7 Abbreviations and acronyms This chapter explains the abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this report. 7.1 General abbreviations and acronyms Table 7.1 presents all abbreviations and acronyms used in this report, except for the acronyms of fixed-time research projects that are presented in Table 7.2. Table 7.1 Abbreviations and acronyms (except research projects) Acronym or abbreviation Name Reference A1 See SRES A1B See SRES A1FI See SRES A1T See SRES A2 See SRES AEI Agri-environmental indicator AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models AR5(4) IPCC Fifth (fourth) Assessment Report ASCAT EUMETSAT Advanced SCATterometer http://www.eumetsat.int/Ho me/Main/Satellites/Metop/In struments/SP_201005316161 1647?l=en ASTI Arctic Species Trend Index http://www.caff.is/asti B1 See SRES B2 See SRES BAMBU Business-As-Might-Be-Usual scenario BSH Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Germany) C Carbon CAP Common Agricultural Policy CC IVA Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation CCRA UK Climate Change Risk Assessment http://www.amap.no/ http://www.bsh.de/en/ http://ec.europa.eu/agricultur e/capexplained/index_en.htm http://www.defra.gov.uk/envi ronment/climate/government/ risk-assessment/ [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] 1 CDD Consecutive Dry Days CGCM Coupled General Circulation Model CGE model Computable general equilibirium model CH4 Methane ClimateADAPT European climate adaptation platform http://climateadapt.eea.europa.eu/ CMCC Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambienti Climatici, (Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change) http://www.cmcc.it/ CO2 Carbon dioxide CORINE Land Cover Coordination of Information on the Environment Land Cover database CPR Continuous Plankton Recorder CRED Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CSI EEA Core Set of Indicators CTD Conductivity/Temperature/Depth CTI Community Temperature Index CWD Consecutive Wet Days Defra UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs http://www.defra.gov.uk/cor porate/ DFO Dartmouth Flood Observatory http://floodobservatory.color ado.edu/ DG Directorate General (of the European Commission) DIVA Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment DJF Winter (months December, January, February) DMI Danish Meteorological Institute DPSIR Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses indicator framework EAD Expected Annual Damages EAP Expected Annual Population exposed ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control EcF Economy First scenario (for water) ECHAM5 5th generation of the ECHAM general circulation model http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/e n/science/models/echam/echa m5.html ECHAM5/MP I-OM1 A coupled global general circulation model http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/e n/science/models.html 2 [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] http://www.eea.europa.eu/dat a-andmaps/data#c5=all&c11=land use&c17=&c0=5&b_start=0 http://www.cred.be/ http://www.diva-model.net/ http://www.ecdc.europa.eu ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts http://www.ecmwf.int/ ECV GCOS Essential Climate Variables http://www.wmo.int/pages/pr og/gcos/index.php?name=Es sentialClimateVariables EDO European Drought Observatory (JRC) http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ed ov2/php/index.php?id=1000 EEA European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/ EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone (sea areas) EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System (JRC) http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ EM-DAT Emergency Events Database (CRED) http://www.emdat.be/ ENFIN European National Forest Inventory Network http://enfin.info/ ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation ERA European Research Area ESA European Space Agency http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ind ex.html ESA-CCI ESA Climate Change Initiative http://www.esa-cci.org/ ESDM Empirical-statistical downscaling modelling ESPON European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion http://www.espon.eu/main/M enu_Programme/ ETC-ACM European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/ ETC-BD European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/ ETC-CCA European Topic Centre on Climate Change impacts, http://cca.eionet.europa.eu/ vulnerability and Adaptation ETC-ICM European Topic Centre on Inland, Coastal and Marine waters ETC-LUSI (Former) European Topic Centre on Land Use and Spatial Information EU SDS EU Sustainable Development Strategy EU-27 The 27 Member States of the European Union EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites http://www.eumetsat.int/Ho me/Main/AboutEUMETSAT /index.htm?l=en Eurostat The Statistical Office of the European Union http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat FAO The UN Food and Agriculture Organization http://www.fao.org FoE Fortress Europe scenario (for water) FP(5/6/7) EU’s Framework Programme(s) for Research FWI Canadian Fire Weather Index (forest fires) http://icm.eionet.europa.eu/ http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ho me_en.html [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] 3 GCM General circulation model GCOS Global Climate Observing System GDP Gross domestic product GFCS Global Framework for Climate Services GHG Greenhouse gas; the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) GISS NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies http://www.giss.nasa.gov/ GMES EU Global Monitoring for Environment and Security http://www.gmes.info/ GMSL Global mean sea level GVA Gross value added HadCM3 Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 http://www.metoffice.gov.uk /research/modellingsystems/unifiedmodel/climatemodels/hadcm3 HadCRUT3 Gridded dataset of global historical surface temperature anomalies (Met Office, UK) http://www.metoffice.gov.uk /hadobs/hadcrut3/ HadEX Global land-based climate extremes dataset (Met Office, UK) http://www.metoffice.gov.uk /hadobs/hadex/ HadISST1 Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set http://www.metoffice.gov.uk /hadobs/hadisst/ HC Hadley Centre, UK Meteorological Office HDD Heating degree day HIRHAM Regional climate model (developed by the Danish Meteorological Institute DMI) http://www.dmi.dk/eng/index /research_and_development/i ntroduction_climate.htm HORIZON 2020 The next EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation http://ec.europa.eu/research/h orizon2020/index_en.cfm HPA UK Health Protection Agency http://www.hpa.org.uk/ IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency http://www.iaea.org/ IAM Integrated assessment model (of climate change) ICP Forests International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests http://icp-forests.net/ IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (PBL, the Netherlands) http://themasites.pbl.nl/image INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Institute on Geophysics and Volcanology http://www.ingv.it/en/ 4 [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] http://www.wmo.int/pages/pr og/gcos/index.php?name=Ab outGCOS http://www.wmo.int/pages/gf cs/index_en.php IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ IWT Inland waterway transport JJA Summer (months June, July, August) JPI Joint Programming Initiative JRC The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/in dex.cfm KMNI Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) http://www.knmi.nl LISFLOOD GIS-based hydrological rainfall-runoff-routing model (JRC) http://floods.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ lisflood-model MAM Spring (months March, April, May) MARS/STAT Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing database http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ mars/About-us/The-MARSUnit MERRA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA) http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/d aac-bin/DataHoldings.pl METNO Norwegian Meteorological Institute http://met.no/ MLOST Merged Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (NOAA) http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/er sst/merge.php MO UK Meteorological Office http://www.metoffice.gov.uk / MOC Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation MOON Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network MSFD EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive MSL Mean sea level N2 Nitrogen (gas) NAMEA National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts NAO North Atlantic Oscillation NAP National Adaptation Plan NatCatSERVI CE Natural catastrophe loss database (Munich Re) http://www.munichre.com/en /reinsurance/business/nonlife/georisks/natcatservice/de fault.aspx NCDC NOAA National Climatic Data Center http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa /ncdc.html NOAA US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://www.noaa.gov/ NFI National Forest inventory NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compounds http://www.moonoceanforecasting.eu/ [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] 5 NODUS GIS based software model which provides a tool for detailed analysis of freight transportation over extensive multimodal networks NOx Nitrogen oxides NPP Net primary production NUSAP The Management of Uncertainty and Quality in Quantitative Information http://www.nusap.net/ NUTS(2,3) Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics; NUTS2 = states/provinces; NUTS3 = regional areas, counties, districts http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa. eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_no menclature/introduction NWP Nairobi Work Programme (of the UNFCCC) http://unfccc.int/adaptation/n airobi_work_programme/ite ms/3633.php O2 Oxygen (gas) O3 Ozone (gas) OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OHC Ocean heat content OIE Office International des Epizooties (World Organisation for Animal Health) http://www.oie.int/ OSI SAF EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Ocean and Sea Ice http://www.osi-saf.org/ PDO Pacific decadal oscillation PERMOS Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network pH Decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity (measure of acidity) PIOMAS Pan Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System PM10 Particles in the atmosphere with a diameter of less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometres PM2.5 Particles in the atmosphere with a diameter of less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometres POLES Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems PoR Policy Rules scenario (for water) ppm Parts per million PROVIA Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation 6 [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] http://www.oecd.org http://www.permos.ch/ http://psc.apl.washington.edu /wordpress/research/projects/ projections-of-an-icediminished-arcticocean/data-piomas/ http://www.enerdata.net/ener datauk/solutions/energymodels/poles-model.php http://www.proviaclimatechange.org/HOME/ta bid/55173/Default.aspx RACMO(2) Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (KNMI) http://www.knmi.nl/bibliothe ek/knmipubTR/TR302.pdf RCM Regional climate model RCP Representative concentration pathway RU GSL Rutgers University Global Snow Lab http://climate.rutgers.edu/sno wcover/index.php S550e Greenhouse gas emission scenario targeting stabilisation of concentrations at 550 ppm CO2 equivalent http://ec.europa.eu/clima/poli cies/international/negotiation s/future/docs/pm_summary2 025_en.pdf Sat-Alt Satellite data (on sea level) SDI Sustainable development indicators SEBI 2010 Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/nature/knowledge/eu2010 _indicators/index_en.htm SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (ESA) http://www.esa.int/SPECIAL S/smos/ SOC Soil organic carbon SOER EEA State of the Environment Report SOM Soil organic matter SON Autumn (months September, October, November) SRES IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccrepor ts/sres/emission/index.php?id p=0 SREX IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation http://www.ipccwg2.gov/SREX/ SSR Seasonal Severity Rating (index of forest fire risk) SST Sea surface temperature SuE Sustainability Eventually scenario (for water) SWE Snow water equivalent SYKE Suomen ympäristökeskus (Finnish Environment Institute) TBE Tick-borne encephalitis TCI Tourism climatic index TERM Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism UHI Urban heat island effect UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification http://www.unccd.int/en/Pag es/default.aspx UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe http://www.unece.org/ http://www.environment.fi/sy ke http://www.eea.europa.eu/the mes/transport/term [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] 7 UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/ USGS US Geological Survey http://www.usgs.gov/ VBORNET European Network for Arthropod Vector Surveillance for Human Public Health http://www.vbornet.eu/ VOLY Value of a Life Year Lost VSL Value of a Statistical Life WCC-3 World Climate Conference-3 WEI Water Exploitation Index WFD Water Framework Directive WHO World Health Organization http://www.who.int WISE Water Information System for Europe http://water.europa.eu/ WMO World Meteorological Organization http://www.wmo.int/ WNV West Nile Virus (disease-causing agent) WSD Water scarcity and drought XBT Expandable bathythermograph (device to measure water temperature at different depths) 7.2 http://www.wmo.int/wcc3/pa ge_en.php Acronyms of research projects Table 7.2 presents those research projects that are explicitly mentioned in the text of this report. Many more projects have contributed to the publications cited in this report and to the data presented therein, but the compilation of a complete overview was not feasible. Table 7.2 Acronyms of research projects Project acronym Project name Website Fundin g ACCESS Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society http://www.access-eu.org FP7 AdaptAlp Adaptation to Climate Change in the Alpine Space http://www.adaptalp.org/ ERDF ARISCC Adaptation of Railway Infrastructure to Climate Change http://www.ariscc.org/ Europea n Rail compani es BaltAdapt Baltic Sea Region http://www.baltadapt.eu/ ERDF Climate Change Adaptation Strategy cCASHh 8 Climate change and adaptation strategies for human health in Europe http://ec.europa.eu/researc FP5 h/environment/pdf/env_he alth_projects/climate_cha [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] nge/cl-ccashh.pdf CEHAPIS Climate, Environment and Health Action Plan and Information System http://www.euro.who.int/c limatechange (not yet published) WHO, DG SANCO CIRCE Climate Change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environment http://www.circeproject.e u/ FP6 CIRCLE-2 Climate Impact Research & Response Coordination for a Larger Europe http://www.circle-era.eu/ ClimAlpTour Climate Change and its impact on tourism in the Alpine Space http://www.climalptour.eu ERDF / ClimateCost The Full cost of climate change http://www.climatecost.cc / FP7 ClimateTRAP Training, Adaptation, Preparedness of the Health Care System to Climate Change http://www.climatetrap.eu / EAHC ClimSAVE Climate Change integrated assessment methodology for cross-sectoral adaptation and vulnerability in Europe http://www.climsave.eu/cl imsave/index.html FP7 ClimWatAdap t Climate adaptation - modelling water scenarios and sectoral impacts http://www.climwatadapt. eu/ DG ENV CLISP Climate Change Adaptation by Spatial Planning in the Alpine Space http://www.clisp.eu/conte nt/?q=node/2 ERDF Conscience Concepts and Science for Coastal Erosion management http://www.conscienceeu.net/ FP6 COST725 Establishing a European Phenological Data Platform for Climatological Applications http://topshare.wur.nl/cost 725/ FP7 COST CryoClim Monitoring Climate Change in the Cryosphere http://www.cryoclim.net NSC and ESA Deduce Sustainable development of European coastal zones http://www.deduce.eu/ Interreg IIIC South ECA&D European Climate Assessment & Dataset project http://eca.knmi.nl/ KNMI, EC, EUMET NET ECCONET Effects of climate change on the inland waterway networks http://www.ecconet.eu FP7 EDEN Emerging Diseases in a changing European eNvironment http://www.edenfp6project.net/ FP6 EDENext Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe http://www.edenext.eu/ FP7 emBRACE Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe http://embrace-eu.org/ FP7 [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] 9 ENSEMBLES ENSEMBLES http://www.ensembleseu.org/ FP6 ERA-CLIM European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations (GMES) http://www.era-clim.eu/ EU ESPON Climate Climate Change and Territorial Effects on Regions and Local Economies http://www.espon.eu/main ERDF /Menu_Projects/Menu_A ppliedResearch/climate.ht ml ESPONDEMIFER Demographic and Migratory Flows Affecting European Regions and Cities http://www.espon.eu/main ERDF /Menu_Projects/Menu_A ppliedResearch/demifer.ht ml EURO4M European Reanalysis and Observations for Monitoring http://www.euro4m.eu/ GMES, FP7 Euro-Argo European contribution to Argo program http://www.euro-argo.eu/ FP7 ESFRI EuroMOMO The European Mortality Monitoring Project http://www.euromomo.eu/ DG SANCO Eurosion European initiative for sustainable coastal erosion management http://www.eurosion.org/ DG ENV EWENT Extreme weather impacts on European networks of transport http://ewent.vtt.fi/about.ht m FP7 JRA-25 Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project http://www.jreap.org/inde xe.html JMA MEDIATION Methodology for Effective Decisionmaking on Impacts and AdaptaTion http://mediationproject.eu/ FP7 MyOcean Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting http://www.myocean.eu FP7, GMES NCEP CFSR National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/c fsr/ NOAA PACE Permafrost and Climate in Europe http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~h oelzle/pace.html EU PESETA Projection of Economic impacts of climate change in Sectors of the European Union based on boTtom-up Analysis http://peseta.jrc.ec.europa. eu/ JRC PLUREL Peri-urban Land Use Relationships http://www.plurel.net/ FP6 PRUDENCE Prediction of Regional scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining EuropeaN Climate change risks and Effects http://prudence.dmi.dk FP5 RESPONSES European responses to climate change: deep http://www.responsesproj emissions reductions and mainstreaming of ect.eu/ mitigation and adaptation FP7 SCENES Water Scenarios for Europe and for FP6 10 http://www.environment.f [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] WEATHER Neighbouring States i/syke/scenes Weather Extremes: Impacts on Transport Systems and Hazards for European Regions http://www.weatherproject.eu [Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe] FP7 11