American Paint Horse
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American Paint Horse
American Paint Horse
Distinguishing
features:
Broad pinto spotting patterns of white
and dark hair
Alternative names:
Paint
Country of origin:
United States
Common nicknames:
Paint
Breed standards
Breed Standards
APHA:
Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
The American Paint Horse is a breed of horse that combines both the conformational characteristics of
a western stock horse with a pinto spotting pattern of white and dark coat colors. Developed from a base of
spotted horses with Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred bloodlines, the American Paint Horse
Association (APHA) breed registry is now one of the fastest-growing in North America. The registry allows
some non-spotted animals to be registered as "breeding stock Paints," and considers the American Paint
Horse to be a horse breed with distinct characteristics, not merely a color breed.
Contents
[hide]

1 Registration

o
1.1 Regular APHA registration
o
1.2 Solid Paint-Bred
2 Color
o
2.1 Terms for color patterns defined
o
2.2 Paint or Pinto?

3 History

4 Genetic Problems

5 References

6 External links
[edit]Registration
The American Paint Horse's combination of color and conformation has made theAmerican Paint Horse
Association (APHA) the second-largest breed registry in the United States.[1] While the colorful coat pattern is
essential to the identity of the breed, American Paint Horses have strict bloodline requirements and a distinctive
stock-horse body type. To be eligible for registry, a Paint's sire and dam must be registered with the American
Paint Horse Association, the American Quarter Horse Association, or the Jockey Club (Thoroughbreds). At
least one of the parents must be a registered American Paint Horse. There are two categories of registration,
regular, for horses with color, and solid Paint-bred, for those without color.
[edit]Regular
APHA registration
A regular registry Paint
In addition to bloodlines, to be eligible for the Regular Registry of the American Paint Horse
Association (APHA), the horse must also exhibit a "natural paint marking", meaning either a predominant hair
coat color with at least one contrasting area of solid white hair of the required size with some underlying
unpigmented skin present on the horse at the time of its birth. Or, in the case of a predominantly white hair
coat, at least one contrasting area of the required size of colored hair with some underlying pigmented skin
present on the horse. Natural Paint markings usually must cover more than two inches and be located in
certain designated areas of the body.[2]
[edit]Solid
Paint-Bred
Solid Paint-bred foal. Sire was a sorrel and white tobiano, dam is a black and whitetovero. Foal is a solid Chestnut.
Solid colored offspring of two registered Paint parents, called "Solid Paint-Breds" or "Breeding Stock Paints,"
are also eligible for registration, with certain restrictions.[3] They are able to participate in some recognized Paint
breed shows, and there are alternative programs offered, and many incentive programs within the registry are
available to Solid Paint-bred horses. If a solid-colored horse is bred to a regular registry Paint horse, it is
possible to produce a spotted foal. In some cases, such as the recessive sabino patterns, described below,
even a solid colored horse may still carry genes for color. However, in the case of the dominant tobiano pattern,
a Breeding Stock Paint will not carry these color genes, though it may retain other desirable traits.
[edit]Color
A tobiano Paint
Each Paint Horse has a particular combination of white and another color of the equine spectrum. Most
common are horses with white spots combined with black, bay, brown, and chestnut or sorrel. Less common
are horses with spot colors influenced by dilution genes such as palomino, buckskin, cremello,perlino, pearl or
"Barlink factor", and champagne,[4] various shades of roan, or various shades of dun, including grullo. [5] Paints
may also carry the gray gene and have spots that eventually fade to white hair, though retaining pigmented
skin underneath the areas that were once dark.
Spots can be any shape or size, except leopard complex patterning, which is characteristic of the Appaloosa,
and located virtually anywhere on the Paint's body. Although Paints come in a variety of colors with different
markings and different underlying genetics, these are grouped into only four defined coat
patterns: overo (includes frame,splash and sabino), tobiano and tovero and solid. [6]
Breeding Stock Paints can sometimes showcase small color traits, particularly if they carry sabino genetics.
Such traits include blue eyes, pink skin on lips and nostrils, roan spots, and minimal roaning.
[edit]Terms
for color patterns defined
An Overo Paint

Tobiano: The most common spotting pattern, characterized by rounded markings with white legs and white
across the back between the withers and the dock of the tail, usually arranged in a roughly vertical pattern
and more white than dark, with the head usually dark and with markings like that of a normal horse. i.e.
star, snip, strip, or blaze.

Overo: A group of spotting patterns characterized by sharp, irregular markings with a horizontal orientation,
usually more dark than white, though the face is usually white, sometimes with blue eyes. The white rarely
crosses the back, and the lower legs are normally dark. The APHA recognizes three overo patterns:

Frame: The most familiar overo pattern, the gene for frame has been genetically mapped and in the
homozygous form, results in Lethal White Foal Syndrome (LWFS). Visually-identified frames have no
health defects connected to their color, and are characterized by ragged, sharp white patches on the
sides of the body, leaving a "frame" of non-white color that typically includes the topline.

Sabino: Often confused with roan or rabicano, sabino is a slight spotting pattern characterized by high
white on legs, belly spots, white markings on the face extending past the eyes and/or patches of
roaning patterns standing alone or on the edges of white markings.

Splashed white: The least common spotting pattern, splashed whites typically have blue eyes and
crisp, smooth, blocky white markings that almost always include the head and legs. The tail is often
white or white-tipped, and body markings originate under the belly and extend "upwards".

Tovero: spotting pattern that is a mix of tobiano and overo coloration, such as blue eyes on a dark head.

Solid: A horse otherwise eligible for registration as a Paint that does not have any white that constitutes a
recognized spotting pattern.

"Color": An informal term meaning that the horse has a spotting pattern. (The opposite of "Solid.")

"Chrome": An informal term of approval used in some geographic regions to describe a particularly flashy
spotting pattern.
[edit]Paint
or Pinto?
The terms "paint" and "pinto" are sometimes both used to describe spotted horses, but in modern use there is a
clear difference between the two terms. A pinto differs from a Paint solely due to bloodlines. A pinto may be of
any breed or combination of breeds, though some Pinto registries may have additional restrictions. (Some do
not register draft horses or mules, for example.) For a horse to be registered as an American Paint Horse
however, it must have registered American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, orThoroughbred parents.
Therefore, all Paint horses (except for the small number of "solids" allowed into the Paint registry) could be
registered as pintos, but not all pintos qualify to be registered as Paints.
[edit]History
The American Paint Horse shares a common ancestry with the American Quarter Horse and
the Thoroughbred. A registered Paint horse should conform to the same "stock horse" body type desired in
Quarter Horses: a muscular animal that is heavy but not too tall, with a low center of gravity for
maneuverability, and powerful hindquarters suitable for rapid acceleration and sprinting.
When the American Quarter Horse Association emerged in 1940 to preserve horses of the "stock" type, it
excluded those with pintocoat patterns and "crop out" horses, those born with white body spots or white above
the knees and hocks. Undeterred, fans of colorful stock horses formed a variety of organizations to preserve
and promote Paint horses. In 1965 some of these groups merged to form the American Paint Horse
Association.
[edit]Genetic
Problems
Main article: Lethal white syndrome
One medical issue associated with the breed is the genetic disease lethal white syndrome (LWS). Also called
Overo Lethal White Syndrome (OLWS) or, less often, White Foal Syndrome (WFS), it is linked to a recessive
gene associated with the frame overopattern. Horses that are heterozygous carriers of the gene do not develop
the condition and are physically healthy. However, when a foal is born that is homozygous for the LWS gene, it
will be humanely euthanized shortly after birth, or else will die within a few days from complications involving an
underdeveloped intestinal tract. A DNA test is available for this condition so that horses who are carriers of this
gene are not bred to one another. Horses can carry the LWS gene and not visibly exhibit overo coloring; cases
have appeared in the offspring of both tobiano and solid-colored parents, though all cases to date are horses
that had overo ancestors. LWS is also not unique to Paint Horses; it can occur in any equine breed where the
frame overo coat pattern is found.
Due to the heavy influx of American Quarter Horse breeding, some Paints may also carry genes
for HYPP and HERDA. The influence of Thoroughbred breeding puts some bloodlines at higher risk
for Wobbler's syndrome.
See also: HYPP, HERDA, and Wobbler's disease