Supplementary Material
A Different View of Structure-Making and Structure-Breaking in
Alkali Halide Solutions through X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Iradwikanari Waluyo1, Dennis Nordlund1, Uwe Bergmann2, Lars G.M. Pettersson3, and Anders Nilsson1,3
1
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450,
Stanford, CA 94309, USA
2
Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, CA
94309, USA
3
Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm,
Sweden
S1
Fig. S1. O 1s T-mode XAS spectra of KF, RbF, CsF, and LiCl solutions at varying concentrations
compared to the spectrum of pure water. All spectra have been normalized by area from 532 to 550 eV.
The difference spectra (i.e. salt solution minus water) are displayed above each set of spectra.
S2
Fig. S2. O 1s T-mode XAS spectra of NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl solutions at varying concentrations
compared to the spectrum of pure water. All spectra have been normalized by area from 532 to 550 eV.
The difference spectra (i.e. salt solution minus water) are displayed above each set of spectra.
S3
Fig. S3. O 1s T-mode XAS spectra of NaBr, KBr, NaI, and KI solutions at varying concentrations
compared to the spectrum of pure water. All spectra have been normalized by area from 532 to 550 eV.
The difference spectra (i.e. salt solution minus water) are displayed above each set of spectra.
S4
Fig. S4. O 1s XRS spectra of 4 m NaCl solution measured at 4°C, 25°C, 60°C, and 90°C. The difference
spectra relative to the 25C spectrum is shown at the top. All spectra have been normalized by area from
532 to 550 eV.
S5
Fig. S5. O 1s XRS spectra of 4 m NaCl (green) compared to pure water (black) measured at 4°C, 25°C,
60°C, and 90°C. All spectra have been normalized by area from 532 to 550 eV.
S6