22.1 Matching Questions
Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
1) Main (primary) bronchus.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 802; Fig. 22.1
2) Pharynx.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 802; Fig. 22.1
3) Larynx.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 802; Fig. 22.1
4) Carina of trachea.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 802; Fig. 22.1
5) Trachea.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 802; Fig. 22.1
Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
6) Tidal volume.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 822; Fig. 22.16
7) Inspiratory reserve volume.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 822; Fig. 22.16
8) Residual volume.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 822; Fig. 22.16
9) Expiratory reserve volume.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 822; Fig. 22.16
10) Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 822; Fig. 22.16
Match the following:
A) Type II cells
B) Type I cells
C) Alveolar duct
D) Segmental bronchi
E) Respiratory bronchioles
11) No exchange of gases occurs here.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 810
12) Secrete a fluid containing surfactant.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 811
13) Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 811
14) Composed of simple squamous epithelium.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 811
15) Terminates in alveoli.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 811
16) Composed of cuboidal cells.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 811
17) The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary
walls and ________.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 811
Answers: 11) D 12) A 13) E 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) B
T/F
18) Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli
than past nonfunctional alveoli.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 826-27 Fig 22.19
19) The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense
of smell.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 805
20) The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and
to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 805-806
21) The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The
pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies
blood to the lung structures (tissue).
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 815-816
22) Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 817
23) Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 828-829
24) The paired lungs occupy all of the thoracic cavity.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 815
Multiple-Choice Questions
25) The main site of gas exchange is the ________.
A) alveolar sacs
B) alveoli
C) alveolar duct
D) respiratory bronchiole
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 811
26) The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.
A) thickness of vestibular folds
B) length of the vocal folds
C) strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
D) force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 808-809
27) The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The
function of type II is to ________.
A) secrete surfactant
B) trap dust and other debris
C) replace mucus in the alveoli
D) protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 811
28) Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the
lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
A) less than the pressure in the atmosphere
B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
C) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
D) greater than the intra-alveolar pressure
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 819
29) Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are
involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists
those two factors?
A) the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of
surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid
B) the expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the
lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall
C) the negative feedback of expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull
of surface tension due to surfactant
D) combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 819
30) Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
A) surface tension of water
B) surfactant production
C) C-shaped cartilage rings
D) pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 816
Match the following:
A) Digestion
B) Hydrolysis
C) Absorption
D) Peristalsis
31) Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary
tube.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 851
32) Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 852
13) Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 892
34) Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the
gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 852
Answers: 13) D 14) A 15) B 16) C
Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:
35) Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 882; Fig. 23.1
36) Increases surface area for absorption via villi and microvilli.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 875; Fig. 23.1
37) Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 887; Fig. 23.1
38) Only digestive structure with three muscle layers.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 866; Fig. 23.1
39) Receives blood via the hepatic portal system.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 878; Fig. 23.1
40) Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and
proteins.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 875; Fig. 23.1
41) Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 878; Fig. 23.1
42) Produces intrinsic factor.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 866; Fig. 23.1
43) Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 866; Fig. 23.1
T/F
44) The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 852
45) The submucosal nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall
and controls GI motility.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 855
46) The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 851
47) Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 874
48) The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 863
49) When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 863-4; Fig 23.13
50) Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 869
Multiple Choice
51) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called
________.
A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria
C) serosal lining
D) mucosal lining
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 852
52) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary
canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 854-855
53) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?
A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus
B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
D) production of intrinsic factor
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 867-868
54) What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?
A) crown
B) enamel
C) pulp
D) cementum
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 860
55) The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the
________.
A) submucosa
B) serosa
C) adventitia
D) lamina propria
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 855
56) Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and
stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?
A) gastrin
B) secretin
C) cholecystokinin
D) gastric inhibitor peptide
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 883
57) Which of the following is not true of saliva?
A) cleanses the mouth
B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 858
58) Chyme is created in the ________.
A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 864
59) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?
A) chief cells
B) parietal cells
C) serous cells
D) mucous neck cells
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 866
60) Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are
hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the
following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?
A) enteroendocrine cells
B) parietal cells
C) zymogenic cells
D) mucous neck cells
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 866-867
Xtra Credit ( 1 pt ea)
1) The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.
A) the smooth muscles of the lung
B) the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone
C) the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs
D) surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 816
2) Which of the following is not possible?
A) Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance.
B) Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance.
C) Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow.
D) The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the
difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the
alveoli.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 820
3) Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary
ventilation.
A) A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation.
B) A lung that is less elastic will require less muscle action to perform adequate
ventilation.
C) As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required.
D) Surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 820-821
4) The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to
occur?
A) Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.
B) This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset.
C) Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
D) The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 882
5) A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each
feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the
stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's
loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________.
A) acidosis
B) ketosis
C) alkalosis
D) dysphagia
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 874