wet unit weight by dividing materials taken from hole from the
volume of hole.
9. Calculate the dry unit weight by dividing the wet unit weight over moisture
content.
10. Then we can get the percent compaction by dividing the actual dry density over
maximum dry density from test method ASTM D-1557
In this method we used , to determined if the materials place on site achieve the
percent compaction required.
C. Type of test
Soil Bearing Capacity
Standard
ASTM D1194
Name of test
Standard Test Methods for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static and Spread Footings
Scope
This test method covers the estimation of the bearing capacity of soil in place by
mean of field loading tests. This test method can be used as part of a procedure for
soil investigation for foundation design. It gives information on the soil only to a depth
equal to about two diameter of the bearing plate.
Apparatus:
1. Loading Platforms or Bins of sufficient size and strength to supply the estimated
total load required or equivalent means of supplying the total load reaction
anticipated.
2. Hydraulic Mechanical Jack Assembly of sufficient capacity to provide and
maintain maximum estimated load but not less than 50 tons (440 kn.) in any case
with pressure gauge for measuring the force exerted by the jack.
3. Bearing Plates – Three circular steel bearing plates, not less than 1 in. (25mm) in
thickness and varying in diameter from 12 to 30 in.(305 to 762mm).
4. Settlement Recording Device, such as dial gauges, capable of measuring
settlement of test plates to an accuracy of at least 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
Procedure
1. Selection of Test Areas
– Base the selection of representative test areas for bearing tests on the
result of explanatory borings and on the design requirement of the
structure.
2. Test Pit
– At least three test locations are required, and the distance between test
locations shall not be less than five times the diameter of the largest plate
used in the tests.
– Carefully level and clean the areas to be loaded by the test plates or footing
so that the load are transmitted over the entire contact areas on undisturbed
soil.
3. Loading Platforms
– Support the loading platforms or bins by cribbing or other suitable means, at a
point as far removed from the test area as practicable, and preferably not
less than 8 ft (2.4 m)..
5. Dead Load
– Weigh and record as dead weight all equipment used, such as steel plates,
loading column and jack, etc., that are to be placed on the test area prior to
the application of the load increments.
4. Reference Beam
– Independently support the beam supporting dial gauges or other settlementrecording devices as far as practicable, but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the
center of the loaded area.
5. Load Increments
– Apply the load to the soil in cumulative equal increment of not more than 95
KPa, or of not more than one tenth of the estimated bearing capacity of the
area tested.
– Accurately measure each load, and apply in such a manner that all of the
loads reaches the soil as a static load, without impact, fluctuation, or
eccentricity.
6. Time Interval
– After the application of each load increment, maintain the cumulative load
for a selected time interval not less than 15 mins.
7. Measurement of Settlement
– Keep a continuous record of all settlements.
– Make settlement measurement as soon as possible before and after the
application of each load increment, and at such time intervals, while the
load is being held constant, as will provide not less than six settlement
measurements between load application.
8. Termination of Test
– Continue each test until a peak load is reach or until the ratio of load
increment to settlement increment reaches a minimum, steady magnitude.
– After the completion of observation for the last load increment, release the
applied load in three approximately equal decrements.
– Continue recording rebound deflection until the deformation ceases or for a
period not smaller than the time interval of loading.
9. Report
In addition to continuous listing of all times, load and settlement data for each
test, report the associated conditions and observations pertaining to the test,
including the following:
 Date
 List of personnel
 Weather condition
 Air temperature at time of load increments
 Irregularity in routine procedure