Organelle
Structure
Plasma
Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
with embedded
proteins, cholesterol,
and carbohydrates.
Function
1. Separates
cell from
surroundings
2. Regulates
movement in
and out
Nucleus
Double membrane
Control cellular
with chromatin and a functions including
nucleolus
protein production
Nuclear
Double layer with
1. Holds nuclear
Envelope
pores and studded
contents
with ribosomes
2. Regulate
passage of
materials in
and out
Nucleolus
rRNA and protein
Makes ribosomes
Chromatin
DNA and histone
Controls cell
proteins
protein production
Ribosomes
Small and large
Makes proteins
subunits made of
rRNA and protein
Rough
Membrane bound
1. Makes
Endoplasmic
canals studded with
membranes
Reticulum (ER) ribosomes and
2. Makes
continuous with the
protein
nuclear envelope
Smooth ER
Membrane bound
1. Detoxifies
canals
poisons and
drugs in liver
2. Stores Ca+2
in muscle
3. Carbohydrat
e metabolism
4. Make lipids
Golgi Apparatus Membrane bound
1. Store
Prokaryote,
Eukaryote, Both
both
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
both
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
stack of flattened
sacs
Lysosome
Membrane bound
with hydrolytic
enzymes
Vacuole
Membrane bound
sac
Tonoplast
Phospholipid bilayer
Mitochondrion
Double membrane,
DNA, ribosomes
Double membrane,
DNA, Ribosomes
Membrane bound
with specific
hydrolytic enzymes
Chloroplast
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Made of
microtubules,
microfilaments, and
intermediate
filaments
Hollow tubes made
of the protein tubulin
2. Sort
3. Modify
4. Create
5. Ship
Products of the ER
1. Food
digestion
(unicellular)
2. Autolysis
(apoptosis)
3. Recycling
1. Storage
2. Support
(plant cells)
Separates plant
vacuole from
cytoplasm
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
Eukaryotesplants only
eukaryotes
1. Breakdown
fatty acids
2. Detoxify
alcohol and
peroxides
1. Mechanical
eukaryotes
support
2. Shape
3. Motility
4. Regulation
1. Support
eukaryotes
2. Organelle
movement
3. Separation of
chromosome
s during cell
Centriole
Cilia
Flagella
Basal Bodies
Microfilaments
9 triplets of
microtubules
9+2 doublets of
microtubules covered
with membrane
eukaryotes
9+2 doublets of
microtubules covered
with membrane
Prokaryotes
Smaller, no
membrane, made of
the protein flagellin
9 triplets of
microtubules
Solid rods made of
the protein actin
Plasmodesmata Openings through
the cell wall
connecting the
cytoplasm of
neighboring cells
division
Cell division
Movement
Eukaryotesanimals ONLY
9 triplets of
microtubules
Movement
Both
Anchors cilia and
flagella to cell
1. Support
2. Muscle
contraction
3. Cyclosis
Intercellular
communication
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotesplants ONLY