Supplementary material Table S. Well information for 197 groundwater wells which show co-seismic response to the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake well name depth(m) MZ 400.2 DY 3072 Response lithology epicenter distance (km) Response amplitude (m) 1 hour sandstone 71 step drop -0.36 1 min sandstone 103 step drop -0.063 sampling rate Aquifer QL 175 1 min sandstone 112 step rise 1.294 JY 4000.2 1 hour sandstone 161 step drop -9.188 1 hour granite 204 gradual rise 0.269 SM NX 101 1 min sandstone 267 gradual drop -0.782 RCHJ 251 1 min sandstone 275 step drop -0.896 DZ 108.7 1 min sandstone 286 gradual drop -0.223 1 min limestone 288 step rise 3.365 step drop -0.945 LN BB 105.4 1 min sandstone 331 XC 760 1 min granite 354 step rise 0.113 C03 756 1 min granite 363 step rise-oscillation 0.5 BN 201.6 1 min sandstone 367 step rise 1.2 ZT 350 1 min sandstone 417 gradual rise 0.8 QS 443 1 min granite 425 step rise 0.9 LGH 200 1 min sandstone 437 step rise 0.02 1 min granite 505 gradual drop -0.16 LXT 1 min granite 517 gradual drop -0.15 PZH LX 200 1 min quartz diorite 519 step rise 0.05 C18 523.3 1 hour limestone 536 step rise 0.886 1min sandstone 540 oscillation 0.12 LIJ WJWM 271.5 1 min sandstone 580 step rise 0.05 GY 274.5 1 min sandstone 588 step drop -0.46 ZZ 3201 1 min sandstone 591 step rise 0.634 PL 31 1 min sandstone 595 step drop -0.716 HY 169.5 1 min sandstone 640 step drop -0.048 MX 1022.4 1 min sandstone 641 oscillation 0.2 ZUS 107 1 min sandstone 646 step drop 0.012 JIY 493 1 min limestone 649 gradual rise 0.818 YA 85.9 1 min limestone 651 oscillation 0.03 ZQ 75 1 min sandstone 654 oscillation 0.08 KM 2156 1 min sandstone 655 step rise-oscillation 0.35 HY 416.5 1 min sandstone 656 step rise 0.5 1 min sandstone 660 gradual drop -0.014 1 min limestone 665 step rise 0.082 YIG LN 150 LY 1 min sandstone 679 gradual rise 0.068 XG 1 min sandstone 682 step drop-oscillation -0.02 HL 1 min sandstone 703 step rise 0.7 FX 66 1 min sandstone 707 step drop-oscillation -0.025 ZJJ 100.4 1 min limestone 714 step drop -0.12 ZJ 102.4 1 min limestone 716 oscillation 0.14 LX 110 1 min limestone 723 oscillation 0.015 TY 81.7 1 min limestone 728 step drop-oscillation -0.006 WN 130 1 min limestone 731 step rise 0.267 ML 614 1 min limestone 732 step rise 0.84 ZW 195.7 1 min sandstone 740 oscillation 0.16 BS 148 1 min sandstone 774 step rise 0.043 GD 205 1 min sandstone 780 step rise 0.045 JS 300.4 1 min limestone 819 oscillation 0.12 LW 81 1 min sandstone 821 step rise-oscillation 0.055 SL 120 1 min sandstone 833 step drop-oscillation -0.18 NEX 613 1 hour sandstone 837 step drop -0.085 KY 224 1 min limestone 843 gradual drop -0.18 DZ 2645 1 min limestone 846 step rise 0.31 1 min sandstone 859 step drop -0.018 YIC XX 170.5 1 min sandstone 867 step rise-oscillation 0.12 DH 200.2 1 min limestone 869 oscillation 0.36 NY 1600 1 min sandstone 891 step rise 0.06 DLH 88 1 min sandstone 892 oscillation 0.004 NAY 1392 1 min sandstone 903 step drop -0.031 PL 115 1 min sandstone 925 step rise 0.12 LF 600.4 1 min sandstone 944 step rise 0.04 PIL 103 1 min sandstone 946 step rise 6.00E-02 SM 112.3 1 min sandstone 946 step rise 0.365 CS 273.6 1 min sandstone 948 step rise-oscillation 0.25 JZ 325 1 min limestone 1027 gradual rise 0.045 SB 324.9 1 hour sandstone 1030 step rise 0.18 JT 324.9 1 hour sandstone 1031 gradual drop -0.036 XY 502.9 1 min sandstone 1034 step rise 0.845 JX 315 1 min sandstone 1045 gradual rise 1.087 MS 240 1 min sandstone 1055 step rise 0.171 QXI 240 1 min limestone 1060 oscillation 0.8 GP 186.9 1 min sandstone 1073 step rise 0.57 QX 442.2 1 min sandstone 1082 step rise 0.984 GGDJ 552 1 min sandstone 1089 step drop -0.013 QIX 2690 1 hour sandstone 1119 step rise 0.005 1 min sandstone 1120 oscillation 0.08 BY LK 3138 1 min limestone 1149 oscillation 0.03 JL 362.9 1 min limestone 1154 step drop-oscillation -0.13 F04 800 1 hour limestone 1157 step drop -0.047 LS 111.2 1 min sandstone 1188 oscillation 0.07 PUY 491 1 min sandstone 1200 step rise 0.03 DS 512 1 min limestone 1208 step rise-oscillation 0.115 1 min sandstone 1213 step rise 0.32 1 min limestone 1220 oscillation 0.1 1 min granite 1220 gradual drop -0.181 0.067 HUS HZ 2000 XY JJ 71.7 1 min sandstone 1223 step rise-oscillation SZ 708.4 1 min limestone 1247 oscillation 0.25 FX 2267 1 min limestone 1252 step drop -0.132 GZ 100.6 1 min sandstone 1274 step drop -0.02 SS 96 1 hour sandstone 1283 step drop -0.012 HB 504.29 1 min limestone 1300 step drop -0.09 AQ 650.6 1 min sandstone 1305 step rise 0.345 LJ 327.5 1 min tuff 1306 oscillation 0.66 1 min granite 1315 step drop -0.0105 GZD LC 365 1 min limestone 1320 step rise-oscillation 0.13 HES 1700 1 min limestone 1340 oscillation 0.06 SZ 3364 1 hour limestone 1344 step drop -0.829 1 hour sandstone 1356 step drop -0.0039 1 min granite 1358 step rise-oscillation 0.061 1 hour sandstone 1370 step drop -0.0055 DG HC 103.4 ZHS ZC 160.3 1 min volcanic rock 1373 step rise 0.333 CH 331 1 min sandstone 1379 gradual drop -0.502 1 hour granite 1392 step drop -0.102 WH YC 2657 1 min limestone 1393 oscillation 0.09 SN 283.6 1 min sandstone 1401 oscillation 1.1 HS 190 1 min sandstone 1404 step drop -0.63 1 min sandstone 1418 step rise 0.01 339 1 min sandstone 1425 step rise 0.11 1 min granite 1431 step drop -0.307 ZK 381 1 hour basalt 1432 step drop -0.23 WX 230.9 1 min sandstone 1449 step rise 0.66 1 min sandstone 1460 step drop -0.068 JN LH WH MZ SH 2836 1 min limestone 1462 oscillation 0.14 JJ 525.9 1 min sandstone 1489 gradual drop -0.11 JH 2354.7 1 min sandstone 1492 oscillation 0.05 LHZ 1274 1 min sandstone 1496 step drop-oscillation -0.12 S18 300 1 min limestone 1500 step rise 0.18 JR 889.2 1 min sandstone 1503 step drop -0.244 DHC 102 1 min sandstone 1506 gradual rise 0.03 FS 160 1 min limestone 1512 step rise 0.195 JH 504.9 1 min sandstone 1517 oscillation 0.02 HY 1250 1 min limestone 1517 step rise 0.453 DT 366.8 1 min limestone 1522 step rise 0.2 LY 243.8 1 min sandstone 1532 oscillation 0.8 LOY 3320 1 min sandstone 1538 oscillation 0.03 TY 361 1 min andesite 1539 step drop-oscillation 0.15 GR 2260 1 min sandstone 1540 oscillation 0.05 ZDK 323 1 min limestone 1544 oscillation 0.1 1 min sandstone 1547 oscillation 0.01 SY ZJZ 2604 1 min sandstone 1548 step drop -1.952 CP 221.8 1 min dolomite 1552 step rise 0.011 1 min sandstone 1552 gradual rise 0.014 1 min sandstone 1555 step drop -0.0215 1 min granite 1555 -0.5 1 min sandstone 1557 0.08 1 min limestone 1569 gradual drop gradual riseoscillation step rise DX XIZ 648.1 ZZNJ GC 3402 SY 0.1 XH 2680 1 min sandstone 1569 step drop-oscillation -0.03 CC 60 1 min limestone 1570 oscillation 0.09 YJB 300 1 min tuff 1590 step drop -0.21 1 min granite 1593 step rise 1.8 YC AX 120.2 1 min granite 1593 gradual rise 0.363 BD 415 1 min limestone 1594 oscillation 0.4 YTJ 456 1 min limestone 1595 oscillation 0.4805 PG 1 min sandstone 1598 step rise 0.017 JM 1 min granite 1611 step rise 0.043 1 min granite 1616 step rise 0.024 1 min granite 1622 step drop -0.11 NA 120 SZ XIY 103.5 1 min tuff 1624 step drop -0.026 MH 110.7 1 min tuff 1628 step drop -0.014 TSCS 286 1 min sandstone 1631 step rise-oscillation 1.2125 1 min granite 1637 gradual rise 0.038 HA TX 210 1 min sandstone 1640 oscillation 0.03 QZ 130.7 1 min granite 1642 step drop -0.013 1 min granite 1642 step rise 0.11 1 min granite 1647 step drop -0.006 LY 1 min granite 1654 step rise 0.0092 SS 1 min granite 1662 step drop -0.0355 YX ND 63 LJ 100.3 1 min granite 1666 step rise 0.0081 YQ 100.4 1 hour granite 1671 step drop -0.01 KS 676 1 min limestone 1674 TZ 689.7 1 min sandstone 1676 gradual droposcillation step rise-oscillation LL 408 1 hour limestone 1697 step rise 0.0455 CL 301 1 min granite 1712 step rise 0.1255 1 min sandstone 1714 step drop -0.01 MH -0.139 0.004 PT 255.8 1 min granite 1716 step drop -0.228 SH 550 1 min sandstone 1717 gradual drop -0.02 1 min sandstone 1725 oscillation 0.01 CM NB 83.6 1 min sandstone 1744 step rise 0.106 XX 600 1 min granite 1764 oscillation 0.25 WBT 383.8 1 min marlstone 1835 step rise-oscillation 0.14 LIY 380 1 min marlstone 1885 oscillation 0.16 1 min granite 1903 step rise 0.02 YWM HLD 764 1 min volcanic rock 1933 step rise 0.02 LF 180 1 min volcanic rock 1936 step rise 0.489 SJT 153.7 1 min limestone 1949 oscillation 0.3 X04 200 1 min sandstone 1986 gradual rise 0.08 PJ 1 min sandstone 2018 oscillation 0.02 HTHB 1 min tuff 2048 step drop -0.1 YY 250 1 min granite 2070 oscillation 0.06 AS 488.4 1 min quartzite 2079 oscillation 0.08 DDB 1 min limestone 2140 step rise 0.4 TC 1 min Metamorphic rock 2141 step drop -0.05 BX 1 hour marble 2145 gradual rise 0.11 TL 1 min sandstone 2174 step rise-oscillation 0.01 SP 218 1 min sandstone 2281 step rise 0.01 CLI 229 1 min mudstone 2331 oscillation 0.004 CL 229 1 min sandstone 2333 step rise 0.006 BC 125 1 min sandstone 2346 oscillation 0.05 DDS 250 1 min sandstone 2439 step rise 0.008 QG 800 1 min sandstone 2441 step rise 0.012 SOY 1 min sandstone 2443 oscillation 0.005 WQ 304 1 min sandstone 2471 step drop -0.029 FS 151 1 min andesite 2473 gradual drop -0.085 1 min granite 2693 gradual drop -0.014 YS WDLC 233 1 min granite 2740 step drop -0.012 HH 200 1 min granite 2913 step rise 0.06