Progress Monitoring
Progress monitoring is a scientifically based practice used to assess students’ academic performance and evaluate the
effectiveness of instruction. Progress monitoring documents student growth over time to determine whether the
student is progressing as expected in the core curriculum.
Characteristics of Progress Monitoring
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Simple
Accurate
Efficient
Generalized
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Reliable
Valid
Predictive
Sensitive
In Tier I, monitoring progress is recommended in addition to general screening/benchmarking measures for those at-risk
students that were not performing in the accordance with standards.
Analysis of the monitoring progress will expose false positives, (students that appear to have skill deficits but do not) and
false negatives (students that do not appear to have skill deficits, but do). Unidentified, false positives result in an over
identification of students in need of strategic or intensive interventions that can be costly and time consuming. False
negatives, on the other hand, can result in an under identification of students in need of Tier II or Tier III interventions.
The data collected during monitoring progress at Tier I to at-risk students helps teams make informed decisions at the
classroom level. These data provide a picture of the student’s performance and rate of growth to inform instructional
and curricular changes so that every student reaches proficiency on targeted skills. Students who do not reach a
proficiency level at Tier I will need more strategic interventions. Lack of responsiveness is defined as the rate of
improvement, or a progress slope, that is not sufficient for the student to become proficient with state standards
without more interventions. Five weeks or more after progress monitoring has been initiated for at-risk students is
suggested as a sufficient period to review lack of responsiveness at Tier I. The decision to advance to Tier II is based
upon an analysis of the progress monitoring data and a determination of a lack of responsiveness at Tier I.
At Tier II, monitoring progress involves reviewing existing data of the student’s performance and progress using CBM
tools. Monitoring progress is done more frequently at Tier II than Tier I, usually occurring at least two times per month,
or more frequently as determined by the decision making team. Data gathered through Tier II progress monitoring
informs teams of modifications needed to student intervention plans. For example, if monitoring progress data reflects
student performance below the goal line over four consecutive periods of data collection, the amount and frequency of
the intervention should be increased, or new strategic interventions should be added.
Students who are successful at Tier II may be reintegrated in to Tier I. However, for a small percentage of students, Tier
II interventions will not be enough. If a student is not meeting proficiency after it is determined that Tier II strategic
interventions have been implemented with fidelity, the student will require intensive interventions at Tier III.
Progress monitoring at Tier III is completed more frequently, at least on a weekly basis. An example of an intervention
plan at Tier III may include two 30-minute sessions daily, in addition to the interventions the student is receiving in the
core curriculum.
Prior to selecting intensive interventions, targeted assessments are typically conducted when a student enters Tier III.
These assessments use direct measures in addition to analysis of RtI data to provide more in-depth information about a
student’s instructional needs and are used to identify the student’s skill deficits. Targeted assessments may be
administered by reading specialists, Title I teachers, school psychologists, special education teachers, specially trained
general education teachers, or other specialists. Targeted assessments include the use of interviews, observations, error
analysis techniques, CBMs, CBM Mastery measures, which are used to target a very narrow skill, other standardized
assessments, and/or functional behavioral assessments.
Students who are successful at Tier III may be returned to previous tiers and/or the core curriculum. Students who are
not successful after multiple Tier II intensive interventions must be considered for a referral for special education
evaluation, 504 Plan and/or other long-term planning.
Types of Progress Monitoring
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Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM): are primarily used as a method for progress monitoring and
are characterized as brief, easy to administer and score, and produce measures that are good predictors
of a student’s academic ability. CBMs are used for both screening/benchmarking and progress
monitoring. Other measures of student performance such as classroom observations, state-wide and
district-wide assessments, and other standardized testing may be considered when measuring the
effectiveness of the interventions provided.
AIMSweb-is a benchmark and progress monitoring system based on direct, frequent and continuous
student assessment. The results can be reported to students, parents, teachers and administrators via a
web-based data management and reporting system to determine responsiveness to instruction.
mClass (DIBELS)-the purpose of administering mClass(DIBELS) is to predict which children are at risk of
later reading difficulties, and then we must monitor to see how well our intervention efforts are doing in
helping our students reach critical reading milestones. The most important characteristic of using
DIBELS is its capacity to monitor the progress of students while they are receiving intervention
instruction.
Importance of Progress Monitoring
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Progress monitoring or formative evaluation is a crucial component of the RtI process. Tracking and
evaluating student progress during intervention is important because the information helps determine if
the student is responding to the intervention. Progress monitoring creates the data used to make
decisions about the type and form of instruction or targeted assistance—the intervention—provided to
a low-achieving student, and how well it is working. It is a means to determine when and if an
intervention should continue, be modified, or stopped, and a different intervention begun. This is
particularly crucial in Tiers II and III, when the intervention is more systematic.
The lack of a documented progress monitoring process is fatal to an intervention and the support team
process. Teacher support for and participation in the support team process may suffer if failing
interventions cause teachers to view the support team as ineffective.
Benefits of Progress Monitoring
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Accelerated learning because students are receiving more appropriate instruction.
Helps informed instructional decisions.
Documentation of student progress for accountability purposes.
Higher expectations for students by teachers.
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More appropriate special education referrals.
Overall, the use of progress monitoring results in more efficient and appropriately targeted instructional
techniques and goals that, together, move all students to faster attainment of important standards of
achievement.
Increase motivation when students are involved in tracking their scores.
Progress Monitoring General Outcomes Tools Chart
For more information on progress monitoring tools and their reliability, validity, administration, scoring time and
scoring key, visit the following website: (http://www.rti4success.org/progressMonitoringTools )
Progress Monitoring Examples
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Intervention Central (Free)
Easy CBM (Free)
DIBELS (Free & Cost)
AIMSweb (Cost)
CBM in Reading (Cost)
mClass Math (Cost)
Yearly Progress Pro (Cost)
Vanderbilt RtI Monitor (Cost)
Ed Checkup (Cost)