Objective 4.1 Study Guide
Name____________________________________________
Period__________ Due Date_________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
____
1. According to uniformitarianism, how does geologic change happen?
a. every few years
c. gradually
b. suddenly
d. after an earthquake
____
2. Which of the following events would be a catastrophe?
a. an average rainfall
c. gradual erosion
b. an asteroid hitting the earth
d. deposition
____
3. How are rock layers arranged in the geologic column?
a. Youngest rocks are in the middle.
c. Oldest rocks are on the bottom.
b. Youngest rocks are on the bottom.
d. Oldest rocks are on the top.
____
4. How does a geologist know that rock layers are undisturbed?
a. Rock layers are folded.
c. Rock layers are tilted.
b. Rock layers are horizontal.
d. Rock layers are faulted.
____
5. What is a fault?
a. molten rock that squeezes into existing rock
b. a break in the Earth’s crust
c. slanted layers of rock
d. a bent and buckled layer of rock
____
6. What does the rock and fossil record represent?
a. index fossils
c. the Age of Reptiles
b. geologic time
d. the Age of Mammals
____
7. The phrase “younger over older” could be used to remember the principle of
a. absolute dating.
c. unconformities.
b. geologic columns.
d. superposition.
____
8. What did marine fossils discovered on a Canadian mountaintop tell scientists?
a. Marine species once lived on land.
b. The rocks on the mountaintop were once below the ocean’s surface.
c. The rocks had probably been preserved in amber.
d. The rocks had probably eroded.
____
9. Molten rock that squeezes into existing rock and cools is called what?
a. folding
c. intrusion
b. fault
d. tilting
____ 10. Where are most fossils preserved?
a. in ice
b. in amber
Short Answer
11. What is catastrophism?
12. Describe uniformitarianism.
c. in sedimentary rock
d. in asphalt
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. superposition
d. disconformity
b. uncomformity
e. angular unconformity
c. relative dating
f. erosion
____
____
____
____
____
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
a missing layer of rock
the idea that younger rocks lie on top of older rocks
a break in the geologic record
the process of figuring out if an object is older or younger than another
the process of wearing down
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. folding
c. tilting
b. fault
d. intrusion
____
____
____
____
18.
19.
20.
21.
a break in the Earth’s crust
rock layers bent by Earth’s internal forces
molten rock that has squeezed into existing rock and hardened
rock layers slanted by Earth’s internal forces
22. What process disturbed these rocks?
23. Which layers have the same relative age?
24. What processes have disturbed these rocks? (MORE THAN 1!)
25. Is rock layer D older or younger than rock layer B? Explain.
Label the following as either constructive (C) or destructive (D).
_____26. Deforestation
_____27. Mountain Building
_____28. Strip Mining
_____29. Volcanic Activity
_____29. Erosion/Weathering
_____30. Deposition
_____31. Magma covering a house
Objective 4.1 Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
C
1
B
1
C
2
B
4|5
B
4
B
1
D
2
B
3
C
4
C
1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 5
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 4
SHORT ANSWER
11. ANS:
the idea that geologic change occurred suddenly as a result of infrequent, disastrous events
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
12. ANS:
the principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic
processes
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
MATCHING
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
D
4
A
2
B
4
C
1
F
4|5
18. ANS: B
OBJ: 4
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
A
4
D
4
C
4
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2