Appendix B: Summary Table of Sleep Study Results
Authors
Article Type
Akerstedt, Fredlund,
Gillberg, & Jansson (2002)
Empirical
Anderson & Dickinson
(2010)
Anderson & Platten (2011)
Barber, Grawitch, & Munz
(2013)
Barber, Munz, & Bagsby
(2009)
Barber & Munz (2011)
Empirical
Empirical
Empirical
Results
Self-reported sleep disturbance, nonday work, and male gender predicted
accidental death at work.
Total sleep deprivation resulted in
greater rejection of unequal-split offers
in a negotiation game, even though that
resulted in a $0 payout for each
individual. During a trust game, sleep
deprivation resulted in less trust in an
anonymous partner.
One night of sleep loss resulted in
increased impulsivity toward negative
stimuli. Sleepy participants failed to
inhibit responses and were faster to
choose incorrect responses.
Poor sleep hygiene practices predicted
lower self-regulatory capacity, more
depletion, and less work engagement.
Empirical
Showed that early-week sleep
sufficiency and consistency interact to
reduce psychological strain late in the
week. Results held even when they
controlled for circadian rhythm
disruptions and sleep quality.
Empirical
Sleep sufficiency and consistency
interacted to predict self-regulatory
performance and psychological strain
over 5 days, but only for participants
who were both sufficient and
consistent sleepers.
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Appendix B: Summary Table of Sleep Study Results
Authors
Barnes, Schaubroeck, Huth,
& Ghumman (2011)
Belenky, Wesensten,
Thorne, Thomas, Sing,
Redmond, Russo, & Balkin
(2003)
Brown, Buboltz, & Soper
(2002)
Brown, Buboltz, & Soper
(2006)
Carskadon & Dement
(1981)
Article Type
Results
Empirical
Sleep loss predicted unethical behavior
across 4 studies. Sleepy participants
were more likely to cheat and engage
in unethical workplace behavior. Selfcontrol mediated the relationships
between sleep quantity and unethical
behavior.
Empirical
Empirical
Empirical
Empirical
Mild to moderate sleep restriction (7 &
5 hours in bed) resulted in performance
declines that stabilized at lower than
average levels after a few days. Total
sleep deprivation resulted in
continuous performance declines. Over
sleeping (9 hours in bed) did not
significantly affect performance.
Knowledge of sleep hygiene is
associated with sleep practices. Sleep
practices related to overall sleep
quality. Frequently changing sleep
schedules, going to sleep thirsty, noise,
and worrying significantly contributed
to poor sleep quality.
Reports on the development of the
Sleep Treatment and Education
Program for Students (STEPS). STEPS
significantly improved sleep quality
and hygiene behaviors at 6 weeks after
the intervention.
Participants restricted to 5 hours of
nightly sleep for 7 days exhibited
increased daytime sleepiness each
additional day, which plateaued after
day 4.
2
Appendix B: Summary Table of Sleep Study Results
Authors
Christian & Ellis (2011)
de Vibe, Solhaug, Tyssen,
Friborg, Rosenvinge, Sorlie,
& Bjorndal (2013)
Doran, Van Dongen, &
Dinges (2001)
Goldet-Cayre, PelletierFleury, Le Vaillant, Diney,
Massuel, & Leger (2006)
James & Gregg (2004)
Kahn-Greene, Lipizzi,
Conrad, Kamimori, &
Killgore (2006)
Article Type
Results
Empirical
Sleep deprivation significantly
contributed to decreased self-control
and increased hostility to increase the
probability of engaging in deviant
workplace behavior.
Empirical
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
intervention demonstrated a moderate
effect on mental distress and a small
effect on subjective well-being.
Empirical
Empirical
Empirical
Empirical
Increased performance variability with
increased sleep loss. Sleepier
individuals responded more slowly,
made more errors, and were less
vigilant.
Insomniacs had a significantly higher
prevalence of absenteeism that resulted
in increased costs for the organization
due to salary replacement and
productivity losses. Employees also
experienced increased financial loss
due to their absenteeism.
Caffeine did not significantly enhance
mood for well-rested participants, nor
did it restore mood for sleep-deprived
participants. Reported caffeine-related
mood decrements in both the rested
and sleep deprived conditions.
When responding to an ambiguous
cartoon, sleep deprived participants
had a greater number of uncommon
answers, blamed others for problems
more, and were less willing to resolve
conflict by accepting blame.
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Appendix B: Summary Table of Sleep Study Results
Authors
Lim & Dinges (2010)
Luckhaupt, Tak, & Calvert
(2010)
Morin, Rodrigue, & Ivers
(2003)
Nilsson, Soderstrom,
Karlsson, Lekander,
Akerstedt, Lindroth, &
Axelsson (2005)
Nixon, Mazzola, Bauer,
Krueger, & Spector (2011)
Ree & Harvey (2006)
Article Type
Results
Meta-analysis
Across 147 cognitive tests, simple
vigilance and attention demonstrated
the largest detrimental effects after
sleep deprivation. These effects are
less pronounced when tasks involve
complex attention. Hours awake
significantly moderated the effect of
sleep deprivation on accuracy, but not
reaction time factors.
Empirical
Across occupations and job roles
employees sleep six or fewer hours per
night.
Empirical
Empirical
Meta-analysis
Empirical
Both poor and good sleepers reported
equivalent numbers of minor daily
stressors. Insomniacs rated those
stressors and negative life events as
more stressful, relied on emotionfocused coping, and reported more
arousal immediately prior to sleeping.
Sleep deprivation negatively affected
performance on an integrative
executive functioning task.
Across 79 studies, occupational
stressors were significantly associated
with physical symptoms. Longitudinal
results suggest some consistency to
those effects. Organizational
constraints and interpersonal conflict,
as well as gastrointestinal problems
and sleep disturbances showed the
strongest relationships with symptoms
and stressors, respectively.
Sleepiness resulted in more threat
consistent interpretations of ambiguous
sentences. Suggests general bias
toward threatening interpretations
when sleepy.
4
Appendix B: Summary Table of Sleep Study Results
Authors
Tempesta, Couyoumdjian,
Curcio, Moroni, Marzano,
De Gennaro, & Ferrera
(2010)
Van Dongen, Maislin,
Mullington, & Dinges
(2003)
Article Type
Results
Empirical
Sleep deprivation did not affect the
evaluation of positively/negatively
valenced stimuli. Sleep deprivation
resulted in especially negative
perceptions of neutral emotional
pictures, negative mood, and decreased
subjective alertness. Analyses with
negative mood as a covariate verified
the effect of sleep deprivation.
Empirical
Chronic sleep restriction (i.e., 4-6
hours nightly over 14 nights) resulted
in cognitive performance deficits
similar to 2 nights total sleep
deprivation.
Note. Presents a summary list of the major empirical findings reported in this review.
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