Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 1 1. Citations to Studies Supporting Information in Table 1 2. Citations to Studies Supporting Information in Table 2 3. Additional Bibliography Citations to Studies Supporting Information in Table 1 Alp, N. J., & Channon, K. M. (2004). Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24, 413-420. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000110785.96039.f6 Bassil, M., Li, Y., & Anand-Srivastava, M. B. (2008). Peroxynitrite inhibits the expression of Giα protein and adenylyl cyclase signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. American Journal of Physiology–Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 294, H775-H784. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00841.2007 Beckman, J. S., & Koppenol, W. H. (1996). Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad, and ugly. American Journal of Physiology–Cell Physiology, 40, C1424C1437. http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/ajpcell/271/5/C1424.full.pdf Böger, R. H., & Bode-Böger, S. M. (2000). Asymmetric dimethylarginine, derangements of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, and cardiovascular diseases. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 26, 539-545. http://www.med.unimagdeburg.de/fme/institute/ikp/publikationen/auswahl2000/semin_throm_hemost539.pdf Crabtree, M. J., & Channon, K. M. (2011). Synthesis and recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin in endothelial function and vascular disease. Nitric Oxide, 25, 81-88. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.004 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 2 Halliwell, B. (1989). Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and human disease: A critical evaluation with special reference to atherosclerosis. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 70, 737-757. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040729/pdf/brjexppathol001500135.pdf Kuzkaya, N., Weissmann, N., Harrison, D. G., & Dikalov, S. (2003). Interactions of peroxynitrite, tetrahydrobiopterin, ascorbic acid, and thiols: Implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 22546-22554. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302227200 Milstien, S., & Katusic, Z. (1999). Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin by peroxynitrite: Implications for vascular endothelial function. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 263, 681-684. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1422 Münzel, T., Sinning, C., Post, F., Warnholtz, A., & Schulz, E. (2008). Pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognostic implications of endothelial dysfunction. Annals of Medicine, 40, 180-196. doi:10.1080/07853890701854702 Murray-Rust, J., Leiper, J., McAlister, M., Phelan, J., Tilley, S., Santa Maria, J., . . . McDonald, N. (2001). Structural insights into the hydrolysis of cellular nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 8, 679-683. doi:10.1038/90387 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 3 Powers, S. K., & Jackson, M. J. (2008). Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiological Reviews, 88, 1243-1276. doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2007 Samuelsson, B. (1987). An elucidation of the arachidonic acid cascade: Discovery of prostaglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes. Drugs, 33, 2-9. doi:10.2165/00003495198700331-00003 Sydow, K., & Münzel, T. (2003). ADMA and oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis Supplements, 4, 41-51. doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(03)00033-3 Zou, M.-H., Shi, C., & Cohen, R. A. (2002). Oxidation of the zinc-thiolate complex and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by peroxynitrite. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 109, 817-826. doi:10.1172/JCI14442 Citations to Studies Cited in Table 2 Abdollahzad, H., Eghtesadi, S., Nourmohammadi, I., Khadem-Ansari, M., Nejad-Gashti, H., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2009). Effect of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in hemodialysis patients. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 79, 281-287. doi:10.1024/0300-9831.79.56.281 Cacciatore, F., Bruzzese, G., Vitale, D. F., Liguori, A., de Nigris, F., Fiorito, C., . . . Napoli, C. (2011). Effects of ACE inhibition on circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular damage, and oxidative stress in hypertensive patients. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67, 877-883. doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1029-0 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 4 de Oliveira, V. N., Bessa, A., Jorge, M. L. M. P., Oliveira, R. J. D. S., de Mello, M. T., De Agostini, G. G., . . . Espindola, F. S. (2012). The effect of different training programs on antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37, 334-344. doi:10.1139/h2012-004 Devries, M. C., Hamadeh, M. J., Glover, A. W., Raha, S., Samjoo, I. A., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2008). Endurance training without weight loss lowers systemic, but not muscle, oxidative stress with no effect on inflammation in lean and obese women. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 45, 503-511. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.039 Inoue, T., Hayashi, M., Takayanagi, K., & Morooka, S. (2002). Lipid-lowering therapy with fluvastatin inhibits oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and improves vascular endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis, 160, 369376. doi:10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00585-8 Linke, A., Adams, V., Schulze, P. C., Erbs, S., Gielen, S., Fiehn, E., . . . Hambrecht, R. (2005). Antioxidative effects of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: Increase in radical scavenger enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. Circulation, 111, 1763-1770. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000165503.08661.E5 Mah, E., Noh, S. K., Ballard, K. D., Park, H. J., Volek, J. S., & Bruno, R. S. (2013). Supplementation of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols in healthy men protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by postprandial hyperglycemia. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24, 196-203. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.015 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 5 Samjoo, I. A., Safdar, A., Hamadeh, M. J., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2013). The effect of endurance exercise on both skeletal muscle and systemic oxidative stress in previously sedentary obese men. Nutrition & Diabetes, 3, e88. doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.30 Schneider, M. P., Schmidt, B. M., John, S., & Schmieder, R. E. (2011). Effects of statin treatment on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with arterial hypertension and normal cholesterol levels. Journal of Hypertension, 29, 17571764. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834a509a Zou, M.-H., Shi, C., & Cohen, R. A. (2002). Oxidation of the zinc-thiolate complex and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by peroxynitrite. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 109, 817-826. doi:10.1172/JCI14442 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 6 Additional Bibliography Berlin, C., Bargatze, R. F., Campbell, J. J., von Andrian, U. H., Szabo, M. C., Hasslen, S. R., . . . Butcher, E. C. (1995). Alpha 4 integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiologic flow. Cell, 80, 413-422. Brevetti, G., Silvestro, A., Schiano, V., & Chiariello, M. (2003). Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease: Additive value of flowmediated dilation to ankle-brachial pressure index. Circulation, 108, 2093-2098. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000095273.92468.D9 Bronas, U. G. (2012). Cochrane review: In adults with chronic kidney disease regular exercise improves physical fitness, walking capacity, heart rate and blood pressure and some nutritional parameters. Evidence-Based Nursing, 15, 95-96. doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2011100470 Butterfield, T. A., Best, T. M., & Merrick, M. A. (2006). The dual roles of neutrophils and macrophages in inflammation: A critical balance between tissue damage and repair. Journal of Athletic Training, 41, 457-465. Chan, A. C. (1993). Partners in defense, vitamin E and vitamin C. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 71, 725-731. doi:10.1139/y93-109 Daugherty, A., Dunn, J. L., Rateri, D. L., & Heinecke, J. W. (1994). Myeloperoxidase, a catalyst for lipoprotein oxidation, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 94, 437-444. doi:10.1172/JCI117342 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 7 Edwards, D. G., Schofield, R. S., Lennon, S. L., Pierce, G. L., Nichols, W. W., & Braith, R. W. (2004). Effect of exercise training on endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 93, 617-620. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.032 Granger, D. N., Stokes, K. Y., Shigematsu, T., Cerwinka, W. H., Tailor, A., & Krieglstein, C. F. (2001). Splanchnic ischaemia-reperfusion injury: Mechanistic insights provided by mutant mice. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 173, 83-91. doi:10.1046/j.1365201X.2001.00888.x Hansson, G. K. (2005). Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1685-1695. doi:10.1056/NEJMra043430 Ito, A., Tsao, P. S., Adimoolam, S., Kimoto, M., Ogawa, T., & Cooke, J. P. (1999). Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: Dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation, 99, 3092-3095. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.99.24.3092 Ji, L. L., Gomez-Cabrera, M.-C., & Vina, J. (2006). Exercise and hormesis: Activation of cellular antioxidant signaling pathway. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1067, 425-435. doi:10.1196/annals.1354.061 Lenaz, G., Bovina, C., D'Aurelio, M., Fato, R., Formiggini, G., Genova, M. L., . . . Ventura, B. (2002). Role of mitochondria in oxidative stress and aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 199-213. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02094.x Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 8 Libby, P., Aikawa, M., & Jain, M. K. (2006). Vascular endothelium and atherosclerosis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 176/II 285-306. doi:10.1007/3-540-36028X_9 Loukogeorgakis, S. P., van den Berg, M. J., Sofat, R., Nitsch, D., Charakida, M., Haiyee, B., . . . Deanfield, J. E. (2010). Role of NADPH oxidase in endothelial ischemia/reperfusion injury in humans. Circulation, 121, 2310-2316. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814731 Månsson, P., Zhang, X. W., Jeppsson, B., Johnell, O., & Thorlacius, H. (2000). Critical role of Pselectin-dependent rolling in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced leukocyte adhesion and extravascular recruitment in vivo. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 362, 190-196. McLennan, H. R., & Degli Esposti, M. (2000). The contribution of mitochondrial respiratory complexes to the production of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 32, 153-162. doi:10.1023/A:1005507913372 Mills, G. C. (1957). Hemoglobin catabolism: I. Glutathione peroxidase, an erythrocyte enzyme which protects hemoglobin from oxidative breakdown. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 229, 189-197. Pasini, A. F., Garbin, U., Nava, M. C., Stranieri, C., Pellegrini, M., Boccioletti, V., . . . Cominacini, L. (2007). Effect of sulfhydryl and non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on endothelial function in essential hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 20, 443-450. doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.09.020 Salisbury, D., & Bronas, U. (2014). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Impact on endothelial dysfunction. Nursing Research, 63. Supplemental Digital Content 1 of 1. 9 Raitakari, O. T., Adams, M. R., McCredie, R. J., Griffiths, K. A., Stocker, R., & Celermajer, D. S. (2000). Oral vitamin C and endothelial function in smokers: Short-term improvement, but no sustained beneficial effect. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 35, 1616-1621. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 Ray, R., & Shah, A. M. (2005). NADPH oxidase and endothelial cell function. Clinical Science, 109, 217-226. doi:10.1042/CS20050067 Ross, R. (1993). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the 1990s. Nature, 362, 801-809. doi:10.1038/362801a0 Samjoo, I. A., Safdar, A., Hamadeh, M. J., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2013). The effect of endurance exercise on both skeletal muscle and systemic oxidative stress in previously sedentary obese men. Nutrition & Diabetes, 3, e88. doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.30 Slater, T. F. (1984). Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochemical Journal, 222, 1-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1144137/pdf/biochemj00321-0010.pdf Thompson-Gorman, S. L., & Zweier, J. L. (1990). Evaluation of the role of xanthine oxidase in myocardial reperfusion injury. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265, 6656-6663. Xia, Y., & Zweier, J. L. (1995). Substrate control of free radical generation from xanthine oxidase in the postischemic heart. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 18797-18803. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.32.18797