WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION EXECUTIVE COUNCIL PANEL OF EXPERTS ON POLAR AND HIGH MOUNTAIN OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCH AND SERVICES Sixth session Reykjavik, Iceland, 8 - 11 September 2015 EC-PHORS-6/Doc.3.2(2) Submitted by: T. Jung, M. Sparrow Date: 13 August 2015 AGENDA ITEM:3.2 RESEARCH WWRP Polar Prediction Project and WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (Submitted by International Coordination Office for Polar Prediction, and WCRP Planning Office) SUMMARY This document is a joint progress report on the WWRP Polar Prediction Project (PPP) and the WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (PCPI) since the report of the EC-PORS-5 meeting (Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 February 2014). ISSUES TO BE DISCUSSED: To note progress on the WWRP Polar Prediction Project, the short-term prediction research component of GIPPS and the complementary WCRP Polar Climate Initiative that is the longer-term prediction component of GIPPS. DECISIONS/ACTIONS REQUIRED: To note and comment as appropriate on the progress of the WWRP Polar Prediction Project and the WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative To provide guidance for the further development of the YOPP, including proposed revisions of the Implementation Plan, in consideration of the outcomes of the YOPP Summit To seek assistance in promoting and maintaining momentum in these initiatives To identify ways how GIPPS in general, and YOPP in particular can be brought to the attention of national and international funding agencies, including mobilization of resources for the PPP and PCPI Trust Funds. REFERENCES: 1. Canziani, P.O., A. O'Neill, R. Schofield, M. Raphael, G. J. Marshall, and G. Redaelli, 2014: World Climate Research Programme Special Workshop on Climatic Effects of Ozone Depletion in the Southern Hemisphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, ES101– ES105. 2. Jung, T., F. Doblas-Reyes, H. Goessling, V. Guemas, C. Bitz, C. Buontempo, R. EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Caballero, E. Jakobson, J. Jungclaus, M. Karcher, T. Koenigk, D. Matei, J. Overland, T. Spengler, and S. Yang, 2015: Polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00018.1, in press. Raphael, M.N., G.J. Marshall, J. Turner, R. Fogt, D. Schneider, D.A. Dixon, J.S. Hosking, J.M. Jones, W.R. Hobbs, 2015: The Amundsen Sea low: Variability change and impact on Antarctic Climate, Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00121.1, in press. Stroeve, J, Blanchard-Wrigglesworth E, Guemas, V. Howell, S. Massonnet, F, and Tietsche, S, 2015: Improving predictions of Arctic sea ice extent, EOS, 96, doi:10.1029/2015EO031431 Swart, N. C., J. C. Fyfe, E. Hawkins, J.E. Kay and A. Jahn, 2015: Influence of internal variability on Arctic sea-ice trends, Nature Climate Change, 5, 86-89. WMO, 2014: WWRP Polar Prediction Project - Implementation Plan for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), WWRP/PPP No. 3 – 2014, 53pp., available via PPP Website WMO, 2015 (in production): Meeting Report of the WWRP Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) Summit, 13-15 July 2015, Geneva, Switzerland, WWRP/PPP No. 4 – 2015, available via PPP Website EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 3 WWRP Polar Prediction Project and WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative 1. WWRP Polar Prediction Project (PPP), including Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) Introduction 1.1 There has been a great deal of progress on the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), a key initiative of the Polar Prediction Project (PPP). This document includes developments since EC-PORS-5 (Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 February 2014). Further information including reports of the Steering Group, the YOPP Planning Meetings, the YOPP Summit (Geneva, Switzerland, 13-15 July 2015), as well as news of ongoing related news and developments, can be found at the PPP Website: www.polarprediction.net 1.2 The YOPP Implementation Plan (version 1.0) was finalised, published by WMO and released externally in October 2014 (available at PPP Website). There will be modifications and updates to parts of the Plan to take into account of recommendations and other outcomes from the YOPP Summit (July 2015), and in particularly its updated Activity Contribution Table of planned contributions to YOPP that satisfy the endorsement criteria. A version 2.0 is expected to be completed by the end of 2015. 1.3 Some changes have taken place in the membership of the PPP Steering Group. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by the parting members, including: Marika Holland and Francesco Doblas-Reyes, and warmly welcome the new members, who include: Alexander Makshtas, Matthieu Chevallier and Qinghua Yang. An updated list is found in Annex 1 of this document, as well as at PPP Website, at the “Steering Group” tab. 1.4 Helge Goessling was appointed Director of the PPP International Coordination office (ICO) on 1st October 2014. He joined Thomas Jung, chairperson of the PPP Steering Group, and Stefanie Klebe at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany. Neil Gordon continued to support the ICO as a consultant until July 2015. At WMO, Paolo Ruti was appointed as Chief of the World Weather Research Division in mid-2014, and became responsible for the PPP. In early 2015, Peter Chen commenced his support to the YOPP planning as a WMO consultant. PPP Steering Group (SG) and YOPP Planning Meetings 1.5 The YOPP Planning Group held its second meeting (YPM-2) that focussed on observations, was hosted by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (Helsinki, Finland, 8 April 2014). It was held in close association with the Arctic Science Summit Week, and Arctic Observing Summit. The main purpose of the meeting was to gain feedback on the observational aspects of the then current draft YOPP Implementation Plan, and to work towards more detailed and concrete contributions to YOPP’s observational components. Among other things, the meeting: Reviewed and provided input to the Implementation Plan; Had a series of presentations from partners about their activities and possible contributions to YOPP: o Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) /CryoNet EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 4 o Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observation System (SIOS) o International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) o Ice, Climate, and Economics – Arctic Research on Change (ICE-ARC) o International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) o MOSAiC o Met Office UK o British Antarctic Survey (BAS) o Met Norway o Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russia o National Institute of Polar Research (NiPR), Japan o NOAA In addition to YPM-2, Thomas Jung participated as a member of a panel on stakeholders in the Arctic Observing System, and at a Town Hall Meeting on the Polar Prediction Project on 9 April following the YPM-2. 1.6 The fifth Steering Group meeting (SG-5), including the third YOPP Planning Meeting (YPM-3), was held in Montreal, Canada, 21-23 August 2014. It was stressed that the project was moving into a new phase, from its first phase dedicated to drafting plans and documents (Implementation Plan, Science Plan, YOPP Plan, White Papers, etc.), to focus more strongly on promoting and implementing the plans. Another important aspect of this new phase is to ensure alignment and coordination with other activities. The full report of SG-5 can be found on the PPP Website, under the “Document/Report” tab. 1.7 The sixth Steering Group meeting (SG-6, Geneva, Switzerland, 15-16 July 2015) was held immediately following the YOPP Summit. Chairperson Thomas Jung outlined that the main goal was to analyse and draw from the presentations and discussions that took place during the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) Summit, and to decide on urgent actions and follow-up steps. Discussions focused on the following main issue themes: Intensive Observing Periods, MOSAiC, YOPP Endorsement Process, Strengthening the Antarctic Component, Pre-YOPP Subcommittees and Workshops, Rolling Review of Requirements (Observations), and Keeping the Momentum from the Summit. The PPP’s three High Priority Activities were also reviewed, including on: Sea-ice prediction, Education, and Societal-Economic Research and Application (PPP-SERA). The meeting report can be found on the PPP Website, under the “Document/Report” tab. 1.8 The seventh meeting of the Steering Group is planned to take place 23-25 May 2016. At the kind invitation of China, it will be convened at the National Marine and Environmental Forecasting Centre (NMEFC), Beijing, China. YOPP Summit, Geneva, Switzerland, 13-15 July 2015 1.9 The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) Summit was attended by 120 participants from 23 nations, including scientists, stakeholders, as well as representatives from operational weather and climate prediction centres, international bodies and funding agencies. The Summit represented a major high-level event in the further planning of the YOPP. Opening statements were made by WMO representatives including David Grimes, President of WMO, and Thomas Jung, the chairperson of the WWRP Polar Prediction Project Steering Group, on the strategic and global relevance of enhanced polar predictive capacity, as well as the present level of planning as outlined in the YOPP Implementation Plan. This was followed by a number of keynote presentations in the following YOPP key areas: EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 5 User-relevant aspects, YOPP observing component, YOPP modelling, data assimilation and forecasting component, YOPP data component, and YOPP education and outreach component, A total of 26 representatives from partners such as international programmes, institutions and space agencies presented their support for, and expectations of YOPP, made suggestions on how they could contribute, and provided specific recommendations. These presentations were followed by discussions and formulation of recommendations in breakout groups (BOG) on the above-noted YOPP key areas along with the additional topic of YOPP funding. The Summit finished with a plenary session that included statements from funding agencies, the presentation of BOG reports, and a general discussion on major issues and actions required. It was also highlighted that the outcomes of the Summit will be used to update the YOPP Implementation Plan (from version 1.0 to 2.0) in autumn 2015. The Summit was closed following a short wrap-up and a brief overview of the next step including and outline of the post-Summit process. Immediately following the Summit, the sixth meeting of the PPP Steering Group was held at WMO Headquarters, to analyse and consider the key issues and follow-up. The comprehensive meeting report of the YOPP Summit, including its recommendations, is available via the PPP Website. Other Related Activities 1.10 The members of the PPP Steering Group, and the International Coordination Office actively participated in various activities and events, to both seek important international and national partners, and promote collaboration in the PPP, particularly in the planning of YOPP. Workshops and dedicated sessions were convened, as well as educational and outreach related events were conducted. Future activities are being planned, which are posted on the PPP Website at the “News” tab. These activities are briefly described in Annex 2 of this document. 2. WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (PCPI) http://www.climate-cryosphere.org/wcrp/pcpi Introduction 2.1 The WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (PCPI) aims to advance understanding of the sources of polar climate predictability on timescales ranging from seasonal to multi-decadal. Polar predictability stems from the unique persistence of signals in ice and snow and through exchange with the ocean at all depths and with the stratosphere. PCPI is concerned with the success of modelling and observing the rapid changes seen in the Arctic and the mixed, slow and fast changes occurring in the Antarctic. PCPI is investigating the role of the poles in global climate and prediction. 2.2 An implementation plan for PCPI arose from a pair of workshops in 2010 and 2012, defining six themes. The WCRP JSC agreed to designate PCPI as a sub-initiative of the EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 6 “Melting Ice and Global Consequences” Grand Challenge: A cross-cutting Initiative, with especially close ties to CliC and SPARC. Two champions were chosen for each of the six themes (see 2.5) to comprise a PCPI leadership committee, which began organizing activities in 2013. Half of the PCPI themes are joint with its sister programme, the Polar Prediction Project (PPP) of the WWRP, which focuses on similar problems but at subseasonal prediction timescales. Achievements for 2014 & 2015 2.3 A workshop on the Amundsen Sea Low was held in Los Angeles in late 2013 and organized by PCPI theme leaders. The workshop led to a journal review article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (Raphael et al., 2015). 2.4 The Sea Ice Prediction Workshop, held in Boulder, USA, with 60 attendees, in April 2014, made recommendations to improve the Sea Ice Outlook, many of which were subsequently implemented in the summer of 2014. For example, Outlook participants were asked to provide additional diagnostics and more information about their methods. The Outlook reports contained this additional information and it was also included in an article with international co-authorship published in EOS (Stroeve et al., 2015). A second workshop in this series was held in Reading, UK, with 50 attendees in April 2015. Further recommendations were made for the Sea Ice Outlook, which are planned to be part of a proposed extension to the project. Input was gathered for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) Summit meeting, which took place in July 2015. Although the Sea Ice Outlook was originally developed as a US initiative, PCPI is internationalizing the activity. “Town-hall” style meetings on sea ice prediction with about 35-40 attendees were held at AGU to plan coordinated experiments. 2.5 The first pan-PCPI leadership meeting was held in Boulder, USA, in April 2014. Plans and goals were established for each of the six themes: Theme 1: Improve knowledge and understanding of past polar climate variations (100+ years) Co-leads: Sarah Gille (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA) and Julie Jones (University of Sheffield, UK) Theme 2: Assess reanalyses in polar regions Co-leads: Dave Bromwich (Ohio State University, USA) and Jim Renwick (Victoria University, New Zealand) Theme 3: Improve understanding of polar predictability on seasonal to decadal timescales Co-Leads: Ed Hawkins (University of Reading, UK) and John Fyfe (CCCma, Canada) Theme 4: Assess performance of CMIP5 models in polar regions Coleads: Hugues Goosse (Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium) and Jennifer Kay (National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) Theme 5: Model error Co-leads: Gunilla Svensson (Stockholm University, Sweden) and Markus Jochum (University of Copenhagen, Denmark). EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 7 Theme 6: Improve understanding of how jets and non-zonal circulation couple to the rest of the system in the Southern Hemisphere Co-leads: Marilyn Raphael (UCLA, USA) and Gareth Marshall (British Antarctic Survey, UK) 2.6 A subset of the participants wrote a journal article titled “Influence of internal variability on Arctic sea-ice trends” (Swart et al, 2015), which is in-press for Nature Climate Change (see Fig. 1). Figure 1. Seven-year trends in observed Arctic September sea ice extent can be highly variable. 2.7 An international workshop on “Polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate predictions” was held in Barcelona, Spain, in December 2014. The meeting was joint with PPP. A report and set of recommendations were published in a BAMS article (Jung et al., 2015). 2.8 PCPI sponsored a session on the “Southern Ocean: Circulation and Carbon Cycle” in a US CLIVAR and OCB workshop titled “Ocean’s carbon and heat uptake: Uncertainties and metrics” in San Francisco, Dec. 2014. 2.9 PCPI leads organized sessions on “Polar Climate Mechanisms and Predictability” at the Fall AGU in San Francisco, in Dec. 2014, at EGU in Vienna, in April 2015, and on “Polar Amplification” at the IUGG meeting in Prague, in July 2015. 2.10 A workshop titled “Large-scale climate variability in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean over decades-to-centuries, and links to extra-polar climate”, was held in San Diego, USA, in March 2015. The workshop was joint with PAGES. 2.11 Several PCPI leads attended the Year of Polar Prediction Summit, in Reading, UK, in July 2015, which was organized by PPP. We contributed materials to a presentation from the WCRP. Future PCPI Plans EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 8 2.12 The second pan-PCPI leadership meeting will be held in Reading, UK, in September 2015. Plans and goals will be discussed and assessed. A third workshop on sea ice prediction is being planned for May 2016 to be held in Lamont, New York. 2.13 A workshop on Polar Feedbacks has been proposed and is being organized. 2.14 A session on the role of jets and non-zonal circulation for the Antarctic will be held at the 2015 International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography in Chile, in October 2015. 2.15 A Polar Prediction School will be held in Abisko, Sweden, in April 2016. This is joint with PPP and the Bolin Center. 3. Issues and actions The EC-PHORS is invited to note the continuing progress of the PPP and PCPI, and consider the issues and actions in its guidance on PPP and PCPI. 3.1 Polar Prediction Project Review draft version of the YOPP Implementation Plan 2.0, once it will become available in October 2015; Contribute to the planning and implementation of YOPP, following the recommendations of the YOPP Summit and what is outlined in the YOPP Implementation Plan 2.0 Assist in promoting YOPP with national and international funding agencies. 3.2 Polar Climate Predictability Initiative The resources received from the Trust Fund has been essential to the activities of the PCPI. It has supported travel for the PCPI theme leads to attend the leadership meetings and for early-career scientists to attend workshops sponsored by PCPI. Maintaining enthusiasm and the ability to attend workshops among all of our participants in this time of shrinking research support is critical. EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 9 Annex 1 - Polar Prediction Project Steering Group (SG) Members Chairperson Thomas Jung, Bremerhaven, Germany, thomas.jung@awi.de Members Peter Bauer, Reading, UK, p.bauer@ecmwf.int David Bromwich, Columbus, OH, USA, bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohiostate.edu Matthieu Chevallier, Toulouse, France, matthieu.chevalier@meteo.fr Jonathan Day, Reading, UK, j.j.day@reading.ac.uk Jun Inoue, Japan, inoue.jun@nipr.ac.jp Christopher Fairall, Boulder, CO, USA, chris.fairall@noaa.gov Trond Iversen, Norway (present affiliation, Reading, UK), trond.iversen@met.no Aleksander Makshtas, Russia, maksh@aari.ru Brian Mills, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, brian.mills@ec.gc.ca Pertti Nurmi, Helsinki, Finland, Donald Perovich, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, Donald.K.Perovich@erdc.dren.mil Phillip Reid, Melbourne, Australia, P.Reid@bom.gov.au Ian Renfrew, Norwich, UK, i.renfrew@uea.ac.uk Gregory Smith, Dorval, Québec, Canada, gregory.smith@ec.gc.ca Gunilla Svensson, Stockholm, Sweden, gunilla@misu.su.se Mikhail Tolstykh, Moscow, Russia, tolstykh@inm.ras.ru Qinghua Yang, Beijing, China, yqh1983@hotmail.com Former members or participants Francisco Javier DoblasReyes, Barcelona, Spain, f.doblasreyes@ic3.cat Marika Holland, Boulder, USA, mholland@ucar.edu WMO Consultant Neil Gordon, Otaki, NZ, neil.d.gordon@gmail.com Peter Lemke, Bremerhaven, Germany, peter.lemke@awi.de Scientific and administrative support Helge Goessling, Bremerhaven, Germany, helge.goessling@awi.de WMO Consultant Peter Chen, peterchen1974@gmail.com Stefanie Klebe, Bremerhaven, Germany, stefanie.klebe@awi EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 10 Annex 2 – Activities of the WWRP Polar Prediction Project Steering Group and International Coordination Office 1. Thomas Jung took part in the 29th session of the WWRP/WCRP Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE-29, Melbourne, Australia, 10-13 March 2014). He discussed support by WGNE for the PPP and for the YOPP initiative. The actions from meeting, found at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/about/sec/rescrosscut/documents/WGNE_29_Report_Final.pdf include the following: Modelling centres to conduct systematic comparisons of analyses over Polar Regions; WGNE to provide advice on observation strategies for model development / verification during YOPP including the relative value of single point versus grid box approaches. 2. The WMO Bulletin (Volume 63(1), April 2014), includes an article on the Polar Prediction Project co-authored by Neil Gordon, Thomas Jung and Stefanie Klebe, and available online at: https://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/63_1/Bulletin6312014_PolarPrediction_en.html 3. NOAA held a Science Challenge Workshop on “Predicting Arctic Weather and Climate and Related Impacts: Status and Requirements for Progress” (Boulder, U.S.A., 13-15 May 2014. The PPP was well represented by SG members David Bromwich, Chris Fairall and Marika Holland. The report is at: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/events/2014/arcticpredictions-science/pdf/arctic-prediction-workshopreport.v1.pdf . Amongst the over-arching recommendations from the workshop was for NOAA to: “Participate vigorously in the WMO WWRP Polar Prediction Project (PPP), particularly in efforts related to the Year of Polar Prediction Project (YOPP)”. 4. A dedicated session on the WWRP Polar Prediction Project was held at the World Weather Open Science Conference (Montreal, Canada, August 2014). The session was convened by the PPP SG members Thomas Jung and Peter Bauer. A white paper has been prepared for this occasion and is available at: http://mywwosc14.zerista.com/page/member?page_id=530. 5. Steering Group member Philip Reid attended the 33rd SCAR Delegates’ meeting (Auckland, New Zealand, 1-3 September 2014) as an observer. Delegates from 39 Antarctic related countries were present for the three days of the meeting. Topics of discussion included Horizon Scan, the International Polar Partnership Initiative, WMO activities and PPP/YOPP. Phil Reid’s presentation to the SCAR Delegates gave an initial broad overview of PPP/YOPP, putting it into an international perspective, while focussing more closely on Antarctica in some areas and in the discussion in particular. 6. A subgroup of the International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) met to focus on developing automated data assimilation and modelling systems (Toulouse, France, 5-16 September 2014). SG member Greg Smith presented an update on the PPP with a focus on sea ice verification and the possible involvement of the IICWG in YOPP. In particular, his proposal to hold a joint workshop on sea ice verification in boreal spring 2016 was favourably received. The importance of securing funding for YOPP was noted as well as past challenges encountered when trying to engage stakeholders (e.g. the shipping community). 7. On 29 September 2014, Thomas Jung presented the PPP to funding agencies in the U.S.A. (NSF, ONR and NOAA), at the offices of the National Science Foundation in Arlington. The PPP was very well received by the agencies and it turned out the NOAA Science Challenge workshop in Boulder (May 2014, see above) had already generated EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 11 considerable visibility for and interest in PPP. As well, Thomas Jung presented an update on PPP at the 4th meeting of the Polar Satellite Task Group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland. It was agreed that the PSTG and PPP SG jointly develop a document highlighting the satellite requirements for PPP/YOPP putting emphasis on dedicated satellite products. 8. Helge Goessling presented the PPP and YOPP at the 3rd Workshop of the Forum for Arctic Modelling and Observations Synthesis (Woods Hole, Mass., U.S.A., 22–24 October 2014). The meeting generally expressed a keen interest in PPP and YOPP. It was suggested to analyse and compare the 7-day sea-ice forecasting skill of the currently available operational products from the U.S., Canada, and Norway, to establish a baseline against which future progress can be measured. Furthermore it was agreed that PPP representatives send a letter to support the continuation of NASA’s bi-polar IceBridge mission beyond the launch of ICESat-2 in 2017, at least until the end of YOPP in mid-2019. FAMOS involvement in the planning of dedicated modelling experiments – e.g., OSSEs – still needs to be made more concrete. 9. GODAE Oceanview (GOV) is an international body providing coordination and leadership on the research and development of global and regional operational oceanography. Greg Smith gave an update on YOPP at the fifth GOV meeting (Beijing, China, 13-17 October 2014). Several specific initiatives were identified regarding GOV participation in YOPP. These include co-hosting the Sea Ice Verification Workshop planned for boreal spring 2016 (together with the IICWG and PPP), organizing a real-time sea ice forecast verification intercomparison, as well as observing system experiments and guidance on coupled modelling. It was also suggested that the 8th GOVST meeting (tentatively planned to be held in Montreal in October, 2017) should have YOPP as a general theme for the meeting. 11. The WWRP-WCRP "International workshop on polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction" took place 10-12 December 2014, in Barcelona. Eighty experts from 20 countries met to discuss this subject of “Linkages”, which is an important aspect of the PPP. The event was made accessible online via the GoToWebinar platform (provided by the CliC Project Office). For details of the event, including a resumé of the workshop, see the workshop page. A workshop report is available via the Website: http://www.polarprediction.net/documents/other-publications.html 12. A new APECS Webinar series began with its first webinar on 2 March 2015 with the title "Polar Weather Prediction" was introduced by Professor Dr. Thomas Jung, chair of the Polar Prediction Project. The event was announced on the APECS Website. The presentation can be viewed on https://vimeo.com/122323499. A second in Webinar Series, entitled “Progress and challenges in predicting Arctic sea ice” took place on 11 May 2015. The speakers were Cecilia Bitz (University of Washington, USA) and Julienne Stroeve (National Snow and Ice Data Centre, University of Colorado). See: http://www.apecs.is/career-resources/apecswebinars/past-webinars.html An IARPC-series Webinar on the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) on 17 March 2015 was presented by PPP Steering Group members Don Perovich, Marika Hollands, and David Bromwich. Read more at http://www.iarpccollaborations.org/events/1892 EC-PORS-6/Doc.3.2(2), p. 12 13. A first WWRP PPP/SERA meeting dedicated to Polar Prediction and YOPP was held at the University of Ottawa (Ottawa, Canada, 12-13 March 2015), chaired by PPP SG member Brian Mills. The objectives were to inform and consult a group of active polar social scientists about PPP, to revisit, critique, and improve elements of the science and implementation plans of both PPP and YOPP. The meeting agreed to form both a small formal SERA subgroup for PPP, and a broader network that could contribute at the project level of activities. The meeting developed a draft plan of action, and a list of possible stakeholders. The report of this meeting can be found via the Website: http://www.polarprediction.net/documents/reports.html 14. A "Polar Predictability Workshop", was held 8-10 April 2015 at the University of Reading (UK) on Polar climate variability and predictability, on seasonal to decadal timescales. A follow-up workshop is being considered for May 2016. For details of the event, see the workshop website. 15. As part of the WWRP PPP and the WCRP PCPI, a Polar Prediction School will be held at the Abisko Field Station in Arctic Sweden, 5-15 April 2016, sponsored by the two Programmes and the Bolin Center. This course, coordinated through Jonathan Day of the PPP Steering Group, will provide training for 30 PhD and early career post-doctoral polar scientists, focusing on topics such as: polar mesoscale atmospheric processes; sea ice prediction, near term ensemble prediction, and seasonal-to-decadal climate variability and prediction in the polar regions. The programme will combine lectures on key areas relevant for polar prediction and a number of field observation and modelling exercises to foster an interactive learning environment. For more information on the school, visit http://www.climate-cryosphere.org/wcrp/pcpi/meetings/abisko-pp-2016. -------------------------