Appendix 1: Representation of the research model linking students’ motivational beliefs
and self-regulation in science learning.
Students Motivational
Beliefs
Learning Goal
Orientation
Students’
Self-Regulation
in Science Learning
Task Value
Self-Efficacy
Gender
1
Appendix 2: Students’ Adaptive Learning Engagement in Science Learning
Questionnaire
(
Directions for Students
Here are some statements about you as a student in this class. Please read each statement
carefully. Circle the number that best describes what you think about these statements.
There are no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answers. Your opinion is what is wanted.
For each statement, draw a circle around
1
if you Strongly Disagree with the statement
2
if you Disagree with the statement
3
if you Are Not Sure about the statement
4
if you Agree with the statement
5
if you Strongly Agree with the statement
Be sure to give an answer for all questions. If you change your mind about an answer, just
cross it out and circle another. Some statements in this questionnaire are fairly similar to
other statements. Don't worry about this. Simply give your opinion about all statements.
LEARNING GOAL ORIENTATION
Strongly
Disagree Not Sure
Disagree
Agree
Strongly
Agree
In this science class …
1.
One of my goals is to learn as much as I
can.
One of my goals is to learn new science
contents.
One of my goals is to master new science
skills.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
4.
It is important that I understand my work.
1
2
3
4
5
5.
It is important for me to learn the science
content that is taught.
It is important to me that I improve my
science skills.
It is important that I understand what is
being taught to me.
Understanding science ideas is important
to me.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
2
TASK VALUE
Strongly
Disagree Not Sure
Disagree
Agree
Strongly
Agree
In this science class …
9.
What I learn can be used in my daily life.
1
2
3
4
5
10. What I learn is interesting.
1
2
3
4
5
11. What I learn is useful for me to know.
1
2
3
4
5
12. What I learn is helpful to me.
1
2
3
4
5
13. What I learn is relevant to me.
1
2
3
4
5
14. What I learn is of practical value.
1
2
3
4
5
15. What I learn satisfies my curiosity.
1
2
3
4
5
16. What I learn encourages me to think.
1
2
3
4
5
Agree
Strongly
Agree
SELF-EFFICACY
Strongly
Disagree Not Sure
Disagree
In this science class …
17. I can master the skills that are taught.
1
2
3
4
5
18. I can figure out how to do difficult work.
19. Even if the science work is hard, I can
learn it.
20. I can complete difficult work if I try.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
21. I will receive good grades.
1
2
3
4
5
22. I can learn the work we do.
1
2
3
4
5
23. I can understand the contents taught.
1
2
3
4
5
24. I am good at this subject.
1
2
3
4
5
Agree
Strongly
Agree
SELF-REGULATION
Strongly
Disagree Not Sure
Disagree
In this science class …
25. Even when tasks are uninteresting, I keep
working.
26. I work hard even if I do not like what I am
doing.
27. I continue working even if there are better
things to do.
28. I concentrate so that I won’t miss
important points.
29. I finish my work and assignments on time.
30. I don’t give up even when the work is
difficult.
31. I concentrate in class.
32. I keep working until I finish what I am
supposed to do.
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Appendix 3: Item loading, internal consistency and average variance extracted
Construct
Learning goal orientation
(LG)
Task value (TV)
Self-efficacy (SE)
Self-regulation (SR)
Item
Loading
LG1
LG2
LG3
LG4
LG5
LG6
LG7
LG8
TV1
TV2
TV3
TV4
TV5
TV6
TV7
TV8
SE1
SE2
SE3
SE4
SE5
SE6
SE7
SE8
SR1
SR2
SR3
SR4
SR6
SR7
SR8
0.771
0.810
0.816
0.710
0.806
0.894
0.772
0.802
0.749
0.793
0.856
0.859
0.791
0.770
0.739
0.807
0.782
0.796
0.805
0.776
0.763
0.812
0.815
0.804
0.827
0.808
0.830
0.814
0.827
0.806
0.810
4
Internal
consistency
Average
variance
extracted
0.931
0.627
0.933
0.635
0.932
0.631
0.934
0.668
Appendix 4: Inter-construct correlations and square roots of average variance extracted
Construct
LG
TV
SE
Learning goal orientation (LG)
0.792
Task value (TV)
0.687
0.797
Self-efficacy (SE)
0.644
0.696
0.794
Self-regulation (SR)
0.661
0.633
0.680
The bold elements in the main diagonal are the square roots of average variance extracted.
5
SR
0.817