Intro to Chemistry Summative Study Guide Ch 3 and 4
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. The word atom comes from a Greek word that means “unable to be ____________________.”
2. The first person who suggested that matter was made up of atoms was the Greek philosopher
____________________.
3. John Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms of the same ____________________ are exactly alike.
4. Most atoms have equal numbers of ____________________ and ____________________.
5. An element’s average atomic mass refers to the weighted average of the masses of all of its naturally
occurring ____________________.
6. The ____________________ in ____________________ of 1 mole of a substance equals its molar mass.
7.
The first theory of atoms, proposed by ____________________, suggested that the universe was made of
units that could not be divided.
8. The nucleus of an atom has a(n) ____________________ electric charge.
9. Bohr’s model of the atom compares electrons with ____________________.
10. Isotopes of an element have the same atomic ____________________ but different atomic
____________________.
11. An atom gains energy by absorbing a light particle called a(n) ____________________.
12. Thomson’s cathode-ray tube experiment supported the theory that ____________________ exist inside an
atom.
13. Rutherford’s gold-foil experiment revealed that an atom’s positive charge is concentrated in the atom’s
____________________.
14. The first person who suggested that matter was made up of atoms was the Greek philosopher
____________________.
15. Neutrons and protons are found in the ____________________ of an atom.
16. According to modern atomic theory, the exact location of a(n) ____________________ is uncertain.
17. An atom of potassium has an atomic mass of 39 u and an atomic number of 19. It therefore has
____________________ neutrons in its nucleus.
18. When an atom gains or loses energy, ____________________ jump between energy levels.
19. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by _________________________, which are located in
the atom’s outer energy level.
20. The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is made of particles whose speed is dependent on their
______________________________.
21. The law of conservation of mass states that _____________________________________________.
22. The kinetic theory states that the particles in matter are always in ____________________.
23. The kinetic theory states that, at the same ____________________, heavier particles move more slowly than
lighter particles.
24. A solid holds its shape because its structure is ____________________.
25. As energy is added to a solid substance, the atoms _________________________ and move apart.
26. When water ____________________, energy is released.
27. Ice cubes left in the freezer for several months will become smaller because of ____________________.
28. Energy may be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be ____________________.
29. Wood floats on water because ___________________________________.
30. A liquid has a definite volume, but no definite ____________________.
31. The ____________________ theory of matter states that matter is made of particles whose speed is
dependent on their temperature and size.
32. The most common state of matter in the universe is ____________________.
33. Thomson’s study of cathode rays revealed that atoms contained negatively charged particles called
____________________.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. orbital
c. photon
b. valence electron
d. excited state
____
____
____
____
34.
35.
36.
37.
found in the outer energy level of an atom
where electrons are likely to be found in an atom
unit or quantum of light
what happens to an electron when it gains energy
Match each item to the correct statement below.
a. solid
c. gas
b. liquid
d. plasma
____
____
____
____
38.
39.
40.
41.
The particles can slide past each other, but are still packed together.
The particles have broken down and become ionized.
The particles are in a rigid, fixed structure.
The particles are in constant motion and rarely stick together.
Short Answer
42. List the six changes of state.
43. List the three main points of the kinetic theory of matter.
Intro to Chemistry Summative Study Guide Ch 3 and 4
Answer Section
COMPLETION
1. ANS: divided
PTS: 1
2. ANS: Democritus
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
3. ANS: element
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
4. ANS: protons; electrons
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.2
5. ANS: isotopes
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
6. ANS: mass; grams
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
7. ANS: Democritus
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
8. ANS: positive
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.2
9. ANS: planets
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
10. ANS: number, masses
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.2
11. ANS: photon
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
12. ANS: electrons
DIF: 1
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
13. ANS: nucleus
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 4
14. ANS: Democritus
PTS: 1
15. ANS: nucleus
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.2
16. ANS: electron
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
17. ANS: 20
DIF: 1
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.2
18. ANS: electrons
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
19. ANS: valence electrons
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
20. ANS: mass and temperature
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
21. ANS: mass can be neither created nor destroyed
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.1| SC.HS.4.6.4
22. ANS: motion
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
23. ANS: temperature
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
24. ANS: rigid
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3
25. ANS: vibrate faster
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.4
26. ANS: freezes
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.4
27. ANS: sublimation
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.4
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
28. ANS:
created
destroyed
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.1| SC.HS.4.6.4
29. ANS: it is less dense than water
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
30. ANS: shape
DIF: 1
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3
31. ANS: kinetic
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
32. ANS: plasma
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3
33. ANS: electrons
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
MATCHING
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
B
2
A
1
C
3
D
3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
B
2
D
2
A
2
C
2
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
DIF: 1
REF: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
1
SC.HS.1.1.3
1
SC.HS.1.1.3
1
SC.HS.1.1.3
1
SC.HS.1.1.3
SHORT ANSWER
42. ANS:
melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
STA: SC.HS.1.1.3| SC.HS.4.6.4
43. ANS:
Matter behaves as if made of tiny particles. These particles are always in motion, and their speeds depend on
the temperature of the substance and the size of the particle.
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
OBJ: 1