7
Abbreviations and acronyms
This chapter explains the abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this report.
7.1
General abbreviations and acronyms
Table 7.1 presents all abbreviations and acronyms used in this report, except for the acronyms of
fixed-time research projects that are presented in Table 7.2.
Table 7.1
Abbreviations and acronyms (except research projects)
Acronym or
abbreviation
Name
Reference
A1
See SRES
A1B
See SRES
A1FI
See SRES
A1T
See SRES
A2
See SRES
AEI
Agri-environmental indicator
AMAP
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
AOGCM
Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models
AR5(4)
IPCC Fifth (fourth) Assessment Report
ASCAT
EUMETSAT Advanced SCATterometer
http://www.eumetsat.int/Ho
me/Main/Satellites/Metop/In
struments/SP_201005316161
1647?l=en
ASTI
Arctic Species Trend Index
http://www.caff.is/asti
B1
See SRES
B2
See SRES
BAMBU
Business-As-Might-Be-Usual scenario
BSH
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie
(Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency,
Germany)
C
Carbon
CAP
Common Agricultural Policy
CC IVA
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and
adaptation
CCRA
UK Climate Change Risk Assessment
http://www.amap.no/
http://www.bsh.de/en/
http://ec.europa.eu/agricultur
e/capexplained/index_en.htm
http://www.defra.gov.uk/envi
ronment/climate/government/
risk-assessment/
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
1
CDD
Consecutive Dry Days
CGCM
Coupled General Circulation Model
CGE model
Computable general equilibirium model
CH4
Methane
ClimateADAPT
European climate adaptation platform
http://climateadapt.eea.europa.eu/
CMCC
Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambienti Climatici,
(Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change)
http://www.cmcc.it/
CO2
Carbon dioxide
CORINE
Land Cover
Coordination of Information on the Environment
Land Cover database
CPR
Continuous Plankton Recorder
CRED
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
Disasters
CSI
EEA Core Set of Indicators
CTD
Conductivity/Temperature/Depth
CTI
Community Temperature Index
CWD
Consecutive Wet Days
Defra
UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs
http://www.defra.gov.uk/cor
porate/
DFO
Dartmouth Flood Observatory
http://floodobservatory.color
ado.edu/
DG
Directorate General (of the European Commission)
DIVA
Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment
DJF
Winter (months December, January, February)
DMI
Danish Meteorological Institute
DPSIR
Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses
indicator framework
EAD
Expected Annual Damages
EAP
Expected Annual Population exposed
ECDC
European Centre for Disease Prevention and
Control
EcF
Economy First scenario (for water)
ECHAM5
5th generation of the ECHAM general circulation
model
http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/e
n/science/models/echam/echa
m5.html
ECHAM5/MP
I-OM1
A coupled global general circulation model
http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/e
n/science/models.html
2
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
http://www.eea.europa.eu/dat
a-andmaps/data#c5=all&c11=land
use&c17=&c0=5&b_start=0
http://www.cred.be/
http://www.diva-model.net/
http://www.ecdc.europa.eu
ECMWF
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts
http://www.ecmwf.int/
ECV
GCOS Essential Climate Variables
http://www.wmo.int/pages/pr
og/gcos/index.php?name=Es
sentialClimateVariables
EDO
European Drought Observatory (JRC)
http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ed
ov2/php/index.php?id=1000
EEA
European Environment Agency
http://www.eea.europa.eu/
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone (sea areas)
EFFIS
European Forest Fire Information System (JRC)
http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
EM-DAT
Emergency Events Database (CRED)
http://www.emdat.be/
ENFIN
European National Forest Inventory Network
http://enfin.info/
ENSO
El Niño-Southern Oscillation
ERA
European Research Area
ESA
European Space Agency
http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ind
ex.html
ESA-CCI
ESA Climate Change Initiative
http://www.esa-cci.org/
ESDM
Empirical-statistical downscaling modelling
ESPON
European Observation Network for Territorial
Development and Cohesion
http://www.espon.eu/main/M
enu_Programme/
ETC-ACM
European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and
Climate Change Mitigation
http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/
ETC-BD
European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity
http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/
ETC-CCA
European Topic Centre on Climate Change impacts, http://cca.eionet.europa.eu/
vulnerability and Adaptation
ETC-ICM
European Topic Centre on Inland, Coastal and
Marine waters
ETC-LUSI
(Former) European Topic Centre on Land Use and
Spatial Information
EU SDS
EU Sustainable Development Strategy
EU-27
The 27 Member States of the European Union
EUMETSAT
European Organisation for the Exploitation of
Meteorological Satellites
http://www.eumetsat.int/Ho
me/Main/AboutEUMETSAT
/index.htm?l=en
Eurostat
The Statistical Office of the European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
FAO
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization
http://www.fao.org
FoE
Fortress Europe scenario (for water)
FP(5/6/7)
EU’s Framework Programme(s) for Research
FWI
Canadian Fire Weather Index (forest fires)
http://icm.eionet.europa.eu/
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ho
me_en.html
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
3
GCM
General circulation model
GCOS
Global Climate Observing System
GDP
Gross domestic product
GFCS
Global Framework for Climate Services
GHG
Greenhouse gas; the most important anthropogenic
greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)
GISS
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/
GMES
EU Global Monitoring for Environment and
Security
http://www.gmes.info/
GMSL
Global mean sea level
GVA
Gross value added
HadCM3
Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk
/research/modellingsystems/unifiedmodel/climatemodels/hadcm3
HadCRUT3
Gridded dataset of global historical surface
temperature anomalies (Met Office, UK)
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk
/hadobs/hadcrut3/
HadEX
Global land-based climate extremes dataset
(Met Office, UK)
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk
/hadobs/hadex/
HadISST1
Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface
Temperature data set
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk
/hadobs/hadisst/
HC
Hadley Centre, UK Meteorological Office
HDD
Heating degree day
HIRHAM
Regional climate model (developed by the Danish
Meteorological Institute DMI)
http://www.dmi.dk/eng/index
/research_and_development/i
ntroduction_climate.htm
HORIZON
2020
The next EU Framework Programme for Research
and Innovation
http://ec.europa.eu/research/h
orizon2020/index_en.cfm
HPA
UK Health Protection Agency
http://www.hpa.org.uk/
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
http://www.iaea.org/
IAM
Integrated assessment model (of climate change)
ICP Forests
International Co-operative Programme on
Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects
on Forests
http://icp-forests.net/
IMAGE
Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment
(PBL, the Netherlands)
http://themasites.pbl.nl/image
INGV
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,
National Institute on Geophysics and Volcanology
http://www.ingv.it/en/
4
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
http://www.wmo.int/pages/pr
og/gcos/index.php?name=Ab
outGCOS
http://www.wmo.int/pages/gf
cs/index_en.php
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
http://www.ipcc.ch/
IWT
Inland waterway transport
JJA
Summer (months June, July, August)
JPI
Joint Programming Initiative
JRC
The Joint Research Centre of the European
Commission
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/in
dex.cfm
KMNI
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
(Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute)
http://www.knmi.nl
LISFLOOD
GIS-based hydrological rainfall-runoff-routing
model (JRC)
http://floods.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
lisflood-model
MAM
Spring (months March, April, May)
MARS/STAT
Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing
database
http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
mars/About-us/The-MARSUnit
MERRA
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research
and Applications (NASA)
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/d
aac-bin/DataHoldings.pl
METNO
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
http://met.no/
MLOST
Merged Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis
(NOAA)
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/er
sst/merge.php
MO
UK Meteorological Office
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk
/
MOC
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
MOON
Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network
MSFD
EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive
MSL
Mean sea level
N2
Nitrogen (gas)
NAMEA
National Accounting Matrix including
Environmental Accounts
NAO
North Atlantic Oscillation
NAP
National Adaptation Plan
NatCatSERVI
CE
Natural catastrophe loss database (Munich Re)
http://www.munichre.com/en
/reinsurance/business/nonlife/georisks/natcatservice/de
fault.aspx
NCDC
NOAA National Climatic Data Center
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa
/ncdc.html
NOAA
US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
http://www.noaa.gov/
NFI
National Forest inventory
NMVOC
Non-methane volatile organic compounds
http://www.moonoceanforecasting.eu/
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
5
NODUS
GIS based software model which provides a tool for
detailed analysis of freight transportation over
extensive multimodal networks
NOx
Nitrogen oxides
NPP
Net primary production
NUSAP
The Management of Uncertainty and Quality in
Quantitative Information
http://www.nusap.net/
NUTS(2,3)
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics;
NUTS2 = states/provinces; NUTS3 = regional
areas, counties, districts
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.
eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_no
menclature/introduction
NWP
Nairobi Work Programme (of the UNFCCC)
http://unfccc.int/adaptation/n
airobi_work_programme/ite
ms/3633.php
O2
Oxygen (gas)
O3
Ozone (gas)
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
OHC
Ocean heat content
OIE
Office International des Epizooties (World
Organisation for Animal Health)
http://www.oie.int/
OSI SAF
EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on
Ocean and Sea Ice
http://www.osi-saf.org/
PDO
Pacific decadal oscillation
PERMOS
Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network
pH
Decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen
ion activity (measure of acidity)
PIOMAS
Pan Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation
System
PM10
Particles in the atmosphere with a diameter of less
than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometres
PM2.5
Particles in the atmosphere with a diameter of less
than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometres
POLES
Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems
PoR
Policy Rules scenario (for water)
ppm
Parts per million
PROVIA
Programme of Research on Climate Change
Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation
6
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
http://www.oecd.org
http://www.permos.ch/
http://psc.apl.washington.edu
/wordpress/research/projects/
projections-of-an-icediminished-arcticocean/data-piomas/
http://www.enerdata.net/ener
datauk/solutions/energymodels/poles-model.php
http://www.proviaclimatechange.org/HOME/ta
bid/55173/Default.aspx
RACMO(2)
Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (KNMI)
http://www.knmi.nl/bibliothe
ek/knmipubTR/TR302.pdf
RCM
Regional climate model
RCP
Representative concentration pathway
RU GSL
Rutgers University Global Snow Lab
http://climate.rutgers.edu/sno
wcover/index.php
S550e
Greenhouse gas emission scenario targeting
stabilisation of concentrations at 550 ppm CO2
equivalent
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/poli
cies/international/negotiation
s/future/docs/pm_summary2
025_en.pdf
Sat-Alt
Satellite data (on sea level)
SDI
Sustainable development indicators
SEBI 2010
Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity
Indicators
http://ec.europa.eu/environm
ent/nature/knowledge/eu2010
_indicators/index_en.htm
SMOS
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (ESA)
http://www.esa.int/SPECIAL
S/smos/
SOC
Soil organic carbon
SOER
EEA State of the Environment Report
SOM
Soil organic matter
SON
Autumn (months September, October, November)
SRES
IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccrepor
ts/sres/emission/index.php?id
p=0
SREX
IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of
Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate
Change Adaptation
http://www.ipccwg2.gov/SREX/
SSR
Seasonal Severity Rating (index of forest fire risk)
SST
Sea surface temperature
SuE
Sustainability Eventually scenario (for water)
SWE
Snow water equivalent
SYKE
Suomen ympäristökeskus (Finnish Environment
Institute)
TBE
Tick-borne encephalitis
TCI
Tourism climatic index
TERM
Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism
UHI
Urban heat island effect
UNCCD
United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification
http://www.unccd.int/en/Pag
es/default.aspx
UNECE
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
http://www.unece.org/
http://www.environment.fi/sy
ke
http://www.eea.europa.eu/the
mes/transport/term
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
7
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
http://unfccc.int/
USGS
US Geological Survey
http://www.usgs.gov/
VBORNET
European Network for Arthropod Vector
Surveillance for Human Public Health
http://www.vbornet.eu/
VOLY
Value of a Life Year Lost
VSL
Value of a Statistical Life
WCC-3
World Climate Conference-3
WEI
Water Exploitation Index
WFD
Water Framework Directive
WHO
World Health Organization
http://www.who.int
WISE
Water Information System for Europe
http://water.europa.eu/
WMO
World Meteorological Organization
http://www.wmo.int/
WNV
West Nile Virus (disease-causing agent)
WSD
Water scarcity and drought
XBT
Expandable bathythermograph (device to measure
water temperature at different depths)
7.2
http://www.wmo.int/wcc3/pa
ge_en.php
Acronyms of research projects
Table 7.2 presents those research projects that are explicitly mentioned in the text of this report. Many
more projects have contributed to the publications cited in this report and to the data presented
therein, but the compilation of a complete overview was not feasible.
Table 7.2
Acronyms of research projects
Project
acronym
Project name
Website
Fundin
g
ACCESS
Arctic Climate Change, Economy and
Society
http://www.access-eu.org
FP7
AdaptAlp
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Alpine
Space
http://www.adaptalp.org/
ERDF
ARISCC
Adaptation of Railway Infrastructure to
Climate Change
http://www.ariscc.org/
Europea
n Rail
compani
es
BaltAdapt
Baltic Sea Region
http://www.baltadapt.eu/
ERDF
Climate Change Adaptation
Strategy
cCASHh
8
Climate change and adaptation strategies
for human health in Europe
http://ec.europa.eu/researc FP5
h/environment/pdf/env_he
alth_projects/climate_cha
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
nge/cl-ccashh.pdf
CEHAPIS
Climate, Environment and Health Action
Plan and Information System
http://www.euro.who.int/c
limatechange (not yet
published)
WHO,
DG
SANCO
CIRCE
Climate Change and Impact Research: the
Mediterranean Environment
http://www.circeproject.e
u/
FP6
CIRCLE-2
Climate Impact Research & Response
Coordination for a Larger Europe
http://www.circle-era.eu/
ClimAlpTour
Climate Change and its impact on tourism
in the Alpine Space
http://www.climalptour.eu ERDF
/
ClimateCost
The Full cost of climate change
http://www.climatecost.cc
/
FP7
ClimateTRAP
Training, Adaptation, Preparedness of the
Health Care System to Climate Change
http://www.climatetrap.eu
/
EAHC
ClimSAVE
Climate Change integrated assessment
methodology for cross-sectoral adaptation
and vulnerability in Europe
http://www.climsave.eu/cl
imsave/index.html
FP7
ClimWatAdap
t
Climate adaptation - modelling water
scenarios and sectoral impacts
http://www.climwatadapt.
eu/
DG
ENV
CLISP
Climate Change Adaptation by Spatial
Planning in the Alpine Space
http://www.clisp.eu/conte
nt/?q=node/2
ERDF
Conscience
Concepts and Science for Coastal Erosion
management
http://www.conscienceeu.net/
FP6
COST725
Establishing a European Phenological Data
Platform for Climatological Applications
http://topshare.wur.nl/cost
725/
FP7
COST
CryoClim
Monitoring Climate Change in the
Cryosphere
http://www.cryoclim.net
NSC
and
ESA
Deduce
Sustainable development of European
coastal zones
http://www.deduce.eu/
Interreg
IIIC
South
ECA&D
European Climate Assessment & Dataset
project
http://eca.knmi.nl/
KNMI,
EC,
EUMET
NET
ECCONET
Effects of climate change
on the inland waterway networks
http://www.ecconet.eu
FP7
EDEN
Emerging Diseases in a changing European
eNvironment
http://www.edenfp6project.net/
FP6
EDENext
Biology and control of vector-borne
infections in Europe
http://www.edenext.eu/
FP7
emBRACE
Building Resilience Amongst Communities
in Europe
http://embrace-eu.org/
FP7
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
9
ENSEMBLES
ENSEMBLES
http://www.ensembleseu.org/
FP6
ERA-CLIM
European Reanalysis of Global Climate
Observations (GMES)
http://www.era-clim.eu/
EU
ESPON
Climate
Climate Change and Territorial Effects on
Regions and Local Economies
http://www.espon.eu/main ERDF
/Menu_Projects/Menu_A
ppliedResearch/climate.ht
ml
ESPONDEMIFER
Demographic and Migratory Flows
Affecting European Regions and Cities
http://www.espon.eu/main ERDF
/Menu_Projects/Menu_A
ppliedResearch/demifer.ht
ml
EURO4M
European Reanalysis and Observations for
Monitoring
http://www.euro4m.eu/
GMES,
FP7
Euro-Argo
European contribution to Argo program
http://www.euro-argo.eu/
FP7
ESFRI
EuroMOMO
The European Mortality Monitoring Project
http://www.euromomo.eu/ DG
SANCO
Eurosion
European initiative for sustainable coastal
erosion management
http://www.eurosion.org/
DG
ENV
EWENT
Extreme weather impacts on European
networks of transport
http://ewent.vtt.fi/about.ht
m
FP7
JRA-25
Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project
http://www.jreap.org/inde
xe.html
JMA
MEDIATION
Methodology for Effective Decisionmaking on Impacts and AdaptaTion
http://mediationproject.eu/
FP7
MyOcean
Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting
http://www.myocean.eu
FP7,
GMES
NCEP CFSR
National Centers for Environmental
Prediction Climate Forecast System
Reanalysis
http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/c
fsr/
NOAA
PACE
Permafrost and Climate in Europe
http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~h
oelzle/pace.html
EU
PESETA
Projection of Economic impacts of climate
change in Sectors of the European Union
based on boTtom-up Analysis
http://peseta.jrc.ec.europa.
eu/
JRC
PLUREL
Peri-urban Land Use Relationships
http://www.plurel.net/
FP6
PRUDENCE
Prediction of Regional scenarios and
Uncertainties for Defining EuropeaN
Climate change risks and Effects
http://prudence.dmi.dk
FP5
RESPONSES
European responses to climate change: deep http://www.responsesproj
emissions reductions and mainstreaming of ect.eu/
mitigation and adaptation
FP7
SCENES
Water Scenarios for Europe and for
FP6
10
http://www.environment.f
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
WEATHER
Neighbouring States
i/syke/scenes
Weather Extremes: Impacts on Transport
Systems and Hazards for European Regions
http://www.weatherproject.eu
[Climate change, impacts, and vulnerability in Europe]
FP7
11