CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
2008 by Maury Riner
Chemical Safety Committee
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Purpose
7
2.
Scope
7
2.1
Employees
7
2.2
Students
7
3.
Exclusions
8
4.
Responsibilities of the University, Employees, Students
8
4.1
President
8
4.2
Safety Committees
8
4.21
Chemical Safety Committee
8
4.22
Biological Safety Committee
8
4.23
Radiation Safety Committee
9
4.3
5.
Research Proposal Review
9
4.31
Student Research Review
9
4.32
Faculty Research Review
9
4.4
Environmental Health Safety / Risk Management Support
9
4.5
Department Chairs
10
4.6
Principle Investigators (PI) / Research Lab Supervisors (RLS)
10
4.7
Employees
11
4.8
Students
12
Classification of Chemical Hazards
12
5.1
Physical (Contact) Hazards
12
5.11
Corrosive Chemicals
12
5.12
Sensitizing / Irritant Chemicals
12
2
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Flammable / Combustible (Fire) Hazards
13
5.21
Flammable / Combustible Liquids
13
5.22
Flammable Solids
13
Multiple Hazards
13
5.31
13
Highly Reactive / Unstable Chemicals
Particularly Hazardous Chemicals
13
5.41
General SOPs
14
5.42
Highly (Acutely) Toxic Chemicals
14
5.43
Select Carcinogenic Chemicals
14
5.44
Reproductive / Developmental Toxins
15
Restricted Chemicals
15
5.51
EPA p-listed Chemicals
15
5.52
DEA Controlled Chemicals
15
5.53
DHS Chemicals of Interest
16
Cryogenic Liquids
16
5.61
Cold Burn Hazards
16
5.62
Asphyxiation Hazards
16
5.63
Fire and Explosion Hazards
16
Cryogenic Liquid SOP
16
5.71
16
Required PPE
Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice)
17
5.81
Cold Burn Hazards
17
5.82
Asphyxiation Hazards
17
5.83
Flammable Liquid Hazards
17
Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice) SOP
3
17
5.91
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Required PPE
17
5.10
Compressed Gases
17
5.11
Compressed Gas Cylinder SOPs
18
Reducing Hazardous Chemical Exposures
19
6.1
Administrative Controls
19
6.11
19
Laboratory Inspections
6.2
Engineering Controls
20
6.3
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
21
6.31
Choosing PPE
21
6.32
Using PPE
22
Laboratory SOPs
22
7.1
General Teaching Laboratory SOPs
22
7.2
General Research Laboratory SOPs
25
Chemical Exposure Assessment and Medical Exams
28
8.1
Personal Exposure Monitoring
28
8.2
Frequency of Exposure Monitoring
28
8.3
Medical Exams
28
General Chemical SOPs
28
9.1
Chemical Procurement
29
9.2
Chemical Inventories
29
9.3
Chemical Storage and Labeling
29
9.4
Controlled Substances / P-Listed Chemicals
30
9.5
Shipment of Chemicals
31
Hazardous Waste Disposal
31
10.1
32
Hazardous Biological Waste
4
11.
12.
13.
10.2
Chemical Waste
32
10.3
Radioactive Waste
33
Safety Training and Information
33
11.1
General Teaching & Research Employee Training
33
11.2
Specific Teaching & Research Employee Training
34
11.3
Information Teaching & Research Employees
35
Working Autonomously
35
12.1
35
Working Autonomously
Working Unsupervised
36
13.1
36
Working Unsupervised
14.
Equipment Operation
37
15.
Emergency Situations and Evacuations
37
15.1
Non-life Threatening Accidents
37
15.11 Non-chemical Burns
37
15.12 Cuts
38
15.13 Chemical Burns Eyes
38
15.14 Chemical Burns Skin < 10 %
38
15.15 Chemical Burns Skin > 10 %
38
15.2
Life Threatening Accidents or Situations
39
15.3
Small Chemical Spills
39
15.4
Large Chemical Spills
39
15.5
Natural Disasters or Building Evacuations
39
5
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
(CHP)
2.
Safety First Approach
(SFA)
3.
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
4.
University of Alaska Anchorage
(UAA)
5.
Environmental Health Safety & Risk Management Support
(EHS / RMS)
6.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
7.
Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs)
8.
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)
9.
Drug Enforcement Agency
(DEA)
10.
Dept. of Homeland Security
(DHS)
11.
Dept. of Environmental Conservation
(DEC)
12.
Municipality of Anchorage
(MOA)
13.
Centers for Disease Control
(CDC)
14.
National Institute of Health
(NIH)
15.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC)
16.
Principal Investigators
(PIs)
17.
Research Lab Supervisors
(RLS)
18.
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
19.
Particularly Hazardous Chemicals
(PHC)
20.
American Conference of Governmental Hygienists
(ACGIH)
21.
6
1.
PURPOSE
The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) for the University of Alaska Anchorage
provides written guidelines as required by law and for the establishment of a
Safety First Approach (SFA). The SFA will encourage and support the use of
‘Standard and Prudent Practices’ in all teaching and research laboratories that
use chemicals on a laboratory scale in accordance with definitions provided in
the OSHA Laboratory Safety Standard. The SFA warrants the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE), and safe and prudent practices in the handling,
storage and disposal of chemicals. In addition, the SFA will include the
appropriate use of all scientific equipment in teaching and research laboratories.
The SFA should help to minimize exposure risks by protecting employees and
students from potential health hazards resulting from the use of hazardous
chemicals or while performing hazardous procedures while pursuing their
education at UAA.
The CHP is designed to meet the requirements outlined in the U.S.
Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR
Part 1910.1450. This plan complies with any additional requirements outlined in
Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories as adopted by
the State of Alaska. These sets of regulations are commonly known as the
‘Laboratory Standard.’
2.
SCOPE
2.1
Employees
The CHP covers all employees who use or are exposed to hazardous
chemicals in teaching and research laboratories at UAA under the Laboratory
Standard regulations. Current University policy is outlined in the
Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures
section, statement #3 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
Non-laboratory, (custodial, electricians, etc.), employees are covered
under the OSHA Hazard Communications requirements. Current University
policy is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and
procedures section, statement #2 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
2.2
Students
The coverage of students under the Laboratory Standard is not required
by law; however, by establishing an SFA the university can voluntarily extend
applications to students who often end up as employees or student researchers.
7
3.
EXCLUSIONS
The CHP does not directly cover work with radioactive materials or
infectious, medical, pathological (animal or animal carcasses), recombinant DNA,
and all other types of biological agent wastes. These materials will be addressed
by the Radiation Safety Committee and the Biological Safety Committee and
those policies will be added to this CHP in the appendices.
4.
UNIVERSITY RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1
President
The university president has the legal responsibility for the development
and enforcement of the university CHP, program-specific lab Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) and research-specific SOPs. The president provides support
for the Chemical, Biological and Radiation Safety Committees for the
administration and development of the university-wide CHP and program specific
lab SOPs.
4.2
Safety Committees
Current University policy for the establishment and rules governing safety
committees is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS,
policies and procedures section, statement #1 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
4.21
Chemical Safety Committee
The Chemical Safety Committee has the delegated responsibility of
developing the university CHP related to the use of hazardous chemicals
on a laboratory scale and promoting the adoption of a SFA in all policies.
This committee has the responsibility of reviewing and updating the CHP
annually, or as changes in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Drug
Enforcement Agency (DEA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS),
Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), or Municipality of
Anchorage (MOA) regulations require.
4.22
Biological Safety Committee
The Biological Safety Committee has the delegated responsibility of
developing general and lab protocol-specific SOPs with regard to the
handling, use and disposal of infectious, medical, pathological (animal or
animal carcasses), recombinant DNA, and all other types of biological
agent wastes, and promoting the adoption of a SFA in all biological
8
policies. This committee has the responsibility of reviewing and updating
the biological program specific lab SOPs annually, or as changes in
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) or National Institute of Health (NIH)
regulations require.
.
4.23
Radiation Safety Committee
The Radiation Safety committee has the delegated responsibility of
developing general and lab protocol-specific SOPs with regard to the
procurement, handling, use and disposal of all radio nuclides, and
compounds possessing radio nuclides, and promoting the SFA to all
adopted radiation policies. This committee has the responsibility of
reviewing and updating the radiation lab specific SOPs annually, or as
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations require.
4.3
Research Proposal Reviews
4.31
Student Research Proposal Review
The Student Research Review Committee has the delegated
responsibility of reviewing all under graduate / graduate student research
grants / proposals. This committee ensures that each proposal has a
complete SOP outlining chemical usage, methodology, waste generation,
and disposal for all research projects prior to the ordering of any
chemicals.
4.32
Faculty Research Proposal Review
The Faculty Research Review Committee has the delegated
responsibility of reviewing all Faculty research grants / proposals. This
committee ensures that each proposal has a complete SOP outlining
chemical usage, methodology, waste generation, and disposal for all
research projects prior to the ordering of any chemicals. Current
University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS /
RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #23 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
4.4
Environmental Health Safety & Risk Management Support (EHS / RMS)
The EHS / RMS department is responsible for compliance assurance of
EPA, DHS, DEA, CDC, NIH, DEC, OSHA, NRC and MOA regulations and
policies. Department Heads, Deans and Directors are responsible for
enforcement of regulations and policies. The department reviews research SOPs
to ensure that appropriate risk / hazard assessments are completed. EHS / RMS
9
assists and advises departments, committees, instructors, and researchers with
selection of appropriate PPE, evaluation of the suitability of facilities for
performing projects, approving waste generation plans and disposition of
approved waste streams. The Chemical Hygiene Officer and Radiation Safety
Officer facilitate EHS / RMS in carrying out departmental duties. EHS / RMS
authority is vested through Department Heads, Deans and Directors except in
cases of imminent threats to life, limb and property when it may become
impractical or impossible to consult with normal administrative chains of
command in a timely manner.
EHS / RMS will serve on the chemical, biological and radiation safety committees
in an ex-officio capacity to provide advice and to assist with identifying physical
and training resources as well as to review issues for regulatory compliance.
4.5
Department Chairs
The Department Chairs and / or Lab Coordinators of each department are
responsible for development and enforcement (through department chairs) of
program-specific lab SOPs for teaching labs at the department level. The
Department Chairs are responsible for compliance and enforcement of all EPA,
DHS, DEA, CDC, NIH, DEC, and MOA regulations and policies applicable to
each department.
4.6
Principle Investigators (PI) / Research Lab Supervisors (RLS)
The PI is responsible for the health and safety of all persons working in
their research laboratory. The PI may delegate safety duties to a RLS.
Responsibilities for ensuring that any delegated duties are carried out remain
with the PI. Additional responsibilities of the PI / RLS are as follows:
1.
Implementing and enforcing a SFA for activities in their laboratory
by applying all applicable standard and prudent safety practices.
2.
Establishment of general and protocol-specific SOPs for all hazardous
activities in their lab.
3.
Safety training of all laboratory personnel working with hazardous
chemicals / procedures, and operation of potentially dangerous
equipment. Written records of safety trainings must be kept on file for a
period of five years.
4.
Maintaining an online-chemical inventory for their laboratory.
10
5.
Providing laboratory personnel access to the UAA CHP, protocol-specific
SOPs, and all other prudent safety information, including reference
materials and MSDS sheets.
6.
Providing necessary and appropriate PPE to all laboratory personnel
working in their lab. (ANSI Z87.1-2003 approved goggles, non-permeable
gloves etc.). Providing additional recommended PPE by EHS / RMS for
specific hazards / risks related to their individual research projects.
7.
Reporting malfunctioning facilities equipment (eye washes, fume hoods,
leaking sinks, light bulb replacement etc.) to appropriate personnel for
scheduling repairs or testing as needed in a timely manner.
8.
Reporting all accidents or injuries to appropriate personnel and EHS /
RMS immediately. Accident forms must be filled out and sent to EHS /
RMS within 48 hours.
9.
Compliance and enforcement of all EPA, DHS, DEA, CDC, NIH, DEC, and
MOA regulations and policies pertaining to lab waste disposal.
10.
Correct all deficiencies in a timely manner after a lab inspection by EHS /
RMS and other internal or external inspection or audit groups.
11.
Inform non-laboratory personnel of any lab-specific hazards prior to
working on or repairing any building facilities, (electrical, plumbing etc.) or
specialized equipment (refrigerators, freezers etc.). Any identified hazard
should be minimized to provide a safe working environment for nonlaboratory personnel.
12.
Consult EHS / RMS when ordering and using any chemical in the
following categories: restricted, particularly-hazardous chemicals,
carcinogens, acutely-toxic chemicals, p-listed chemicals, highly reactive
chemicals or controlled substances.
13.
Consult EHS / RMS for special safety precautions needed when changing
or scaling up experimental procedures which increase the risks / hazards
to laboratory personnel.
4.7
Employees
Employees are responsible for participating in department-specific safety
trainings annually. Employees should be aware of the health and safety hazards
presented by the chemicals and equipment they are working with, or may come
11
in contact with in the laboratory. All accidents or injuries should be reported to the
appropriate personnel immediately.
4.8
Students
Students should observe and practice all safety procedures outlined in the
UAA CHP, and any teaching or research lab-specific SOPs. Students should be
aware of the health and safety hazards presented by the chemicals and
equipment they are working with, or may come in contact with in the laboratory.
All accidents or injuries should be reported to the appropriate personnel
immediately.
5.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Laboratory personnel must have a clear understanding of the associated
physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of any chemical they are using or
come in contact with. In addition, compressed gases and cryogenic liquids
present unique hazards.
5.1
Physical (Contact) Hazards
5.11
Corrosive Chemicals
Corrosive chemicals are those that chemically react with living
tissue at the point of contact causing destruction and irreversible
alterations resulting in permanent damage or scarring. This is
most common in the case of skin exposure (visible), but can occur
in the respiratory tract (invisible) due to inhalation of corrosive
fumes.
5.12
Sensitizing / Irritant Chemicals
Sensitizers are those chemicals that cause an allergic response in
individuals upon repeated exposure usually by skin contact. This
allergic response can be delayed and not be apparent until after a
number of repeated exposures.
Irritants are those chemicals when in contact with the skin cause
reversible effects at the site such as itching, redness
or an inflammatory response.
12
5.2
Flammable / Combustible (Fire) Hazards
5.21
Flammable / Combustible Liquids
Substances that readily burn in air are considered flammable.
Flammable / combustible liquids are classified according to their
flash points. The degree of flammability depends on various factors
including flash point, boiling point, vapor pressure, fuel-to-air ratios
and the available ignition source. Current University policy is
outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS,
policies and procedures section, statement #35 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
5.22
Flammable Solids
Substances that may cause a fire through friction, spontaneously
ignite upon contact with air, (pyrophoric) and / or self heat to a
temperature that supports spontaneous combustion are classified
as flammable solids. This includes chemicals labeled ‘Dangerous
when Wet.’
5.3
Multiple Hazards
5.31
Highly Reactive / Unstable Chemicals
Substances that under the right conditions may polymerize,
decompose violently or react violently upon contact with another
chemical or substance are classified as highly reactive or unstable.
These types of chemicals may also react violently under conditions
of shock, pressure, temperature, light and other energy sources.
5.4
Particularly Hazardous Chemicals (PHC)
High risk materials defined as: highly toxic, select carcinogens, or
reproductive toxins are classified as particularly hazardous substances
and require additional provisions to ensure employee and student safety
when working with these types of chemicals. To ensure the safety and
minimize the risks associated with the usage, storage, handling and
disposal of PHC and carcinogenic chemicals the following standard and
prudent practices outlined below are required. Where warranted, the use
of special PPE, techniques or protocols will be addressed in the lab
specific SOPs.
13
5.41 General SOPs
5.42
1.
Use only the minimum amount of chemical needed for the
procedure.
2.
Perform all work in a fume hood, glove box, or a designated
area when performing the following operations
2.1
Volatilizing or dissolving PHCs.
2.2
Any manipulation that produces aerosols or fines.
2.3
Weighing out PHCs using the tare method with a
sealed container.
2.4
Use hepa filters, carbon filters or scrubber systems
with containment devices to protect effluent and
vacuum lines / vacuum pumps.
2.5
Decontaminate the area if necessary when done.
2.6
Report all exposures of carcinogenic materials
immediately.
Highly (Acutely) Toxic Chemicals
Substances that are acutely toxic fall into the exposure values
listed:
5.43
1.
Oral LD50 values from > 5 < 50 mg / kg of body weight
for humans.
2.
Skin contact < 200 mg / kg body weight.
3.
Inhalation LC50 < 200 ppm for 1 hr, and inhalation
LC50 < 2,000 mg / m3 for 1 hr, or has OSHA defined
permissible exposure limits and threshold limit value
of 50 ppm used by the American Conference of
Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH).
Select Carcinogenic Chemicals
Substances that meet one of the following criteria are regulated by
OSHA as carcinogens:
14
1.
Listed as a known carcinogen by the National
Toxicology Program (NTP).
2.
Listed under groups 1, carcinogenic to humans, 2A,
probably carcinogenic to humans, 2B, possibly
carcinogenic to humans.
3.
Listed as reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen to
humans is classified as a select carcinogen.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/9732
Current University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services
Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section statement
#16 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm See the current list
of carcinogenic chemicals at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Lists.htm
5.44. Reproductive / Developmental Toxins
Substances that cause chromosomal damage (mutagens) and are
lethal or cause malformations in fetuses (teratogens) both fall under
reproductive / developmental toxins as defined by OSHA.
5.5
Restricted Chemicals
Chemicals that fall under the restricted category are all p-listed chemicals,
controlled substances and other chemicals that require very specialized
safety / hazard assessments to ensure safety to employees and students
when used. All chemicals that fall in this category must be approved by
EHS / RMS prior to purchase.
5.51
EPA P-Listed Chemicals
Those chemicals defined by the EPA as acutely hazardous
substances. See the current p-listed chemical list at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Lists.htm
5.52
DEA Controlled Substances
Those chemicals listed by the DEA as chemicals that are used in
the illegal manufacture of controlled substances (drugs).See
the current DEA list at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Lists.htm
15
5.53
DHS Chemicals of Interest
Those chemicals listed by the DHS as chemicals of interest that are
used in terrorist activities by internal or external groups. See
the current DHS list at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Lists.htm
5.6
Cryogenic Liquids
Cryogens are liquefied gases with a boiling point of 110K (-160 °C). The
two most common cryogenic liquids are nitrogen and helium. These
compounds have additional hazards and require additional safety
precautions as outlined below.
5.61
Cold Burn Hazards
Skin contact with cryogenic liquids or non-insulated equipment
(metallic) parts can cause frostbite or cold burns. Eye contact
with cryogenic liquids can cause permanent eye damage.
5.62
Asphyxiation Hazards
When large amounts of a cryogen are spilled or are released by
failure of a large Dewar, asphyxiation can result due to oxygen
deficiency which is undetectable in an unventilated or enclosed
room. The volumetric expansion rate from the liquid to
gaseous phase ranges from 690 – 750 times. Dewars
containing liquid nitrogen cannot to be stored or used in any
cold room.
5.63
Fire and Explosion Hazards
Liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are not flammable; however,
they are capable of condensing liquid oxygen out of the air
creating an oxygen rich environment which could ignite any
flammable materials in the immediate area.
5.7
Cryogenic Liquid SOP
5.71
Required PPE
When transferring cryogenic liquids or removing samples from a
Dewar, the PPE listed below must be used:
1.
Cryo-gloves
2.
Safety Goggles and Face Shield
16
3.
5.8
Lab Coat and Long Pants
Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice) or Dry Ice / Acetone Mixtures
Solid carbon dioxide with a boiling point of 195 K (-78°C) is a substance
that undergoes sublimation.
5.81
Cold Burn Hazards
Skin contact with a solid carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide / liquid
acetone can cause frostbite or cold burns. Eye contact with carbon
dioxide / liquid acetone mixtures can cause permanent eye
damage.
5.82
Asphyxiation Hazards
Sublimation of large amounts of solid carbon dioxide in an
unventilated or enclosed room can result in asphyxiation due to
oxygen deficiency. Over exposure to carbon dioxide in an enclosed
room is undetectable.
5.83
Flammable Liquid Hazards
The acetone used in an acetone / dry ice bath is a flammable liquid.
5.9
Dry Ice or Dry Ice / Acetone Mixtures SOP
5.91
5.10
When using dry ice / acetone solutions the PPE listed below must
be used:
1.
Cryo-gloves
2.
Safety Goggles
3.
Lab Coat and Long Pants
Compressed Gases
A gas or mixture of gases contained in a cylinder with an absolute
pressure greater than 40 pounds per square inch (psi) at 21°C, 104 psi at
54°C, or any flammable liquid with a pressure exceeding 40 psi at 38°C
are defined as compressed gases. The most commonly used compressed
gases are hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, argon, acetylene, and methane. Compressed gases are
both mechanically and chemically hazardous depending on the type of
compressed gas. Mechanical hazards can occur from the pressures
17
causing a cylinder rupture or a regulator failure. Chemical hazards arise
from the flammability, reactivity, or toxicity of the gas.
5.11
Compressed Gas Cylinder SOPs
1.
Cylinders should have a company label and user name.
2.
Cylinders should have a collar indicating its status - full or
empty (MT).
3.
Both full and empty cylinders will be secured by two straps
or chains spaced 1/3 distance from the top and bottom of the
cylinder. Alternate security is the use of a cylinder stand and
a single strap mounted to a secure bench or wall.
4.
All cylinders not in-service should have the valve cap
screwed in place.
5.
When bringing a cylinder into or out of service, move the
cylinder using a cylinder dolly, with the valve cap in place.
DO NOT HAND ROLL ANY CYLINDER!
6.
When a cylinder is taken out of service, leave at least 50 psi
in the cylinder. Do not continue use until the pressure is
reduced to zero.
7.
Flammable and reactive compressed gas cylinders should
be stored separately from oxidizing compressed gas
cylinders.
8.
Do not order small lecture bottle gas cylinders which are
non-returnable to the manufacturer as they require special
procedures prior to disposal through EHS / RMS.
9.
Lines leading from a compressed gas cylinder to any piece
of equipment using the compressed gas should be labeled
with the type of gas and the hazards of the gas, i.e.,
‘Hydrogen Gas - Flammable.’
10.
Lines leading from a compressed gas cylinder to any piece
of equipment should be checked for leaks every 3 months or
if indicated by any unusual pressure changes at the
regulator using ‘snoop’ - a mild soap and water solution.
18
6.
11.
The use of small in lab gas generators, hydrogen, or
nitrogen is to be encouraged as they omit the hazards
associated with the use of high pressure cylinders.
12.
Large liquid argon, nitrogen, and helium pressurized Dewars
often vent off excess pressure automatically. Keep this in
mind while using these devices.
REDUCING HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURES
The use and possible exposure to hazardous chemicals has associated
health risks due to inhalation, skin contact, etc. These risks can be minimized
and controlled by adopting a SFA, in addition to applying administrative controls,
engineering controls, and through the use of appropriate PPE.
6.1
Administrative Controls
1.
All outdated SOPs or methodologies (> 10 yrs old) should be
reviewed and updated to reduce risks / hazards.
2.
All current SOPs should include a risk / hazard assessment.
3.
All current SOPs should be reviewed for their waste generation and
disposal compliance.
4.
Replace wet (classical) chemistry methods with micro-scale
experiments, chemical procedures and instrumental methods to
decrease chemical usage / exposures.
5.
Maintain a current and complete on-line chemical inventory for all
laboratories. Chemical inventories should be kept as small as
possible to reduce disposal costs.
6.11
Laboratory Inspections
Laboratory inspections are essential to a SFA program in the
identification and addressing of potential health and safety deficiencies.
All lab inspections by EHS / RMS should be done annually.
Completed inspection checklists and actions to correct identified unsafe
conditions should be maintained by the department lab coordinator / PI /
RLS for the time specified by EHS / RMS. Follow-up inspections to
addressed corrective measures will ensure compliance.
19
6.2
Engineering Controls
1.
All laboratories using hazardous chemicals that are flammable,
volatile, corrosive, reactive, toxic, etc. shall have a fully functional
and operating fume hood.
2.
Fume hoods are to be tested annually. Documentation of test
results will be kept on file in the building manager’s office. Each
hood will have the test result displayed on a sticker affixed to the
front edge. Each hood will have the maximum sash height (RED
arrow) displayed on a sticker affixed to the front edge.
3.
Hood users must check the status of the hood prior to each use by
observing the continuous air-flow meter on the right side of the
hood with a recommended face velocity of 80-100 cfm, or the
manometer on the upper right hand corner of some hoods. Do not
assume a hood is working properly.
4.
All work should be done at least six (6) inches from the back side of
the front sash to prevent turbulence and possible escape of
hazardous vapors from inside the hood.
5.
Any large piece of equipment used inside a hood must be elevated
and placed as far back as possible in the hood without blocking the
rear or side exhaust openings.
6.
Laboratory fume hoods are not to be used for storage of chemicals
or equipment, except in the case of continuous procedures that are
being carried out in the hood.
7.
Do not allow debris such as paper, latex / nitrile gloves, or small
objects to be sucked up into the exhaust ducting as this may cause
serious damage to the exhaust fan and impair fume hood
performance resulting in a hazardous chemical exposure or
inadvertent hood failure.
8.
When a hood fails or has cfm readings below recommended values
it will be tagged ‘Out of Service’ and will not be used for any
procedure that requires ventilation in order to control any type of
chemical exposure.
20
6.3
Personal Protective Equipment
6.31
Choosing Appropriate PPE
1.
Employees and students shall review each SOP, MSDS,
and any other available safety or hazard information to
determine the appropriate PPE needed based on the
chemical hazards encountered in all teaching or
research laboratories.
2.
Glove selection should be based on the known literature
risks / hazards or safety precautions, and the anticipated
level of chemical contact. Glove selection for newly
synthesized compounds where no literature is available,
should be based on the risk hazards associated with the
starting materials accounting for possible higher levels of
risks / hazards.
3.
Inspect all gloves prior to use for holes, tears, swelling,
discoloration, and for a proper fit. Be aware of the possibility
of an immediate or delayed allergic reaction when using
latex gloves. Current University policy is outlined in the
Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and
procedures section, statement #26 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
4.
Lab coats or aprons should be worn when handling
corrosive or caustic chemicals, large containers of
chemical solutions, or when the possibility of bodily contact
due to chemical dust / fines is possible.
5.
Hearing protection should only be used when noise levels of
non-isolated devices such as vacuum pumps, and NMR air
pumps are above OSHA standards. Current University policy
is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS /
RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #11 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
6.
Respiratory protection is not usually required for normal lab
operations. The use of respirators in lab requires medical
evaluation, fitting and training prior to use. Current University
policy is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS
/ RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #7 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
21
6.32
Using PPE
1.
2.
7.
All persons entering / occupying any laboratory where
chemical transfers / handling and the use of glass objects is /
are occurring shall be required to wear approved chemical /
splash proof impact-resistant goggles as denoted by the
ANSI Z87.1-2003 trademark (stamp) on the goggles. Current
University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services
Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section,
statement #10 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
All persons entering / occupying any laboratory where
procedures involve pressures above / below ambient
pressures shall use a full face and throat shield in addition to
the required chemical / slash proof goggles to provide
additional protection against glass debris in the advent of an
implosion or explosion, unless the procedure is being carried
out in a fume hood with the sash down and the pressurized
or evacuated vessels have been wrapped in tape.
3.
Before leaving your work area remove contaminated gloves
before touching anything else in order to prevent
contamination of other objects or surfaces.
4.
Hands must be washed prior to putting on and after
removing PPE.
LABORATORY SOPs
All faculty, staff and students should adopt a SFA by following the general
SOPs outlined in the University wide CHP and the lab specific CHPs in the
appendices to minimize their overall health and safety risks, and to decrease
accidents. Each Department Chair and / or Lab Coordinator will be responsible
for providing written lab specific CHPs for all teaching laboratories within their
department which will then be added to the University CHP appendices.
7.1
General Teaching Laboratory SOPs
1.
Laboratory facilities may be used only by individuals who have the
proper documented qualifications and training.
2.
Emergency eyewash and shower stations are to remain free and
clear of all obstructions so as not to prevent their use when the
need arises.
22
3.
Exit doors will be clearly marked and show the appropriate escape
route to be used in the event of an emergency, natural disaster, or
an ordered building evacuation.
4.
Exit doors and isles between lab benches shall remain clear of all
obstructions to permit an orderly escape in the event of an
emergency, natural disaster, or an ordered building evacuation.
5.
The maximum number of students in any laboratory shall not
exceed the number of lab stations in said laboratory.
6.
All injuries or accidents shall be reported to the appropriate staff
and EHS / RMS immediately. Accident forms must be filled out and
sent to EHS / RMS within 48 hours.
7.
The dissemination of all relevant / pertinent safety data, chemical
hazard warnings, and waste disposal procedures for each
experiment shall be an integral part of the lab lecture presentation,
or lab book used for each and every experiment in all teaching labs.
Information should be updated as required or needed.
8.
Chemical exposure should be minimized by using all current
methods of PPE available. Since most chemicals used in
laboratories present various types of hazards, users should follow
all generally recommended precautions and any additional
precautions outlined in experimental SOPs at the department level.
Additional precautions may be outlined in the appropriate MSDS or
current referenced protocols. Employees and students are
cautioned against the underestimation of the risks associated with
the use of any chemical.
9.
The consumption of food or drinks in any lab where the use of
hazardous chemicals takes place is prohibited.
10.
Sink or drain disposal of laboratory chemicals, lab solutions or any
lab waste shall not occur until it has been determined that the
chemical, solution or waste is classified as non–hazardous under
all current applicable EPA, CDC, NIH, DEC, and MOA regulations
and policies.
11.
All medical and infectious biological waste shall be autoclaved
(sterilized) as necessary to remove any health hazards for nonlaboratory personnel before discarding as normal trash.
23
Current University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services
Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section, statement
#14 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
12.
Any employee or student that suffers a needle stick or sharps injury
when using a blood borne pathogen or potential blood borne
pathogen must report this to their supervisor or instructor
immediately. Current University policy is outlined in the
Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and
procedures section, statement #14 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
13.
All small spills of any kind should be cleaned up immediately. The
appropriate personnel should be notified immediately in case of
large spills.
14.
Laboratories should be kept in clean and orderly condition.
Equipment and supplies stored in the laboratory should be neatly
organized and not pose any tripping or falling-object hazards, and
not violate current fire codes. The accumulation of trash
(packaging materials) is to be avoided due to fire hazards.
15.
Individuals who pose a danger to themselves or others by being
under the influence of any drug, inhibiting medication or who
become violent or threatening will be removed from any laboratory
by UAA Police. See the current University Incident Action Plan for
employees and students “Disorderly or Disturbed Person” at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/IAPforEmployees-Disorderly.pdf
16.
In the advent of a visible fire or the sound of a building fire alarm,
remain calm and follow your instructor’s directions for evacuating
the building. See the current University Incident Action Plan for
employees and students “Fire Alarm- Academic Building” at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/IAPforEmployees-Alarm.pdf
17.
The use of cell phones, i-pods, Blue Tooth devices etc., while in
attendance of any laboratory class is prohibited except when calling
in an emergency. All cell phones should be placed in the silent or
vibration mode when in any teaching lab to decrease class
disruptions. A call notifying of a family or medical emergency may
be received. Calmly notify your instructor and leave the room to
continue the call.
When making an emergency call the call receiver will need to know:
1. Your name and location (building, room #, building address)
24
2. Nature of emergency (type & severity of injuries)
3. Suspect description and direction of travel (if applicable)
See the current University Incident Action Plan for employees and
students “Calling –In an Emergency” at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/ClssrmPstrGeneric.pdf
18.
In the event of an earthquake remain calm, get under a bench or
stand against an inside wall. Do not stand in a doorway or against
windows. When the shaking stops, check for personal injuries and
ask others if they are injured. Then follow your instructor’s verbal
orders regarding any building evacuation.
During a building evacuation, if time and safety permits, shut off all
electrical devices and stop any chemical procedures. Gather
personal belongings then calmly proceed to exit the building via the
nearest and safest exit. Do not use the elevators. Once outside,
stay at least 50 to 100 feet from any buildings. Do not leave your
class evacuation assembly point until your instructor has personally
accounted for everyone in your class.
See the current University Incident Action Plan for employees and
students “Building Evacuation” at:
(URL to be set up in the near future)
7.2
General Research Laboratory SOPs
1.
Laboratory facilities will be used only by individuals who have the
proper documented qualifications and training.
2.
Emergency eyewash and shower stations are to remain free and
clear of all obstructions so as not to prevent their use when the
need arises.
3.
Exit doors will be clearly marked and show the appropriate escape
route to be used in the event of an emergency, natural disaster, or
an ordered building evacuation.
4.
Exit doors and isles between lab benches shall remain clear of all
obstructions to permit an orderly escape in the event of an
emergency, natural disaster, or an ordered building evacuation.
5.
All injuries or accidents shall be reported to the appropriate staff
and EHS / RMS immediately. Accident forms must be filled out and
sent to EHS / RMS within 48 hours.
25
6.
The dissemination of all relevant / pertinent safety data, chemical
hazard warnings, and waste disposal procedures for all research
shall be an integral part of every lab-specific SOP. Information
should be updated as required or needed.
7.
Chemical exposure should be minimized by using all current
methods of PPE available. Since most chemicals used in
laboratories present various types of hazards, users should follow
all generally recommended precautions and specific guidelines as
outlined in the appropriate MSDS or current referenced protocols.
Employees and students are cautioned against the underestimation
of the risks associated with the use of any chemical.
8.
The consumption of food or drinks in any lab where the use of
hazardous chemicals takes place is prohibited.
9.
Sink or drain disposal of laboratory chemicals, lab solutions or any
lab waste shall not occur until it has been determined that the
chemical, solution or waste is classified as non–hazardous under
all current applicable EPA, CDC, NIH, DEC, and MOA regulations
and policies.
10.
Small spills of any kind should be cleaned up immediately. Lab
support personnel should be notified immediately in case of large
spills.
11.
All medical and infectious biological waste shall be autoclaved
(sterilized) as necessary to remove any health hazards for nonlaboratory personnel before discarding as normal trash.
Current University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services
Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section, statement
#14 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
12.
Any employee (or student?) that suffers a needle stick or sharps
injury when using a blood borne pathogen or potential blood borne
pathogen must report this to their supervisor immediately. Current
University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual,
EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #14 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
13.
Laboratories should be kept in clean and orderly condition.
Equipment and supplies stored in the laboratory should be neatly
organized and not pose any tripping or falling object hazards and
not violate current fire codes. The accumulation of trash
(packaging materials) is to be avoided due to fire hazards.
26
14.
Individuals who pose a danger to themselves or others by being
under the influence of any drug, inhibiting medication or who
become violent or threatening will be removed from any laboratory
by UAA Police. See the current University Incident Action Plan for
employees and students “Disorderly or Disturbed Person” at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/IAPforEmployees-Disorderly.pdf
15.
In the advent of a visible fire or the sound of a building fire alarm
remain calm and follow your PI or supervisor’s directions for
evacuating the building. See the current University Incident Action
Plan for employees and students “Fire Alarm- Academic Building”
at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/IAPforEmployees-Alarm.pdf
16.
When making an emergency call the call receiver will need to know:
1.
Your name and location (building, room #, building address)
2.
Nature of emergency (type & severity of injuries)
3.
Suspect description and direction of travel (if applicable)
See the current University Incident Action Plan for employees and
students “Calling – In an Emergency” at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/Incident%20Action%20Plans/ClssrmPstrGeneric.pdf
17.
In the event of an earthquake remain calm, get under a bench or
stand against an inside wall. Do not stand in a doorway or against
windows. When the shaking stops, check for personal injuries and
ask others if they are injured. Then follow your PI’s / supervisor’s
verbal orders regarding any building evacuation.
During a building evacuation, if time and safety permits, shut off all
electrical devices and stop any chemical procedures. Gather
personal belongings then calmly proceed to exit the building via the
nearest and safest exit. Do not use the elevators. Once outside,
stay at least 50 to 100 feet from any buildings. Do not leave your
class evacuation assembly point until your PI or supervisor has
personally accounted for everyone in your class.
See the current University Incident Action Plan for employees and
students “Building Evacuation” at:
(URL to be set up in the near future)
27
8.
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT & MEDICAL EXAMS
The use of a SFA and strict adherence to general laboratory safety
practices combined with the use of exposure controls is necessary to keep
chemical exposures at safe levels. Exposure risks will increase when any of the
chemicals outlined in sections 5.42 through 5.52 are used.
8.1
Personal Exposure Monitoring
Personal monitoring is conducted by EHS / RMS if there is a reason to
believe an employee or student has been exposed to an OSHA regulated
chemical above the action level or the permissible exposure level.
Personal monitoring is also used to determine the employee’s or student’s
exposure level when using any OSHA regulated chemical if this is deemed
necessary as a safety precaution as in the case of formaldehyde.
Exposure monitoring and remediation may be conducted by other support
groups as coordinated with EHS / RMS. All expenses of exposure control
and monitoring with the exception of medical consultations described in
8.3 below are the responsibility of the departments.
8.2
Frequency of Exposure Monitoring
The initiation, frequency and termination of personal exposure monitoring
will be determined by EHS / RMS in accordance with the current
regulations.
8.3
Medical Examinations and Records
The EHS /RMS department provides and required pre-exposure exams to
individuals before working with any carcinogenic chemical and postexposure medical exam at no cost to the departments or individuals. The
results of any medical examinations will be provided within the time frame
specified under current laws. Current University policy is outlined in the
Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures
section statement #16 at: http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
9.
GENERAL CHEMICAL SOPs
The standard and prudent practices outlined below must be followed to
ensure the safety of employees and students, and minimize the risks associated
with the usage, storage, and handling of chemicals. The use of specialty
chemicals in the research laboratories will be addressed in the lab specific SOPs.
28
9.1
9.2
9.3
Chemical Procurement
1.
Chemicals should be purchased in quantities that will be consumed
in a six-month period or less.
2.
Purchase of chemicals using a University Procard is prohibited
except by individuals who receive special authorization from EHS /
RMS and Procurement Services.
3.
Prior to purchasing any chemical, the current chemical inventory
should be checked to see if the chemical is in stock.
4.
All chemical orders should be placed through the appropriate
personnel.
5.
EHS / RMS must be consulted when ordering any chemicals in
sections 5.41 through 5.52.
Chemical Inventories
1.
All research and teaching labs that use or store chemicals will have
a complete on-line chemical inventory.
2.
Chemical inventories should be updated annually, and track
chemicals from ‘cradle to grave.’
3.
Annual completed chemical inventories are to be submitted to EHS
/ RMS for EPA, DHS, and local emergency response teams for
regulatory compliance and reporting issues.
Chemical Storage and Labeling
1.
Chemical storage is determined by chemical storage code,
chemical class and chemical compatibility. A diagram showing the
storage classification will be displayed in all chemical storage
areas.
2.
Chemical storage facilities should be approved for the type of
chemicals to be stored, such as flammable chemicals in flammable
cabinets, corrosive chemicals in corrosive cabinets, etc.
3.
When using or storing flammable liquids uniform / local building fire
codes, OSHA, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
guidelines will be followed.
29
9.4
4.
The type and size of container used for holding various classes of
flammable liquids will adhere to all applicable OSHA, and NFPA
guidelines, except where hazards warrant smaller sizes.
5.
Flammable chemicals that require refrigeration shall be stored in
explosion-proof refrigerators, or a UL listed flammable liquids
refrigerator. Household refrigerators shall not be used for the
storage of flammable chemicals.
6.
Secondary containment is to be used in addition to any other
required storage facilities, such as 4-liter acid or base bottles and 4liter flammable solvents, etc.
7.
All chemicals should be stored in chemically compatible containers
of an appropriate size depending on the chemical hazards of the
chemical.
8.
All chemicals shall be labeled with the appropriate hazards to
minimize risks and inform the user of the risks and hazards.
9.
When a chemical is transferred to a secondary container it must be
labeled with all of the pertinent safety / hazard data from the
original container.
10.
When transferring large bottles (1 liter through 4 liters) of
hazardous liquids between labs, secondary containment vessels
shall be used (i.e. a rubber boot.)
11.
Chemical waste will be stored separately from other stored
chemicals.
Controlled Substances / p-Listed chemicals
1.
Controlled substances must be stored in a secondary secured lock
box within a limited access controlled area with a sign indicating
‘controlled substance’ storage. Current University policy is outlined
in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and
procedures section, statement #31 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
2.
All p-listed chemicals are to be stored in a secondary secured lock
box within a limited access area and labeled ‘p-listed chemical’
storage.
30
9.5
10.
Shipment of Chemicals
1.
All regulated or hazardous chemicals must be shipped according to
current Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations using an
outside vendor.
2.
The use of an outside vendor is required for the shipping of nonregulated or non-hazardous chemicals to ensure proper packaging
and limited liability in case of an exposure.
3.
For chemicals or newly synthesized compounds for which hazards
are unknown, the compounds should be assumed to be hazardous
and shipment should be done by an outside vendor. Non-regulated
chemicals should also be shipped by an outside vendor because of
liability issues.
Hazardous Waste Disposal
Excellence in research and education is of primary importance at UAA.
To achieve these goals, the EHS / RMS department provides for the disposal of
hazardous chemicals and certain hazardous biological wastes, while assuring the
university’s compliance with all EPA, DEC, Department of Transportation (DOT),
and MOA regulations under a cradle to grave process. Departments and
researchers must abide by the guidelines set forth in this document and comply
with all regulatory requirements for waste generated. Hazardous waste falls into
three categories: biochemical, chemical and radioactive. All hazardous waste
generated by any laboratory will be disposed of in a safe, efficient and sound
ecological manner through EHS / RMS. The University of Alaska is currently
classified as a Conditional Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG) by the
EPA.
Requirements for CESQG under the EPA and 40 CFR 261.5 is shown below:
1.
CESQG must identify all hazardous waste generated.
2.
CESQG generate 100 kg or less of hazardous waste per
month.
3.
CESQG generate 1 kg or less of acutely hazardous waste
per month.
4.
CESQG may not accumulate more than 1000 kg of
hazardous waste at any time.
31
5.
10.1
CESQG ensures that all hazardous waste is delivered to a
person or facility authorized to manage it.
Hazardous Biological Waste
Current hazardous biological waste fall into the following categories listed
below:
1.
Laboratory waste and regulated waste as defined in the
“Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA
Molecules” NIH and the CDC / NIH “Guidelines on Bio-safety
in Microbiological and Bio-medical Laboratories.”
2.
Medical waste is defined as any solid waste which is
generated in the diagnosis, treatment (provision of medical
services), or immunization of human beings or animals and
in all research involving the testing of biological agents
including blood borne pathogens. Current University policy
for blood borne pathogens is outlined in the Administrative
Services Manual, EHS / RMS, policies and procedures
section, statement #17 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
3.
10.2
Pathological waste is defined as the use or study of animals
or their carcasses.
Hazardous Chemical Waste
Hazardous chemical waste includes discarded commercial chemical
products, and waste generated by all chemical processes used in any
laboratory. Any chemical or chemical mixture listed by the EPA is a
hazardous waste. A chemical or chemical mixture that is not listed by the
EPA, but has any one or more of the following hazardous characteristics is
considered hazardous waste: ignitable, corrosive, reactive or toxic.
1.
Sink disposal of chemicals should be used only for those
chemicals, solutions, and water soluble mixtures that have
been determined to be non-hazardous to the environment.
2.
Disposal of insoluble chemicals, mixtures, or other types of
solids may be disposed of as normal trash after they have
been determined to be non-hazardous to the environment.
These items are to be double bagged to prevent spillage
when handled by cleaning personnel.
32
10.3
3.
Any chemical that is unsuited for use or becomes out dated
will be disposed of as chemical waste through EHS / RMS.
4.
Release of di minimis (minimal) quantities of hazardous
materials from the rinsing or washing of glassware is
allowed. However, the dilution of larger volumes in an
attempt to use the above statement for disposal is illegal.
5.
All chemicals not declared hazardous waste by the EPA, but
their MSDS information indicates ‘harmful to aquatic
environment,’ may have DEC and MOA regulations
regarding their disposal and should be considered
hazardous.
6.
Hazardous waste generation is to be minimized through the
use of ‘green’ chemistry, and through the use of modern
protocols and technology-aided techniques.
Hazardous Radioactive Waste
The Radiation Safety Committee and RSO are responsible for complying
with the NRC regulations for disposal of all radioactive wastes.
11.
SAFETY TRAINING AND INFORMATION
The adoption of a SFA requires employee training to be ongoing
throughout the employee’s career. The objective of the training is to inform all
employees or students of the associated physical and chemical hazards they
may encounter when working with hazardous chemicals, performing hazardous
procedures or using hazardous equipment. This training is also necessary for
those non-laboratory individuals who upon entering any teaching or research lab
might be exposed to a hazardous chemical or an ongoing hazardous procedure.
All employees are required to attend college level and department-level safety
training presentations annually. The two types of training required are general
training and specific training.
11.1
General (Teaching & Research) Employee Training
1.
The training of an employee should take place immediately upon
hire, annually, and prior to the teaching of any laboratory class or
starting a research project. Training must occur for any current
33
employee initiating a new laboratory procedure, a new exposure
situation or operating new or unfamiliar laboratory equipment.
11.2
2.
All safety training for each employee shall be documented and the
documents held for 30 years after employment ends.
3.
Employee training should cover the university CHP, departmental
CHP, lab specific SOPs, and university emergency procedures as
applicable based on individual work assignments.
4.
Any employee that teaches a lab should be trained / informed of the
associated physical health risks and chemical hazards for each
experiment in the course they are instructing.
5.
Lab instructors should be trained / informed about the proper use of
specialized laboratory equipment that will be used during the lab
course to ensure the safe operation of lab equipment and minimize
damage.
6.
Training will be done annually and at the discretion of the EHS /
RMS and is dependent on regulation changes, updated information,
occurrence of accidents, and the legal requirements of the lab.
Specific (Teaching & Research) Employee Training
1.
Faculty lab instructors, lab coordinators, and research PIs are
responsible for addressing or reviewing the chemical hazards
specific to the employees teaching or work assignment.
2.
Faculty lab instructors, lab coordinators, and research PIs are
responsible for addressing or reviewing all relevant lab specific
SOPs to the employees teaching or work assignment.
3.
Faculty lab instructors, lab coordinators, and research PIs are
responsible for addressing or reviewing the building safety
procedures or information specific to the employee’s teaching or
work assignment.
4.
Faculty lab instructors or lab coordinators and research PIs are
responsible for addressing or reviewing the equipment operational
hazards specific to the employee’s teaching or work assignment.
34
11.3
12.
Information (Teaching & Research) Employees
1.
Employees shall be informed and shown the location of the UAA
CHP, any departmental CHP, and lab specific SOP.
2.
Employees shall be informed and shown the location of reference
materials on the hazards, storage, and handling of chemicals as
related to their work assignments.
3.
Employees shall be shown the location of personnel protective
equipment and trained in the selection of appropriate PPE as
given in the UAA and departmental CHPs or lab specific SOPs as
related to their work assignments.
4.
Employees shall be shown the location of and trained on the
reading, interpretation and understanding of material safety data
sheets (MSDS) as related to their work assignments.
5.
Employees shall be informed of the permissible exposure limits for
all OSHA regulated substances that they may use or come in
contact with prior to initiating work. For those hazardous
substances not regulated by OSHA, employees will be informed of
the recommended exposure limits.
6.
Employees shall be informed of the signs and symptoms
associated with an exposure to a hazardous chemical as related to
their work assignments.
Working Autonomously
Working autonomously is defined as a student or employee who writes /
proposes an independent research project that is funded by the university
through an award, or from some outside funding agency or by the writer /
proposer. All research projects of this type are to have a review by an
appropriate PI based on the area of research and a review by EHS / RMS and
the appropriate Faculty or Student Review Committee. The reviewing PI and the
independent researcher are responsible for ensuring the following:
12.1
Working Autonomously
1.
The independent researcher has a written document covering the
scope of their proposed work.
35
13.
2.
The independent researcher must notify in writing the PI and EHS /
RMS when changing the written scope of their work.
3.
The independent researcher prepares SOPs and performs
literature searches relevant to safety and health hazards
appropriate for their proposed work.
4.
The PI provides the appropriate oversight, training and safety
information to ensure the individuals safety and the safety of all
others in the lab in which the project is going to be completed.
5.
For safety and security reasons, undergraduates working with
hazardous operations must receive special authorization from
department heads, deans, and directors along with EHS / RMS
authorization. The same authorization chain must be followed for
undergraduates to receive key or code access to labs and buildings
off-hours.
Working Unsupervised
Working unsupervised is defined as any student or employee working
alone after normal building hours or on weekends (no other persons are present
or directly available to respond in an emergency situation) when in any laboratory
using hazardous chemicals or hazardous equipment. This situation requires a
complete risk / hazard liability assessment by the PI and EHS / RMS covering the
training of the student or employee in relationship to the work to be performed.
13.1
Working Unsupervised
1.
All unsupervised individuals must be trained to ensure the work to
be performed is done safely.
2.
At least two people should be working in separate laboratories in
the same building and perform a periodic visual check to assure
personal safety.
3.
Prior to leaving, the individuals should inform each other and all
work should stop. No one person should perform hazardous work
alone.
4.
Work using acutely hazardous or acutely toxic substances should
not be performed by people working alone.
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14.
Equipment Operation
The operation of all laboratory equipment should follow all recommended
safety precautions prescribed by the manufacturer as well as any additional
safety precautions warranted by the use of standard and prudent practices
outlined in any lab-specific SOP. Equipment examples include: gas
chromatographs, centrifuges, NMRs, UV spectrophotometers, ICP instruments,
ASE instruments, hplc instruments, mass spectrophotometers, gas generators,
vacuum pumps, roto-evaporators, shakers, freezers, refrigerators etc.
Individuals should be aware of the hazards the equipment may pose
including high voltage (electrical), high pressure, fluid hazards and mechanical
part hazards.
Equipment that may fall under OSHA authority due to required safety
devices such as belt guards must comply with these regulations as well.
15.
Emergency Situations and Evacuations
Emergency situations can occur from natural disasters such as
earthquake, volcanic eruptions, and severe storms, or manmade events such as
accidental, biological, chemical, radiological spills, terrorist attack, medical
emergency, etc. All situations will be assessed with regard to the level of threat
to individual life or health.
Any employee who is injured as a result of actions occurring during a curse and
scope of their employment and the injury requires treatment by a professional
health care provider (short of first aid), must complete a report of occupational
injury and illness form (workers compensation) and submit it to the System Office
of Risk Services through their own departments administrative assistant. The
Employee has the right to choose their own health care provider except in cases
involving chemical exposure evaluations which must be done through the
Universities contract Physician with EHS / RMS written approval.
Students on the other hand, are responsible for their own insurance needs. If
qualifying, students should be directed to the student health clinic for relatively
minor injuries. Keep in mind that students who are currently employed by the
University and are injured during the course and scope of employment are
covered by workers compensation.
15.1
Non-life threatening accidents
15.11 Non-chemical Burns
1.
Depending on the severity of burn, escort the individual to
the student Health Center for evaluation.
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2.
Fill out an accident report.
15.12 Cuts
1.
Use appropriate bandages from the first aid kit.
2.
Depending on the severity of the cut, or if the possibility of
imbedded glass or foreign materials exists escort the injured
person to Student Health Center for evaluation.
3.
Fill out an accident report.
15.13 Chemical Burns Eyes
1.
Immediately rinse eyes with copious amounts of water (for at
least 15 minutes) at the eye wash station. Assist the person
in holding their eyes open if needed.
2.
Immediately call 6-4911, campus police.
3.
Fill out an accident report.
15.14 Chemical Burns Skin < 10 % area
1.
Immediately rinse the affected area with copious amounts of
water (for at least 15 minutes) at the safety shower / eye
wash station.
2.
Escort the student to Student Health Center for evaluation.
3.
Fill out an accident report.
15.15 Chemical Burns Skin >10 % area
Simultaneously perform the following functions using volunteers of
the same gender as the injured party:
1.
Immediately escort the affected student to the safety shower
/ eye wash station. Inform the injured person of the
possibility that they must remove their clothing for
appropriate treatment. Ensure the injured person is rinsed
with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
2.
All other students should be instructed to leave the
laboratory. One student should call 6-4911, campus police.
3.
One same-gender volunteer should shut down all equipment
(hot plates etc.), and experiments and then leave the room.
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4.
Provide bath towels and a robe for the injured person and
wait for emergency personnel to arrive while encouraging
the victim to remain calm.
5.
Fill out an accident report.
15.2
All life threatening accidents involving employees or students including
any major cut, uncontrolled bleeding, epileptic seizures, and fainting with
possible head injury, etc., requires an immediate call to 6-4911 campus
police.
15.3
Small Chemical Spills (< 4 L non-flammable)
Most chemical spills in the teaching labs can be handled by the instructor
and appropriate personnel using the spill kits in each lab. Consult an
MSDS if necessary. Know the spill and first aid procedures prior to
commencing work with hazardous chemicals and procedures.
15.4
1.
Determine the type of chemical spill and use appropriate
items from a chemical spill kit.
2.
Clean up the spill and hand over materials to the appropriate
personnel for disposal.
Large Chemical Spills (> 4 L flammable, corrosive)
It may be necessary to evacuate the area depending on the class of the
flammable liquid and other chemical hazards. Notify the appropriate
personnel of the spill. Appropriate personnel will follow the steps below to
contain and clean up the spill. Consult an MSDS if necessary.
15.5
1.
Dike (surround) the spill with absorbent pigs. Then
determine the flammable class of the spilled chemical and
other chemical hazards. Open windows if possible. Do not
throw any electrical switches as these may spark providing
an ignition source for the vapors.
2.
Clean up the spill and deliver materials to EHS / RMS for
disposal.
Natural Disasters or Emergency Building Evacuation
In the event of an emergency evacuation for any reason, employees
should activate the building fire alarm system and contact UPD at 6-4911.
In the advent of an injury, first aid to an employee is covered under the
Current University policy outlined in the Administrative Services Manual,
EHS / RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #6 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
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During any natural disaster situation or emergency / accident, EHS / RMS
will determine that any building or any portion thereof is not safe for
occupancy. The evacuation will be coordinated by EHS / RMS. Current
University policy is outlined in the Administrative Services Manual, EHS /
RMS, policies and procedures section, statement #5 at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/TOCPolicies.htm
Additional emergency information can be found at:
http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/UAA%20Emergency%20Procedures%20Poster.pdf
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References
1.
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories. Department of
Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR Part 1910.1450,
Federal Register, Washington, DC, January 31, 1990 ‘Laboratory Standard.’
2.
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, Handling and Disposal of Chemicals,
Natural Research Council, National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1995.
3.
Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 6th ed. American Chemical Society,
Washington, DC, 1995.
4.
Handbook of Chemical Safety, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,
2001.
5.
Standard University CHP
6.
Michigan State University Waste Disposal Guide
7.
UAA EHS / RMS Policies and Procedures
8.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, National Fire Protection Association,
Quincy, MA, 1996 NFPA 30.
9.
Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA, 1996 NFPA 45.
10.
University of Vermont CHP
11.
University of Pennsylvania CHP
12.
UAA Biological Department CHP
13.
University of Vermont CHP
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