Chapter 5 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Figure 5-4
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1. Based on Figure 5-4, what general trend exists for first ionization energy across a period, from left to right?
a. Ionization energy increases.
b. Ionization energy decreases.
c. Ionization energy remains fairly constant.
d. Ionization energy first increases, then decreases.
2. Based on Figure 5-4, what general trend exists for first ionization energy down a group?
a. Ionization energy increases.
b. Ionization energy decreases.
c. Ionization energy remains fairly constant.
d. Ionization energy first increases, then decreases.
3. In Figure 5-4, which group tends to have the highest ionization energy? The lowest?
a. halogens; alkaline earth metals
c. alkali metals; noble gases
b. alkaline earth metals; halogens
d. noble gases; alkali metals
4. In Figure 5-4, which period tends to have the highest ionization energy? The lowest?
a. 1; 4
c. 2; 3
b. 4; 1
d. 3; 2
5. To which group of the periodic table do the alkali metals belong?
a. 10
c. 2
b. 1
d. 17
6. To which group of the periodic table do the alkaline earth metals belong?
a. 11
c. 2
b. 1
d. 7
7. Which of the following is the typical charge on the ions formed by the alkali metals?
a. 1–
c. 2–
b. 1+
d. 2+
8. Which of the following is the typical charge on the ions formed by the alkaline earth metals?
a. 1–
c. 1+
b. 2
d. 2+
9. Which of the following is not an alkaline earth metal?
a. cesium
c. barium
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b. calcium
d. beryllium
10. The most reactive element is
a. sodium.
c. oxygen.
b. chlorine.
d. fluorine.
11. The least reactive elements are the
a. transition metals.
c. noble gases.
b. lanthanides.
d. alkali metals.
12. The element that appears with the Group 1 elements but is not a metal is
a. cesium.
c. helium.
b. lithium.
d. hydrogen.
13. Atomic size generally ____.
a. increases as you move from left to right across a period
b. decreases as you move from top to bottom within a group
c. remains constant within a period
d. decreases as you move from left to right across a period
14. What element in the second period has the largest atomic radius?
a. carbon
c. potassium
b. lithium
d. neon
15. What is the charge of a cation?
a. a positive charge
b. no charge
c. a negative charge
d. The charge depends on the size of the nucleus.
Completion
Complete each statement.
16. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by _________________________, which are located in the atom’s outer energy
level.
17. The order of elements in the periodic table is based on the number of ____________________ in the nucleus.
18. The most familiar semiconductor, ____________________, is one of the most abundant elements in Earth’s crust.
19. Neon is an inert gas because its outer _________________________ is full of electrons.
20. Group 17 halogens form compounds by gaining an electron to become _________________________.
21. Elements that are usually shiny are ____________________.
22. The elements in a family in the periodic table have similar ____________________ and ____________________ properties.
23. One of the important ideas about Mendeleev’s periodic table was that he predicted new ____________________.
24. The ______________________________ are located in the center of the periodic table.
25. Noble gases are nonreactive gaseous elements that are located in Group ____________________ in the periodic table.
26. The valence electron of a lithium atom is easily removed to form a lithium ____________________ with a charge of 1+.
27. Group 1 of the periodic table consists of the _________________________, a highly reactive group of elements.
28. The ____________________ are reactive elements in Group 17 in the periodic table.
29. Six elements called _________________________, or _________________________, are not metals but have some properties of
metals.
30. When atoms form bonds and fill their outermost energy levels, they have an electronic arrangement similar to that of a(n)
____________________.
31. Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and ____________________.
32. The elements cesium (Cs), Barium (Ba), and lutetium (Lu) appear from left to right in Period 6 of the periodic table. Among these
elements, the most reactive is ____________________.
33. Element 3, lithium, has one valence electron, and element 4, beryllium, has two valence electrons. Element 5, boron, has
____________________ valence electrons.
34. The two most reactive groups of elements in the periodic table are the alkali metals and the ____________________.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. electronegativity
b. ionization energy
c. atomic radius
d. metal
e. transition metal
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35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
periodic law
cation
period
group
electrons
horizontal row in the periodic table
vertical column in the periodic table
A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current
type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital
one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined
type of ion formed by Group 2A elements
subatomic particles that are transferred to form positive and negative ions
ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Essay
45. Explain how knowing the element lithium's oxidation number (1 +) helps to determine what compounds it will form.
46. Explain the difference between fluorine's oxidation number (1 -) and its number of valence electrons (7).
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 5-2
47. Using Tables and Graphs Which of the elements shown in Figure 5-2 are in the same period?
48. Classifying Which element in Figure 5-2 is a transition metal? Which is a noble gas?
49. Using Tables and Graphs Which elements in Figure 5-2 have the same number of valence electrons? How do you know?
Figure 5-3
50. Classifying Classify the elements in Figure 5-3 as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals. Explain your answer.
51. Inferring Identify the most reactive element shown in Figure 5-3. Explain your answer.
Chapter 5 Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
A
B
D
A
B
C
B
D
A
A
C
D
D
6.3.1
B
6.3.1
A
6.3.2
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
OBJ:
1
DIF:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.5
1
DIF:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.5
1
DIF:
5E 5.f
5E 5.f
5E 5.f
5E 5.f
6F 6.a
6F 6.a
6F 6.a
6F 6.a
6F 6.a
6F 6.e
6F 6.e
6F 6.g
L2
REF:
p. 171
L2
REF:
p. 171
L1
REF:
p. 172
COMPLETION
16. ANS:
valence electrons
PTS:
17. ANS:
1
protons
DIF:
1
REF:
3
OBJ:
2
PTS:
STA:
18. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
silicon
DIF:
1
REF:
1
OBJ:
2
PTS:
STA:
19. ANS:
1
DIF:
2
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
energy level
REF:
3
OBJ:
4
PTS:
STA:
20. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
negative ions
DIF:
1
REF:
3
OBJ:
3
PTS:
STA:
21. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
metals
DIF:
1
REF:
3
OBJ:
3
PTS:
STA:
22. ANS:
1
DIF:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
physical; chemical
REF:
2
OBJ:
3
PTS:
STA:
23. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
elements
DIF:
2
REF:
3
OBJ:
1
PTS:
24. ANS:
1
DIF:
transition metals
1
REF:
1
OBJ:
1
PTS:
STA:
25. ANS:
1
DIF:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
18
REF:
3
OBJ:
2
PTS:
STA:
26. ANS:
ion
cation
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
DIF:
1
REF:
3
OBJ:
3
PTS:
STA:
27. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
alkali metals
DIF:
1
REF:
2
OBJ:
2
PTS:
STA:
28. ANS:
1
DIF:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
halogens
REF:
3
OBJ:
2
PTS:
STA:
29. ANS:
1
DIF:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1
semiconductors; metalloids
REF:
3
OBJ:
3
PTS:
STA:
30. ANS:
1
DIF:
1
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
noble gas
REF:
3
OBJ:
4
PTS:
STA:
31. ANS:
1
SC.HS.1.1.7
metalloids
DIF:
1
REF:
2
OBJ:
1
PTS:
BLM:
32. ANS:
1
knowledge
cesium (Cs)
DIF:
L1
OBJ:
5.2.3
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
PTS:
BLM:
33. ANS:
1
comprehension
three
DIF:
L2
OBJ:
5.2.4
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
PTS:
BLM:
34. ANS:
1
knowledge
halogens
DIF:
L1
OBJ:
5.3.1
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
PTS:
BLM:
1
knowledge
DIF:
L1
OBJ:
5.3.2
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
H
6.1.1
I
6.1.1
F
6.1.1
D
6.1.3
E
6.2.2
C
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
STA:
PTS:
1
DIF:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
1
DIF:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
1
DIF:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.4
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 157
L1
REF:
p. 157
L1
REF:
p. 157
L1
REF:
p. 158
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 166
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 170
MATCHING
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
6.3.1
G
6.3.2
J
6.3.2
A
6.3.3
B
6.3.3
STA:
PTS:
SC.HS.1.1.1| SC.HS.1.1.5
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 172
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 172
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 177
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
REF:
p. 173
ESSAY
45. ANS:
The oxidation number indicates how many electrons are lost, gained, or shared when bonding occurs. Lithium will try to combine with
one other atom or group of atoms with an opposite charge to become electrically neutral.
PTS:
1
DIF:
intermediate
REF: chapter 19 | section 19.2
46. ANS:
Fluorine contains seven valence electrons. It needs one more electron to complete its octet. The oxidation number indicates fluorine
will gain or share one electron when it combines with another atom to become a more stable compound.
PTS:
1
DIF:
intermediate
REF:
chapter 19 | section 19.2
DIF:
L1
OBJ:
5.2.1
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
PTS:
1
DIF:
L1
OBJ:
BLM: knowledge
49. ANS:
F and I; they are in the same group in the periodic table.
5.2.3
STA:
SC-HS-1.1.1
OTHER
47. ANS:
Be, C, N, and F
PTS:
BLM:
48. ANS:
V; He
1
knowledge
PTS:
1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 5.3.1
STA: SC-HS-1.1.1
BLM: comprehension
50. ANS:
These elements are all metals. The elements in Groups 1A and 2A are the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, respectively. The
elements in Groups 3B and 4B are transition metals.
PTS:
1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 5.2.3
STA: SC-HS-1.1.1
BLM: comprehension
51. ANS:
Rb is the most reactive element shown. Group 1A alkali metals are the most reactive metals, and the reactivity of elements in Group
1A increases from top to bottom.
PTS:
STA:
1
SC-HS-1.1.1
DIF:
BLM:
L2
comprehension
OBJ:
5.2.4 | 5.3.1 | 5.3.2