REVIEW: acids, bases, elements (pd. 7)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Acids taste
9. The acids produced in largest quantity are primarily
a. sweet.
used to manufacture
b. sour.
a. agricultural products.
c. bitter.
b. laboratory chemicals.
d. salty.
c. metal products.
d. paints and dyes.
2. Acetic acid is found in significant quantities in
a. lemons.
10. Which acid is used in batteries?
b. vinegar.
a. hydrochloric acid
c. sour milk.
b. phosphoric acid
d. apples.
c. nitric acid
d. sulfuric acid
3. Acids generally release H2 gas when they react with
a. nonmetals.
11. What acid is used to make fertilizers and detergents
b. semimetals.
and is a flavoring agent in beverages?
c. active metals.
a. hydrochloric acid
d. inactive metals.
b. phosphoric acid
c. nitric acid
4. Acids make litmus paper turn
d. sulfuric acid
a. red.
b. yellow.
12. What acid is used mainly in the manufacture of
c. blue.
explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, and drugs?
d. black.
a. hydrochloric acid
b. phosphoric acid
5. Acids react with
c. nitric acid
a. bases to produce salts and water.
d. sulfuric acid
b. salts to produce bases and water.
c. water to produce bases and salts.
13. What acid is produced in the stomach?
d. neither bases, salts, nor water.
a. hydrochloric acid
b. phosphoric acid
6. Bases taste
c. nitric acid
a. soapy.
d. sulfuric acid
b. sour.
c. sweet.
14. What acid is used to pickle metals, process food, and
d. bitter.
activate oil wells?
a. hydrochloric acid
7. Bases feel
b. phosphoric acid
a. rough.
c. nitric acid
b. moist.
d. sulfuric acid
c. slippery.
d. dry.
15. What acid is found in vinegar?
a. acetic acid
8. Bases make litmus paper turn
b. nitric acid
a. blue.
c. phosphoric acid
b. red.
d. hydrochloric acid
c. yellow.
d. black.
H3O+ + H2PO4–, the
16. According to the traditional definition, an acid
contains
a. hydrogen and does not ionize.
b. hydrogen and ionizes to form hydrogen ions.
c. oxygen and ionizes to form hydroxide ions.
d. oxygen and ionizes to form oxygen ions.
24. In the reaction H3PO4 + H2O
molecule H2O acts as a(n)
a. acid.
b. base.
c. ion.
d. salt.
17. Which of the following is NOT a strong acid?
a. HNO3
b. CH3COOH
c. H2SO4
d. HCl
25. The substances produced when KOH(aq)
neutralizes HCl(aq) are
a. HClO(aq) and KH(aq).
b. KH2O+(aq) and Cl–(aq).
c. H2O(l) and KCl(aq).
d. H3O+(aq) and KCl(aq).
18. Which of the following is a strong acid?
a. HSO4–
b. H2SO4
c. CH3COOH
d. H3PO4
19. Hydroxides of Group 1 metals
a. are all strong bases.
b. are all weak bases.
c. are all acids.
d. might be either strong or weak bases.
20. In water, hydroxides of Group 2 metals
a. are all strong bases.
b. are all weak bases.
c. are all acids.
d. might be either strong or weak bases.
21. Which of the following is a strong base?
a. NH3
b. aniline
c. NaOH
d. acetate ion
22. In the reaction NH3 + H2O
a(n)
a. acid.
b. ion
c. base.
d. salt
23. In the reaction H3PO4 + H2O
ion H2PO4– acts as a(n)
a. acid.
b. base.
c. ion.
d. salt.
NH4+ + OH–, H2O is
H3O+ + H2PO4–, the
26. What is neutralization?
a. an acid-base reaction that does not include
dissocation of ions
b. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide
ions to form a salt
c. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide
ions to form water molecules
d. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide
ions to form water molecules and a salt
27. A salt is NOT
a. an ionic compound composed of a metal cation
from a base.
b. an ionic compound composed of an anion from
an acid.
c. a product of neutralization.
d. a spectator ion.
28. Which of the following is NOT involved in
neutralizations?
a. H3O+ ion
b. OH– ion
c. an acid and a base in an aqueous solution
d. neutral compound
29. What is the formula for phosphoric acid?
a. H PO
b. H PO
c. HPO
d. HPO
30. Which of the following is a property of an acid?
a. sour taste
b. nonelectrolyte
c. strong color
d. unreactive
31. What is a property of a base?
a. bitter taste
b. watery feel
c. strong color
d. unreactive
32. Which compound can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry
acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base?
a. water
b. ammonia
c. sodium hydroxide
d. hydrochloric acid
33. In the reaction CO
+H O
HCO
+
OH , the carbonate ion is acting as a(n) ____.
a. ion
b. salt
c. base
d. acid
34. What is the charge on the hydronium ion?
a. 2–
b. 2–
c. 0
d. 1+
35. If the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is 10
M, is the solution acidic, alkaline, or neutral?
a. acidic
b. alkaline
c. neutral
d. The answer cannot be determined.
36. In a neutral solution, the [H ] is ____.
a. 10 M
b. zero
c. 1 10 M
d. equal to [OH ]
37. What is pH?
a. the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion
concentration
b. the positive logarithm of the hydrogen ion
concentration
c. the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion
concentration
d. the positive logarithm of the hydroxide ion
concentration
38. Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. The type varies, depending on the solution.
39. Which of these solutions is the most basic?
a. [H ] = 1 10 M
b. [OH ] = 1 10 M
c. [H ] = 1 10 M
d. [OH ] = 1 10 M
40. The process of adding a known amount of solution
of known concentration to determine the
concentration of another solution is called ____.
a. neutralization
b. hydrolysis
c. titration
d. buffer capacity
41. In a titration, when the number of moles of hydrogen
ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions,
what is said to have happened?
a. The equivalence point has been reached.
b. The end point has been reached.
c. The point of neutralization has been reached.
d. The titration has failed.
Problems
Show all work and round answers to the hundredths place.
42. If the pH is 3, determine the pOH.
43. If the pH is 8.32, determine the pOH.
46. If the hydrogen ion concentration is 2.7 x 10-5 M,
determine the hydroxide concentration.
44. If the hydrogen concentration of a solution is 1.42 x
10-5 M, determine the pH and pOH of the solution.
47. If the hydroxide concentration is 1.2 x 10-7 M,
determine the hydrogen ion concentration.
45. If the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is
5.22 x 10-9 M, determine the pH and pOH of the
solution.
48. If the hydroxide concentration of a solution is 5.12 x
10-3 M, determine the pH.
Short Answer
Answer the questions for each of the elements:
a. silver
b. phosphorus
c. oxygen
d. mercury
e. silicon
f. nitrogen
49. Identify at least 4 uses in industry or everyday life.
50. Explain how the element was discovered, who
discovered it (if applicable), and where it was
discovered or first used.
REVIEW: acids, bases, elements (pd. 7)
Answer Section
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PROBLEM
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11
5.68
pH 4.85; pOH 9.15
pH 8.28; pOH 5.72
3.70 x 10-8 M
8.33 x 10-8 M
11.71