Integrated Science Spring 2011 Final Review Sheet WITH ANSWERS!!!
Choose the best answer for each question
Forces and Motion
1. What causes an object to move (accelerate) – in terms of the forces acting on the object AN UNBALANCED FORCE ACTING
ON AN OBJECT (NET FORCE NOT EQUAL TO ZERO)
2. What causes an object to stay stationary – in terms of forces acting on the object A BALANCED FORCE AND THE NET
FORCE CAN BE ZERO
3. State Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
1. LAW OF INERTIA – AN OBJECT WANTS TO DO WHAT IT IS CURRENTLY DOING
2. F=MA FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION
3. EVERY ACTION IS ALWAYS PRESENT WITH AN EQUAL BUT OPPOSITE REACTION
4. For the diagram below, explain how the car will move if it hits an oil slick
5.
C IT WILL TRAVEL OFF IN A STRAIGHT LINE
For the graphs below, tell what each axis represents, and what is happening in each graph in regards to the motion of an object
1.
2.
3.
4.
An object that is thrown upwards then travels back down
An object that begins with a velocity stops then continues on in the positive direction
An object dropped from rest then accelerates
Best example is a bouncing ball
6.
For the graphs below, tell what each axis represents, and what is happening in each graph in regards to the motion of an object.
7.
For the graphs below, tell what each axis represents, and what is happening in each graph in regards to the motion of an object
A. Traveling in the positive direction, accelerating slowly then quickly
B. Traveling in the negative direction, accelerating quickly then slowly
C. Traveling in the negative direction, accelerating quickly then slowly
D. Traveling in the positive direction, accelerating quickly then slowly
Momentum
8. What is momentum? The mass of an object multiplied by its velocity
9. What is the equation for momentum: momentum = mass x velocity
10. What is the equation for momentum involved a collision of two objects? Net Momentum before a collision = net momentum
after a collision
Potential and Kinetic Energy
11. What is gravitational potential energy? Energy due to height
12. What is the equation for gravitational potential energy? PE = mgh (mass)(gravity)(height)
13. What is kinetic energy energy due to motion
14. What is the equation for kinetic energy? KE=1/2 mv2
15. On the drawing below, indicate where potential and kinetic energies are the greatest and the least
E PE is the greatest, KE is the least
C PE is the least, KE is the greatest
16. On the drawing below, indicate where potential and kinetic energies are the greatest and the least
C PE is the greatest, KE is the least
17. What is the equation for electrical charge it is like the gravity equation, if a the amount of charge increases then the repulsive
or attractive forces increase if the distance between the increases then the attractive or repulsive force decreases
18. How do electrical charge act around each other (think attraction and repulsion) likes repel opposite attract
19. How do electrical charges move from one object to the next (think in terms of + or – charge moving)
Friction, induction, contact
20. How does magnetism in an object work (think about the poles) it strongest at the poles of a magnet
21. What happens when a magnet is cut in half? You get two magnets
22. What causes the plates of the Earth to move? Convection currents deep inside the earth
23. What are the three types of plate boundaries and what surface features occur because of these boundaries?
a. Convergent – volcanoes, mountains, ocean trenches
b. Divergent – mid ocean ridge, volcanoes, rift valleys
c. Transform- no new crust forms so really no land features
24. How do scientists know the universe is expanding? Red and blue shifts of the spectrum of distant stars, and cosmic
background microwave radiation
25. What is nuclear fusion? Two small nuclei fuse together to make a large one
26. Where does fusion occur? In stars
27. What are the geochemical cycles and how do they cycle each chemical through the earth (Water cycle, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen
cycle)
a. Water cycle water is moved through the cycle by gravity and energy from the sun
b. Carbon cycle carbon moves through the earth cycles, it is trapped in compounds during photosynthesis and is
released during respiration of animals, it is also trapped in fossil fuels, and released during the burning of fossil fuels,
thought to cause climate change due to greenhouse effect
c. Nitrogen moves from an unusable form in the form of N2 in the atmosphere and is converted by bacteria to a usable
form for most plants
Rock Cycle
28. What are the three types of rocks and how are they formed?
a. Igneous rock (from cooling magma)
b. Metamorphic (from any of the 3 types of rock changed due to heat and pressure)
c. Sedimentary (from igneous or metamorphic rock that has been weathered into fragments then cemented together)
29. What is the rock cycle and why is it important
a. It is the process that rock is created or destroyed into new types of rocks
30. How could a fossil for an ocean organism be found at the top of a mountain
Due to plate tectonics the area could have been under an ocean then uplifted due
The following are possible ORQ questions for your test – answer as completely as possible
CIRCUITS
A circuit with three identical light bulbs is shown in the diagram below.
a. Identify the symbol labeled J in the circuit.
b. Describe what each light bulb does in each of the following situations:

when switches 1 and 2 are open

when switches 1 and 2 are closed

when switch 1 is open and switch 2 is closed

when switch 1 is closed and switch 2 is open
ELECTRIC CHARGES
ORQ #1:
In the diagram below, shaded circles 1, 2, and 3 represent fixed charged objects, and circle 4 represents a charged object that is free to
move. The magnitude of all the charges is equal.
a.
b.
c.
Describe how charged objects 1, 2, and 3 will each affect object 4.
Compare the magnitude of the electric force between object 3 and 4 with the magnitude of the electric force between object 2
and object 4.
Draw a diagram to show where object 4 will most likely move in relation to fixed objects 1, 2, and3. Explain your answer
ORQ #2:
A student rubs a balloon on her hair and the balloon acquires a negative charge.
a.
b.
c.
Explain why the balloon acquires a negative charge
After the balloon is rubbed on the student’s head, the student’s hair stands out from her head. Explain why this happens
The students then brings the negatively charged balloon near another balloon that was charged in the same way. Describe and
explain what happens when the negatively charged balloon is brought near another negatively charge balloon.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
A) Describe each of Newton’s three laws of motion.
B) Select one of the laws and provide a real world application of the law to demonstrate the concept.
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
Graphical Analysis of Motion
In your descriptions, make reference to the direction of motion (+ or - direction), the velocity and acceleration and any changes in
speed (speeding up or slowing down) during the each time interval.
A.
Describe the motion depicted by the for the velocity-time graphs during the time interval for A. Justify your description.
B.
Describe the motion depicted by the for the velocity-time graphs during the time interval for B. Justify your description.
C.
Describe the motion depicted by the for the velocity-time graphs during the time interval for C. Justify your description.
D. Draw and label a velocity -time graph which matches the following descriptors:
(interval 1). The object moves in the - direction while slowing down (-v) with a positive acceleration
(interval 2). The object now moves in the + direction while speeding up (+v) with a positive acceleration
(interval 3). The object continues to move in the + direction now while slowing down (+v) with a negative acceleration.