APPENDICES
Appendix A
GENDER – KEY CONCEPTS
Gender
Social meaning given to ‘man’, ‘woman’
Sex
Biological
Gender Roles
Behaviours ‘appropriate’ for a man or women
Gender Relations
Men/women in power sharing, decision making
etc inside and outside home
Gender Mainstreaming
A strategy to achieve gender equality. To
succeed: Integrate in analyses and all stages of
policy and project cycles.
Gender equality
Men/women enjoy equal rights, opportunities and
entitlements
Gender analysis
Study of the different roles of women and men
in order to understand what men and women
do, what resources men and women have, and
what their different needs and priorities are.
Gender Equity
Special measures may be adopted to compensate
for historical and social disadvantages of women.
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Appendix B
GENDER ANALYSIS
Key Principles
•
•
•
•
•
First and most important step is gender-responsive planning and programming;
Collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated data;
Examines women’s and men’s specific activities, conditions, needs, access to and
control over resources, access to development benefits and decision-making;
Explores differences, commonalities, interactions between men and women so that
polices, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of
women and men and thus remedy gender inequalities;
Identifies how policies and projects affect women and men differently.
Analytical Frameworks – 2 Approaches:
•
•
General Framework
 SWOT analysis
Gender Analysis Frameworks
 Harvard Analytical
 Women’s Empowerment LONGWE
General Framework: SWOT analysis
• What are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats involved for
women and men?
• Ask women and men separately what they think the SWOT are in the proposed
activity;
• Can also be used in team meetings to define the most efficient strategy to
overcome resistance to gender equality programmes.
See Example of Harvard Framework overleaf for an Agriculture/Farming Project:
•
•
Harvard Analytical: Productive Work
Harvard Analytical: Reproductive Work
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Appendix B-I
AGRI-FARMING PROJECT
Harvard Analytical: Productive Work
Activities
Production
Activities
Agriculture:
Activity 1
Activity 2, etc.
Income
Generating:
Activity 1
Activity 2, etc.
Employment:
Activity 1
Activity 2, etc
Other:
Women/girl
Men/boys
Access and
Control
Profiles
Resources
Land
Planting
Weeding
Harvesting
Land prepPloughing
Equipment
Labour
Domestic food
sales
Chickens/
Goats
Largely
informal
Supervisory
Formal and
informal
employment
Cash crops
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Cash
Education/
training, etc.
Other
Access
Women/
Men
Control
Women /
Men
Largely
Male
Largely
Male
Largely Male
Largely Male
Largely
Male
Largely
Male
Largely
Male
Largely
Male
Male/Female
Women
catching
up on
formal
education
Appendix B-II
AGRI-FARMING PROJECT
Harvard Analytical: Reproductive Work
Activities
Reproductive
Activities
Water related:
Activity 1
Activity 2, etc
Fuel related:
Food preparation:
Childcare:
Health related:
Cleaning and repair:
Women/girl
Men/boys
Access
Women/
Men
Control
Women /
Men
Largely
Male
Largely Male
Benefits
Outside
income
Fetching
Water pumps
Largely Male
Fodder
collection
Asset
ownership
Most
Most
Most
Most
Basic needs
(food, clothing,
shelter etc)
Market related:
Other:
Access and
Control
Profiles
Formal market
related
transactions
Largely
Male
Education
Largely
Male
Political
power/prestige
Largely
Male
Other
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Largely
Male
Largely Male
Largely Male
Largely Male
Appendix C
GENDERED APPROACH IN VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
A gender-sensitive value chain analysis includes an examination of gender roles at each step
required to bring a product or service from conception, through the intermediary phases of
production, delivery to final consumers, and final disposal after use. This includes a
consideration of gender relations, that is, the relationship between men and women as
demonstrated by their respective roles in power sharing, decision making, the division of labour,
both within the household and society at large (eg banks, trade support institutions, policy
makers). The purpose is to understand and hence address bottlenecks along the chain. Focus:
People
A Gendered Approach to Value Chain Analysis
PHASE
PURPOSE
1-Map gender roles and relations along the
value chain
Identify gender roles and relations along the
value chain
2- Move from gender inequalities to genderbased constraints
Identify how gender inequalities lead to genderbased constraints
3-Assess consequences of gender-based
constraints
Assess the implications of gender-based
constraints on value chains
4-Take action to remove gender-based
constraints
Determine the most appropriate course of
action to remove gender-based constraints
5-Measure progress
Measure success of actions
Source: Rubin, Manfre, and Barrett (2009)
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