1. In a given year, approximately ____ percent of adults in the U.S. display serious psychological disturbance requiring
treatment .
a) 10 b) 20 c) 25 d) 30
Ans: d
2. Clara, a self-assured, well-liked, and otherwise average woman in 16th Century England wanted to pursue an education at the
university level. By what definitional criterion may her behavior be considered abnormal?
a) Danger
b) Dysfunction
c) Distress
d) Deviance
Ans: d
3. True or False? There is no universally accepted definition of abnormal behavior.
Ans: True
4. True or False? Most eccentric people suffer from psychological disorders.
Ans: False
5. Approximately _____ of children and adolescents in the United States experience serious psychological disturbances.
a) 2%
b) 10%
c) 19%
d) 25%
e) 30%
Ans: c
6. Seamus was a hermit who lived with 200 dogs, cats, and sheep on a farm in Scotland. Although this behavior deviates from
societal norms, some may apply a specific label to describe the marked individuality of this person. What is this label?
a) Dysfunctional
b) Dangerous
c) Eccentric
d) Antisocial
Ans: c
7. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is published by the _____.
a) American Psychological Association
b) American Psychiatric Society
c) World Health Organization
d) United Nations
Ans: c
8. Currently the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is in its _____ edition, while the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its _____ edition.
a) first / second
b) second / first
c) fourth / tenth
d) tenth / fifth
Ans: d
9. What term is used to describe an individual who has been diagnosed with two or more psychological disorders?
a) Comorbidity
b) Coaxial illnesses
c) Delusional
d) Fixated
Ans: a
10. Assigning a diagnosis suggests that the client’s pattern of dysfunction
a) is basically the same as patterns displayed by many other people
b) has been researched in numerous studies
c) has responded to certain kinds of treatment.
d) all of the above
Ans: d
11. Assigning a diagnosis suggests that the client’s pattern of dysfunction
a) is basically the same as patterns displayed by many other people
b) has been researched in numerous studies
c) has responded to certain kinds of treatment.
d) all of the above
Ans: d
12. Mary has difficulty understanding how to interact well with other people. She is socially awkward and withdrawn. Which
of the criteria of mental illness best describes Mary?
a) deviance
b) distress
c) dysfunction
d) danger
Ans: c
13. Which of the following measures of psychological dysfunction is most likely to be affected by time, culture, and history?
a) deviance
b) distress
c) dysfunction
d) danger
Ans: a
14. The leading classification system for mental disorders in the United States is the
a) Clinical Guidebook to Psychological Disorders.
b) Dysfunction and Symptomology Manual.
c) Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment Compendium.
d) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Ans: d
15. The DSM describes approximately ____ disorders.
a) 200
b) 300
c) 400
d) 500
Ans: c
16. Which of the following is NOT one of the somatoform disorders?
a) conversion disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) hypochondriasis
Ans: b
17. Huntington’s disease is considered a ______ disorder.
a) somatoform
b) dissociative
c) cognitive
d) psychotic
Ans: c
18. Which of the following groups of disorders is characterized by a loss of contact with reality?
a) schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
b) somatoform disorders
c) anxiety disorders
d) personality disorders
Ans: a
19. If a person qualifies for two or more diagnoses, this is called
a) correlation.
b) comorbidity.
c) multiple personality disorder.
d) multiphasic dysfunction.
Ans: b
20. Joe is visiting a therapist for the first time. The therapist says to Joe “tell me more about yourself and why you’re here.”
This is an example of
a) a response inventory.
b) a humanistic therapy session.
c) a structured clinical interview.
d) an unstructured clinical interview.
Ans: d
21. Which of the following is discussed in your text as a drawback of a clinical interview?
a) Clients may be unwilling to share information unless asked direct questions.
b) Clients may avoid discussing uncomfortable or embarrassing issues.
c) Clients may not understand what the clinician is looking for.
d) Clients may change their behavior if they know they are being watched.
Ans: b
22. Dr. James has a 10 year old client who is having difficulty interacting with other children and is being bullied. Which type
of diagnostic method would be most useful in gaining insight into the problem?
a) naturalistic observation
b) clinical interview
c) analog observation
d) self-monitoring
Ans: a
23. Dr. Wilson wants to observe his schizophrenic patient interact with others in a controlled, protected setting. Dr. Wilson is
using
a) naturalistic observation.
b) analog observation.
c) self-monitoring.
d) a response inventory.
Ans: b
24. The Beck Depression Inventory is an example of a
a) self-monitoring test.
b) psychodynamic inventory.
c) personality inventory.
d) response inventory.
Ans: d
25. Sandy has learned that depressive thoughts can be tracked and corrected. Every time Sandy has a negative thought, he
writes it down and then substitutes a more adaptive thought. Which therapeutic technique is Sandy using?
a) response inventory
b) analog observation
c) self-monitoring
d) participant observer
Ans: c
26. Depression is related to the insufficient activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?
a) GABA and dopamine
b) norepinephrine and serotonin
c) acetylcholine and epinephrine
d) glutamate and GABA
Ans: b
27. Which of the following phrases reflects the psychodynamic approach to defining abnormal behavior?
a) Abnormal behavior is learned through the observation of societal norms.
b) Abnormal behavior results from unconscious attempts to solve conflicts.
c) Abnormal behavior is observed in other individuals we identify with.
d) Abnormal behavior is a conscious choice to resolve internal conflicts.
Ans: b
28. Object relations theory states that people are motivated by
a) a need to establish relationships with others.
b) a need to achieve a sense of security through the accumulations of objects.
c) a desire to satisfy basic needs before being able to satisfy higher needs.
d) relationships between people and objects are interchangeable.
Ans: a
29. Object relations theorists propose that severe ______ may result in abnormal development and psychological
problems during adulthood.
a) problems in early relationships
b) neurotransmitter imbalances
c) brain damage
d) malnutrition
Ans: a
30. Albert Ellis believed that abnormal patterns of functioning are caused by
a) faulty conditioning.
b) imitating maladaptive models.
c) irrational assumptions.
d) learned helplessness.
Ans: c
31. ______ theorists propose that psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic learned behaviors
and dysfunctional thought processes.
a) Psychodynamic
b) Cognitive-behavioral
c) Humanistic
d) Sociocultural
Ans: b
32. The behavioral perspective suggests that abnormal behavior is learned through _____.
a) classical conditioning
b) operant conditioning
c) modeling
d) all of the above
Ans: d
33. According to the ______ perspective maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes are at the heart of abnormal
functioning.
a) psychodynamic
b) behavioral
c) cognitive
d) sociocultural
Ans: c
34. Liana just moved to a new town. Instead of focusing on the benefits of her move, she only sees the negatives. Liana is
experiencing _____.
a) selective perception
b) magnification
c) overgeneralization
d) cognitive dissonance
Ans: a
35. ______ involves drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
a) Selective perception
b) Magnification
c) Overgeneralization
d) Cognitive dissonance
Ans: c
36. Janice is depressed. She goes to pour herself a glass of juice and spills it. She says to herself “I can’t even pour a glass of
juice properly.” This is an example of what Beck would call
a) selective perception.
b) magnification.
c) overgeneralization.
d) personalization.
Ans: c
37. Marge just had a party where ten of her guests showed up and two didn’t. Marge spends the next day wondering why two
of her friends let her down. This is an example of what Beck would call
a) selective perception.
b) magnification.
c) overgeneralization.
d) personalization.
Ans: a
38. According to the concept of ______ children can start from the same point and eventually function in very
different ways.
a) multi-finality
b) equi-finality
c) selective perception
d) overgeneralization
Ans: a
39. According to the concept of ______ individuals can start out from very different places and yet, as a result of life
experiences, eventually function (or dysfunction) in similar ways.
a) multi-finality
b) equi-finality
c) selective perception
d) overgeneralization
Ans: b
40. The ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances is called ______.
a) magnification
b) comorbidity
c) overgeneralization
d) resilience
Ans: d
41. Dysthymic disorder is a chronic but less severe form of _____.
a) major depressive disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) cyclothymic disorder
d) panic disorder
Ans: a
42. Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic but less severe form of _____.
a) major depressive disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) dysthymic disorder
d) panic disorder
Ans: b
43. Approximately ____ of adults in the United States suffer from major depressive disorder.
a) 3%
b) 7%
c) 12%
d) 20%
Ans: b
44. Approximately _____ of people with major depressive disorder recover within six weeks.
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 65%
Ans: c
45. Approximately _____ of people with major depressive disorder recover within a year.
a) 25%
b) 40%
c) 75%
d) 90%
Ans: d
46. Studies estimate that between ______ of people who suffer from severe depression commit suicide.
a) 1-5%
b) 6-15%
c) 12 -20%
d) 18-24%
Ans: b
47. _______ believe that people with severe depression acquire distinctly negative behaviors and think in
dysfunctional ways that help cause and lock in their disorders .
a) Cognitive- behavioral theorists
b) Humanistic theorists
c) Psychodynamic theorists
d) Neuroscientists
Ans: a
48. According to _____ of depression people become depressed when they think that they no longer have control over
the reinforcements in their lives and that they themselves are responsible for this helpless state.
a) Freud’s psychodynamic theory
b) Roger’s humanistic theory
c) the neuroscience theory
d) Seligman’s learned helplessness theory
Ans: d
49. According to Beck, major depressive disorder stems from _____.
a) dysfunctional attitudes
b) illogical thinking processes
c) the cognitive triad
d) automatic thoughts
e) all of the above
Ans: e
50. When Beck says that people have automatic thoughts, he is referring to
a) ideas and attitudes brought about as a result of classical conditioning.
b) basic irrational assumptions.
c) thoughts that are a normal part of the socialization process.
d) thoughts that come into our minds without conscious intent.
Ans: d
51. Which of the following is NOT part of Beck’s cognitive triad?
a) Negative thoughts about one’s experience
b) Negative thoughts about oneself.
c) Negative thoughts about others.
d) Negative thoughts about the future.
Ans: c
52. In any given year as many as ____ of the adult population suffer from one or another of the anxiety disorders
identified by DSM-IV.
a) 6%
b) 12%
c) 18%
d) 28%
Ans: b
53. Surveys suggest that ____ of the United States population have the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in
any given year.
a) 1%
b) 3.5 %
c) 6%
d) 8.5%
Ans: b
54. Cognitive-behavioral theorists suggest that generalized anxiety disorder is caused in part by ____.
a) dysfunctional assumptions
b) abnormal brain structures
c) abnormal neurotransmitter functioning
d) unconscious conflicts
Ans: a
55. _____ principles provide the leading explanations for specific phobias.
a) Psychodynamic
b) Humanistic
c) Sociocultural
d) Behavioral
Ans: d
56. Surveys suggest that ____ of people in the United States suffer from at least one specific phobia in any given year
a) 2.5%
b) 6%
c) 9%
d) 15%
Ans: C
57. Panic disorder is often accompanied by _____ a fear of venturing into public places, especially when one is alone.
a) agoraphobia
b) bipolar disorder
c) major depressive disorder
d) schizophrenia
Ans: a
58. ____ are persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness.
a) Compulsions
b) Obsessions
c) Delusions
d) Repressed memories
Ans: B
59. _____ are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform in order to prevent or
reduce anxiety.
a) Hallucinations
b) Delusions
c) Obsessions
d) Compulsions
Ans: d
60. OCD is associated with low _____ activity.
a) dopamine
b) GABA
c) serotonin
d) norepinephrine
Ans: C
61. Studies of combat veterans from the wars in Vietnam and Iraq have found higher rates of PTSD among ______
veterans than among white American veterans.
a) African American
b) Hispanic American
c) Asian American
d) Native American
Ans: b
62. Studies indicate that as many as ____ of all cases of acute stress disorder develop into posttraumatic stress
disorder.
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Ans: d
63. ______ is a disorder in which people deteriorate into a world of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed
emotions, and motor abnormalities.
a) Agoraphobia
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Schizophrenia
d) Generalized anxiety disorder
Ans: c
64. Richard firmly believes that he is being plotted against, spied on, slandered, threatened, and attacked by his friends
and family although there is a no evidence to support his beliefs. Richard is experiencing ______.
a) delusions of grandeur
b) delusions of persecution
c) hallucinations
d) repression
Ans: b
65. Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli are known as _____.
a) hallucinations
b) delusions
c) obsessions
d) compulsions
Ans: a
66. The most common kind of hallucination experienced by schizophrenics are _____ hallucinations.
a) visual
b) auditory
c) gustation
d) olfactory
Ans: b
67. Schizophrenia has been linked to abnormally high levels of which neurotransmitter?
a) Serotonin
b) Norepinephrine
c) GABA
d) Dopamine
Ans: d
68. In _____ a psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor
or sensory functioning.
a) conversion disorder
b) antisocial personality disorder
c) obsessive compulsive disorder
d) narcissistic personality disorder
Ans: a
69. Josie often has headaches and chest pain but her doctor says these physical ailments have little to no organic basis.
This suggests Josie may have _______.
a) antisocial personality disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) obsessive compulsive disorder
Ans: c
70. People who experience _______ become deeply concerned about some imagined or minor defect in their
appearance.
a) dysmorphobia
b) antisocial personality disorder
c) narcissistic personality disorder
d) borderline personality disorder
Ans: a
71. ______ is characterized by a major loss of memory without a clear physical cause.
a) Narcissistic personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Dissociative disorder
d) Somatization disorder
Ans: c
72. Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed ___________ disorder.
a) schizophrenic
b) dissociative amnesic
c) manic depressive
d) multiple personality
Ans: d
73. Which of the following dissociative disorders is correctly defined?
a) dissociative amnesia – individual develops several different personalities
b) dissociative fugue -- individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
c) dissociative identity disorder – individual is unable to recall important information about her life
d) dissociative amnesia – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
Ans: b
74. What percentage of the population displays symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
a) 1 to 2.5%
b) 4%
c) 6 to 7.2%
d) 8%
Ans: a
75. Joe is charming and manipulative. He views other people as objects to be exploited, and does not feel guilty when he hurts
their feelings or takes advantage of them. Joe likely has ______.
a) antisocial personality disorder.
b) narcissistic personality disorder.
c) paranoid personality disorder.
d) schizoid personality disorder.
Ans: a
76. Which of the following people is most likely to have a borderline personality disorder?
a) Morgan who chronically over-participates in class and is always eager to show everyone that he has the right answer.
b) Harry, who is chronically late for class, and expects his instructor to spend time to get him “caught up” when he misses
a class.
c) Anita, who is sometimes very interested in participating in classroom discussions, but is sometimes likely to lash out at
her instructor or classmates over perceived injustices.
d) Angela, who does not interact with other students and is sure that her instructor is trying to trick people on exams.
Ans: c
77. Alexander broke up with Jean because she said he was a “psychopath”. If this label was correctly applied, which disorder
may Jean display symptoms of?
a) Dependent personality disorder
b) Avoidant personality disorder
c) Posttraumatic stress disorder
d) Antisocial personality disorder
Ans: d
78. Javier cannot control his impulses. He constantly lies to his friends and family, without any remorse. His recent reckless
behavior has landed him in jail. Javier’s behavior is consistent with the symptoms of
a) borderline personality disorder
b) dissociative disorder
c) somatoform disorder
d) antisocial personality disorder
Ans: d