INTS 101—Gateway to Global Affairs
Fall 2010
Prof. Jim Levinsohn
Tuesday, Thursday 1:00 – 2:15 pm.
Teaching Fellows: Kyle Poorman, Mai Truong, Rheanne Wirkkala, Annikki Herranen
Course Description:
This course is designed to introduce you to four topics in global affairs. The goal is to teach you how
to think systematically about some key topical issues. The organization of this course is different.
The course is divided into four modules and each module focuses on a particular topic. While I will
be at every class session, each of the modules will be led by an expert on that topic. The course will
be a mix of lecture and class discussion.
The first module is an introduction to globalization with a particular focus on U.S. immigration policy.
This module will be taught by Gordon Hanson from the University of California—San Diego and me.
One class will be taught by Richard Levin.
The second module is on U.S. energy policy and national security. This module will be taught by
James Woolsey, the former director of the CIA under President Clinton.
The third module will be taught by Nicoli Natrass. Prof. Nattrass is from the University of Cape Town
and is a leading authority on policy addressing HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Her module will
focus on the Global AIDS epidemic and how to best respond to it.
The last module will be taught by Richard Goldstone. Mr. Goldstone was the UN’s chief prosecutor in
the Bosnian and Rwandan war crimes trial and was appointed by Nelson Mandela to serve on the
Constitutional Court of South Africa—South Africa’s “Supreme Court.” He also led the UN’s
investigation of humanitarian issues in Gaza. His module will focus on the role of international law
with respect to international criminal justice.
Text and Other Resources:
There is not a textbook for this course. Rather, there will be assigned readings for every class. Please
see the syllabus below. Students should regularly read a source for international news. Examples
include The Economist, the New York Times, and the Financial Times. I highly recommend a
subscription to The Economist for the semester. Student subscriptions are available at:
https://www.economistsubscriptions.com/ecom926/global/index.php#anchOffer
How to contact me:
I can be reached by email at James.Levinsohn@yale.edu. I will make every effort to respond to every
email, but please be aware that it will often take a day or two before you get a response. My phone
number is 203-432-6671 and my office is Room 141 in Rosenkrantz Hall. I will hold open office
hours every Tuesday morning from 10:00 to 11:30.
Grading:
Your grade will be determined by four short papers and a final exam. Each paper is worth 15 percent
of your grade and the final exam is worth 40 percent.
Syllabus:
Module 1: “Responses to Globalization” (Hanson, Levinsohn, and Levin)
September 2: Introduction to the course. (Levinsohn) No readings.
September 7: Trade and American Workers (Levinsohn)
Krugman, Paul. “What Do Undergrads need to Know about Trade?” American Economic
Review, May 1993, 83(2): 23-26.
Burtless, Gary, Robert Z. Lawrence, Robert E. Litan, Robert J. Shapiro. “The Virtues of
Openness.” Ch. 2, Globalphobia: Confronting Fears about Open Trade, Brookings
Institution,1998, pp. 13-43.
Bhagwati, Jagdish. “Wages and Labor Standards at Stake?” Ch.10, In Defense of Globalization,
Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 122-134.
Faux, Jeff. “Globalization that Works for Working Americans.” Economic Policy Institute
Briefing Paper No. 179, January 2007. http://www.sharedprosperity.org/bp179/bp179.pdf
Background on global trade, investment and migration flows: Feenstra, Robert, and Alan
Taylor. “Trade in the Global Economy.” Ch. 1, International Economics, Worth, 2008, pp. 1
24.
September 9: Offshoring and US Jobs (Levinsohn)
Mankiw, N. Gregory, and Phillip Swagel. “The Politics and Economics of Offshore
Outsourcing.” Journal of Monetary Economics, July 2006, 53(5): 1027-1056.
Hira, Ron. “The Offshoring of US Innovation.” Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper No.
226, December 2008.
Blinder, Alan. “How Many US Jobs Might be Offshorable?” World Economics, April/June 2009,
10(2): 41-78.
Jensen, J. Bradford, and Lori Kletzer. “"Fear" and Offshoring: The Scope and Potential
Impact of Imports and Exports of Services.” Peterson Institute for International Economics
Policy Briefing 08-1, January 2008.
September 14: Immigration and the Well-being of Americans (Hanson)
Borjas, George J. “Reframing the Immigration Debate.” Ch. 1, Heaven’s Door, Princeton
University Press, 2004, pp. 3-18.
Huntington, Samuel. “The Hispanic Challenge.” Foreign Policy, March-April 2004, 141: 3045.
Freeman, Richard B. "People Flows in Globalization," Journal of Economic Perspectives,
Spring 2006, 20(2): 145-170.
Hanson, Gordon H. “International Migration and Human Rights.” In Mark Ungar and
Katherine Hite, Eds., Human Rights: Challenges of the Past/Challenges for the Future,
Woodrow Wilson Center, forthcoming. (WILL BE POSTED ON RESOURCES TAB ON
CLASSESV2 AS SOON AS IT IS AVAILABLE).
September 16: Causes and Consequences of Illegal Immigration (Hanson)
Hanson, Gordon. "The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration," Council Special Report No. 26,
Council on Foreign Relations, April 2007.
Camarota, Steven. “The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal
Budget.” Center for Immigration Studies, August 2004.
Cornelius, Wayne. “Death at the Border: Efficacy and Unintended Consequences of US
Immigration Control Policy.” Population and Development Review, December 2001, 27(4):
661-685.
September 21: Globalization, Income Distribution, and Politics (Hanson)
Bhagwati, Jagdish. “Anti-Globalization: Why?” Ch.1, In Defense of Globalization, Oxford
University Press, 2004, pp. 3-27.
Hatton, Timothy, and Jeffrey Williamson. “A Dual Policy Paradox: Why Have Trade and
Immigration Policies Always Differed in Labor-Scarce Economies?” In Timothy Hatton,
Keven O’Rourke and Alan Taylor, eds., The New Comparative Economic History, MIT Press,
2007, pp. 217-240.
Hanson, Gordon. Why Does Immigration Divide America? Institute for International
Economics, 2005.
September 23: Globalization and the University (Levin)
Levin, Richard. “Top of the Class.” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2010.
Brody, William. "College Goes Global.” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2007.
“The Global University” The Work of the University (2003) pages 99 — 105.
This reading available on Classesv2 under the Resources tab.
“The West Need Not Panic.......” Newsweek. (August 18-25, 2008) page 80
Module 2: “Energy in the 21st Century: Could Muir, Patton, and Gandhi
Agree?" (Woolsey) All readings for this module are on the classesv2 resources tab.
September 28: Oil and Transportation: Background and Issues (Woolsey)
Paper #1 is due.
McElroy, Energy -- Ch 6 "Oil: Properties, Origin, History, Problems, and Prospects" (pp
123-46) and Ch 12 "Automobiles, Trucks, and the Internal Combustion Engine" (pp 277-97)
National Petroleum Council, Hard Truths (Exec Summary) July 2007, pp 5-11
Loft/Koran, Turning Oil into Salt, Chapter 1 "Understanding Strategic Commodities" and Ch
2, "What is Energy Independence Anyway?" (pp 11-34)
Gray/Varco - Octane, Clean Air, and Renewable Fuels, Texas Review of Law and Politics,
selections
Woolsey, Scientific American Oct 2010
Sept. 30: Oil and Transportation (continued): What Would the Three Ghosts Do?
(Woolsey)
Loft/Koran, Turning Oil Into Salt, Ch 3, pp 35-52 "Plans Aplenty, Mostly Empty"; Ch 4 pp 53
68, "From the Car Ahmadinejad Loves to the One Bin Laden Hates"; Ch 5, pp 69-87 "Fueling
48 Floors"; Ch 6 pp 89-97 " Melting Ice Meets Melting West: Powering Our Cars With CO2"
Sandalow, David, Freedom From Oil, Presidential Announcement and Speech, pp 201-15
Farrell, Alexander E. et al, "Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals"
Science, January 27, 2006, pp 506-08
Woolsey, The Fatty Files, National Review On-line.
October 5 (Woolsey)
Burton Richter, Beyond Smoke and Mirrors (2010, Cambridge U. Press), chapters 2-7 (pp 9
64) (On Classes)
National Research Council, Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in
Countering Terrorism (National Academies Press 2002), selections from Ch. 6, "Energy
Systems" pp. 180-83, 185, 187-92.
Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse
(EMP) Attack, Volume 1: Executive Report, 2004, pp 1-3, 17-20.
Jonah Goldberg, "Global Warming and the Sun", LATimes.com, Sept 1, 2009.
Editorial, Wall Street Journal, "Climate of Uncertainty", Sept 2, 2010,
Bjorn Lomborg, "U-Turn on Global Warming? Hardly." oped, Washington Post, September
15, 2010
October 7 (Woolsey)
Burton Richter, pp 65-74, 79-81, 108-20, 135-40, 150-72 (On Classes)
Paul L. Joskow and John E. Parsons, "The Economic Future of Nuclear Power, Daedalus,
138:4 (On Classes)
Amory Lovins, "Mighty Mice" , Nuclear Engineering International, Dec 2005, pp 119-23
Amory Lovins, "Energy End-Use Efficiency" in InterAcademy Council, Amsterdam
(www.interacademycouncil.net) 2005-06 study "Transitions to Sustainable Energy Systems"
pp 21-23
Burke Garance and Dearen, Jason, “After pipeline blast, widespread concern,” The
Washington Post, September 26, 2010.
October 12 (Woolsey Guest: Andrew Winston)
Winston, Andrew. Excerpt from Green Recovery (on Classes)
Blog selections:
http://blogs.hbr.org/winston/2010/08/going-green-for-the-economy.html
http://www.andrewwinston.com/blog/2009/12/8_reasons_to_cut_carbon_that_h.php
http://www.andrewwinston.com/blog/2009/12/five_ways_to_use_green_data_to.php
October 14: (Woolsey)
Elias, Rebecca and Victor, David. “Energy Transitions in Developing Countries: a Review of =
Concepts and Literature.” Working Paper #40, Program on Energy and Sustainable
Development, 2005. (on Classes)
Karl, Terry. “Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences.” Working
paper #80, Center on Democracy, Development, and The Rule of Law, 2007. (On Classes)
Sweet, David M. “The Decentralized Energy Paradigm.” Chapter 21 in Energy Security
Challenges for the 21st Century. Gal Luft and Anne Korin, 2009. (On Classes)
Crovitz, Gordon. “From Wikinomics to the Tea Party: Government is the institution most
obviously frozen in the pre-Web era. The Wall Street Journal, October 4, 2010. (On Classes)
Module 3: “Responses to the Global AIDS Epidemic” (Nattrass)
October 19: Introduction to the AIDS Pandemic and the science of HIV pathogenesis.
UNAIDS. 2010. Outlook Report. Available on:
http://data.unaids.org/pub/Outlook/2010/20100713_outlook_report_web_en.pdf: 8-19
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=hiv-life-cycle-basics
UNAIDS. 2009. AIDS Epidemic Update.
http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2009/JC1700_Epi_Update_2009_en.pdf
Potts, M., Halperin, D., Kirby, D., Swidler, A., Marseille, E., Klausner, J., Hearst, N., Wamai, R.,
Kahn, J. and J. Walsh. 2008. “Reassessing HIV Prevention.” Science, vol. 320, 9 May: 749-50.
Available on http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/320/5877/749.pdf
October 21: The African Heterosexual AIDS Epidemic and Sex
Caldwell, J., Caldwell, P. and P. Quiggan. 1989. The Social Context of AIDS in Sub-Saharan
Africa, in Population and Development Review, 15 (2): 185: 234.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1973703
Stillwaggon, E. 2008. Race, Sex and the Neglected Risks for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan
Africa, in Feminist Economics, 14: 4, 67-86.
Epstein, H. (2008). AIDS and the Irrational, British Medical Journal, 337: a2638.
http://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2638.full
Mah, T. and D. Halperin. 2010. ‘Concurrent Sexual Partnerships and the HIV Epidemic in
Africa: Evidence to Move Forward’, in AIDS and Behaviour, 14 (1): 11-16. Available on:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/aq8244262614q762/fulltext.pdf
Lurie, M and S. Rosenthal. 2010. Concurrent partnerships as a driver of the HIV epidemic in
Sub-Saharan Africa? The Evidence is limited’, in AIDS and Behaviour, vol.14 (1): 17-24.
Available on: http://www.springerlink.com/content/w21330981283021w/
Mah, T. and D. Halperin. 2010. The evidence for the role of concurrent partnerships in
Africa’s HIV epidemics: A response to Lurie and Rosenthal. AIDS and Behavior, 14 (1): 25-28.
Available on:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/972569121k6v7141/
Epstein, H. 2010. The Mathematics of concurrent partnerships and HIV: A Commentary on
Lurie and Rosenthal, in AIDS and Behavior, vol.14 (1): 28-30.
Morris, M. 2010. Barking up the wrong evidence Tree. Comment on Lurie and Rosenthal,
‘Concurrent partnerships as a driver of the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa? The
evidence is limited’. In AIDS and Behaviour, vol.14(1): 31-3.
Lurie, M. and S. Rosenthal. 2010. The concurrency hypothesis in Sub-Saharan Africa:
convincing empirical evidence is still lacking: Response to Mah and Halperin, Epstein and
Morris, in AIDS and Behaviour, vol.14 (1): 34-7
October 26: A Key Issues in the Concentrated Epidemic: injecting drug use
UNAIDS. 2010. Outlook Report. Available on:
http://data.unaids.org/pub/Outlook/2010/20100713_outlook_report_web_en.pdf: 20-1, 8895.
Degenhardt, L., Mathers, B., Vickerman, P., Rhodes, T., Latkin, C. And M. Hickman. 2010.
Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural and
combination approaches are needed. In Lancet, vol., 376: 285-301.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T1B-50K9R88-52&_cdi=4886&_user=483692&_pii=S0140673610607428&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_i
tem&_coverDate=07%2F30%2F2010&_sk=996230262&wchp=dGLzVzzzSkzk&md5=1e6cab09264d17198dab93fcd4a63840&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
Jarlais, D. 2010. “Learning from HIV Epidemics among injecting drug users.” In International
Journal of Drug Policy, vol.21, issue 2: 97-99.
Pisani, E. 2010. Tilting at windmills and the evidence base on injecting drug use, in Lancet,
vol. 376, issue 9737: 268-84.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T1B-50KS486-F1&_cdi=4886&_user=483692&_pii=S0140673610611324&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_i
tem&_coverDate=07%2F30%2F2010&_sk=996230262&wchp=dGLbVlbzSkWA&md5=4776dccda5e08ebcd698c10af80ec72e&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
October 28: National Leadership on AIDS: South Africa in Comparative Perspective
Nattrass, N. 2008. ‘AIDS and the Scientific Governance of Medicine in Post-Apartheid South
Africa’, in African Affairs, 107 (427); 157-176.
Nattrass. N. 2009. “The (political) economics of antiretroviral treatment in developing
countries”, in Trends in Microbiology, vol.16, no.2: 574-79.
UNAIDS. 2010. Outlook Report. Pp. 64-81
Guest speaker: Short presentation by Thembi Xulu (Yale World Fellow from South Africa) on
the new AIDS policy environment in South Africa and the challenges facing physicians in
rolling out antiretrovirals today.
November 2: Antiretroviral Treatment and the International AIDS Response
UNAIDS. 2010. “Making Sense of the Money: Where Does the Money for AIDS go?”
http://www.pepfar.gov/
Cost of ART in PEPFAR: http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/144993.pdf
Bongaarts, J. and M. Over. 2010. “Global HIV/AIDS Policy in Transition,” Science. 328 (5984),
1359-1360. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/328/5984/1359
See also the replies and their replies in Science, 8 October 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/sci;330/6001/176-b.pdf
The Debt2Health program:
http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/innovativefinancing/debt2health/overview/
UNITAID: http://www.unitaid.eu/images/Chair/unitaid%20-%20version%20finale.pdf
Funding the Global Fund:
http://www.theglobalfund.org/documents/replenishment/newyork/Replenishment_NewY
orkMeeting_Pledges_en.pdf
November 4: International AIDS Funding: How should the US Respond?
Laurie Garrett: Council on Foreign Relations Global Health Update, 2 August. Available on:
http://www.cfr.org/content/thinktank/GlobalHealth/GHU_GHProgramandVienna_Aug210.
pdf
Walensky, R., and D. Kuritzkes. 2010. “The Impact of the President’s Emergency Plan for
AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) beyond HIV and why it remains so essential.” Clinical Infectious
Diseases, 15 January, 272-5.
Denny, C. and Emanuel, E. 2008. “US Health Aid Beyond PEPFAR: The Mother and Child
Campaign,” in Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.300, no.17: 2048-2051.
Lyman, P. and S. Wittels. 2010. “No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: The Unintended
Consequences of Washington’s HIV/AIDS Programs.” In Foreign Affairs, July/August: 74-84.
US Global Health Policy: 2010 Survey of Americans on the US Role in Global Health,
September 2010. http://www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/upload/8101.pdf
Module 4: “The Role of International Law” (Goldstone)
November 9: The Elements of the Rule of Law and its Application in the Global
Community. Paper #3 is due
Required Reading
Bingham, Tom. “The rule of law in the international legal order”, Chapter 10 of The Rule of
Law (London: Penguin Group, 2010) [The Rule of Law]. pp. 110-129.
Broomhall, Bruce. “From national to international responsibility”, “The rule of law and
international accountability”, and “Practice.” Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of International Justice
and the International Criminal Court (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). pp. 25-66.
Optional Reading
Kleinfeld, Rachel. “Competing definitions of the rule of law orthodoxy”, Chapter 3 of
Promoting the Rule of Law Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, 2006). pp 31-73.
November 11: The Sources and Application of International Law
Required Reading
Goldstone, Richard and Smith, Adam. “International humanitarian law: a short review”,
Chapter 1 of International Judicial Institutions (Abingdon: Routledge, 2009) [International
Judicial Institutions]. pp. 10-28.
Luban, David; O’Sullivan, Julie; and Stewart, David. “International law preliminaries”,
Chapter 2 of International and Transnational Criminal Law (New York: Aspen, 2010)
[International and Transnational Criminal Law]. pp. 27-70
Optional Reading
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. “Study on customary international humanitarian law: A
contribution to the understanding and respect for the rule of law in armed conflict”, Volume
87 Number 857 March 2005, International Review of the Red Cross. pp 175-212.
Bellinger, John and Haynes, William. “Letter from John Bellinger III, Legal Adviser, U.S. Dept.
of State, and William J. Haynes, General Counsel, U.S. Dept. of Defense, to Dr. Jakob
Kellenberger, President, International Committee of the Red Cross, regarding Customary
International Law Study” 46 I.L.M. 514 (2007).
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. “Customary International Humanitarian Law: a response to US
comments”, Volume 89 Number 866 June 2007, International Review of the Red Cross. pp.
473-488.
November 16: The Establishment of International Courts
Required Reading
Goldstone, Richard and Smith, Adam. “The Cold War and the rise of domestic international
justice” and “Post-Cold War justice: the UN ad hoc tribunals, mixed courts and the ICC”
Chapters 4 and 5 of International Judicial Institutions. pp. 65-94 and pp. 95-114.
Optional Reading
El Zeidy, Mohamed. “The primacy of the ad hoc tribunals”, “From primacy to
complementarity”, “The legal foundation of the arising complementarity models”,
“Concluding observations”, “The Rome Statute complementarity model”, “The determination
of complementarity under article 17”, “The criterion of unwillingness”, “The criterion of
inability”, Chapter 2 (sections 7, 7.1, 7.2), and Chapter 3 (sections 1, 1.1, 1.2, 4) of The
Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008).
pp. 137-154, pp. 157-170, and pp. 222-228.
November 18: The Legacy of Nuremburg and the Successes and Failures of Modern
International Criminal Courts
Required Reading
Goldstone, Richard and Smith, Adam. “Post-ICC prosecutions: new domestic proceedings
and international proceedings beyond ICC justice” Chapter 6 of International Judicial
Institutions. pp. 115-134.
Luban, David; O’Sullivan, Julie; and Stewart, David. “Alternatives to prosecution after
atrocity: a survey of other transitional justice mechanisms.” Chapter 24 of International and
Transnational Criminal Law. pp. 1191-1226.
Optional Reading
Robinson, Darryl. “Serving the Interests of Justice: Amnesties, Truth Commissions and the
International Criminal”, 14 Eur. J. Int’l L. 481 (June 2003).
Jain, Neha. “Between the Scylla and Charybdis of Prosecution and Reconciliation: The Khmer
Rouge Trials and the Promise of International Criminal Justice”, 20 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L.
247 (Winter 2010)
November 30: The Politics of International Criminal Justice
Required Reading
Goldstone, Richard. “Historical Evolution – From Nuremburg to the International Criminal
Court”, 25 Penn St. Int’l L. Rev. 763 (Spring 2007).
Okun, Herbert. “Role of International Criminal Justice in Peace Negotiations”, 25 Penn St.
Int’l L. Rev. 779 (Spring 2007).
Ginsburg, Tom. “The politics of courts in democratization”, Chapter 8 of Global Perspectives
on The Rule of Law, eds. James Heckman, Robert Nelson, and Lee Cabatingan (Abingdon:
Routledge, 2010). pp. 175-191.
Optional Reading
Schabas, William. “Prosecutorial discretion v. judicial activism at the International Criminal
Court”, 6 J. Int’l Crim. Just. 731 (September 2008).
Iontcheva Turner, Jenia. “Defense Perspectives on Law and Politics in International Criminal
Trials”, 48 Va. J. Int’l L. 529 (Spring 2008)
December 2: The Future of International Criminal Justice in an Age of Terrorism
Paper #4 is due.
Required Reading
Goldstone, Richard and Smith, Adam. “Conclusion: the future of “international” justice –
active at home and abroad”, Chapter 7 of International Judicial Institutions. pp. 135-143.
Bingham, Tom. “Terrorism and the rule of law”, Chapter 11 of The Rule of Law. pp. 133-159
Optional Reading
Hudson, Barbara. “Justice in a Time of Terror”, 49 Brit. J. Criminology 702 (September 2009)