REVIEW: acids, bases, elements (pd. 7) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Acids taste 9. The acids produced in largest quantity are primarily a. sweet. used to manufacture b. sour. a. agricultural products. c. bitter. b. laboratory chemicals. d. salty. c. metal products. d. paints and dyes. 2. Acetic acid is found in significant quantities in a. lemons. 10. Which acid is used in batteries? b. vinegar. a. hydrochloric acid c. sour milk. b. phosphoric acid d. apples. c. nitric acid d. sulfuric acid 3. Acids generally release H2 gas when they react with a. nonmetals. 11. What acid is used to make fertilizers and detergents b. semimetals. and is a flavoring agent in beverages? c. active metals. a. hydrochloric acid d. inactive metals. b. phosphoric acid c. nitric acid 4. Acids make litmus paper turn d. sulfuric acid a. red. b. yellow. 12. What acid is used mainly in the manufacture of c. blue. explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, and drugs? d. black. a. hydrochloric acid b. phosphoric acid 5. Acids react with c. nitric acid a. bases to produce salts and water. d. sulfuric acid b. salts to produce bases and water. c. water to produce bases and salts. 13. What acid is produced in the stomach? d. neither bases, salts, nor water. a. hydrochloric acid b. phosphoric acid 6. Bases taste c. nitric acid a. soapy. d. sulfuric acid b. sour. c. sweet. 14. What acid is used to pickle metals, process food, and d. bitter. activate oil wells? a. hydrochloric acid 7. Bases feel b. phosphoric acid a. rough. c. nitric acid b. moist. d. sulfuric acid c. slippery. d. dry. 15. What acid is found in vinegar? a. acetic acid 8. Bases make litmus paper turn b. nitric acid a. blue. c. phosphoric acid b. red. d. hydrochloric acid c. yellow. d. black. H3O+ + H2PO4–, the 16. According to the traditional definition, an acid contains a. hydrogen and does not ionize. b. hydrogen and ionizes to form hydrogen ions. c. oxygen and ionizes to form hydroxide ions. d. oxygen and ionizes to form oxygen ions. 24. In the reaction H3PO4 + H2O molecule H2O acts as a(n) a. acid. b. base. c. ion. d. salt. 17. Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? a. HNO3 b. CH3COOH c. H2SO4 d. HCl 25. The substances produced when KOH(aq) neutralizes HCl(aq) are a. HClO(aq) and KH(aq). b. KH2O+(aq) and Cl–(aq). c. H2O(l) and KCl(aq). d. H3O+(aq) and KCl(aq). 18. Which of the following is a strong acid? a. HSO4– b. H2SO4 c. CH3COOH d. H3PO4 19. Hydroxides of Group 1 metals a. are all strong bases. b. are all weak bases. c. are all acids. d. might be either strong or weak bases. 20. In water, hydroxides of Group 2 metals a. are all strong bases. b. are all weak bases. c. are all acids. d. might be either strong or weak bases. 21. Which of the following is a strong base? a. NH3 b. aniline c. NaOH d. acetate ion 22. In the reaction NH3 + H2O a(n) a. acid. b. ion c. base. d. salt 23. In the reaction H3PO4 + H2O ion H2PO4– acts as a(n) a. acid. b. base. c. ion. d. salt. NH4+ + OH–, H2O is H3O+ + H2PO4–, the 26. What is neutralization? a. an acid-base reaction that does not include dissocation of ions b. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form a salt c. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules d. a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules and a salt 27. A salt is NOT a. an ionic compound composed of a metal cation from a base. b. an ionic compound composed of an anion from an acid. c. a product of neutralization. d. a spectator ion. 28. Which of the following is NOT involved in neutralizations? a. H3O+ ion b. OH– ion c. an acid and a base in an aqueous solution d. neutral compound 29. What is the formula for phosphoric acid? a. H PO b. H PO c. HPO d. HPO 30. Which of the following is a property of an acid? a. sour taste b. nonelectrolyte c. strong color d. unreactive 31. What is a property of a base? a. bitter taste b. watery feel c. strong color d. unreactive 32. Which compound can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base? a. water b. ammonia c. sodium hydroxide d. hydrochloric acid 33. In the reaction CO +H O HCO + OH , the carbonate ion is acting as a(n) ____. a. ion b. salt c. base d. acid 34. What is the charge on the hydronium ion? a. 2– b. 2– c. 0 d. 1+ 35. If the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is 10 M, is the solution acidic, alkaline, or neutral? a. acidic b. alkaline c. neutral d. The answer cannot be determined. 36. In a neutral solution, the [H ] is ____. a. 10 M b. zero c. 1 10 M d. equal to [OH ] 37. What is pH? a. the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration b. the positive logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration c. the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration d. the positive logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration 38. Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8? a. acidic b. basic c. neutral d. The type varies, depending on the solution. 39. Which of these solutions is the most basic? a. [H ] = 1 10 M b. [OH ] = 1 10 M c. [H ] = 1 10 M d. [OH ] = 1 10 M 40. The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is called ____. a. neutralization b. hydrolysis c. titration d. buffer capacity 41. In a titration, when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions, what is said to have happened? a. The equivalence point has been reached. b. The end point has been reached. c. The point of neutralization has been reached. d. The titration has failed. Problems Show all work and round answers to the hundredths place. 42. If the pH is 3, determine the pOH. 43. If the pH is 8.32, determine the pOH. 46. If the hydrogen ion concentration is 2.7 x 10-5 M, determine the hydroxide concentration. 44. If the hydrogen concentration of a solution is 1.42 x 10-5 M, determine the pH and pOH of the solution. 47. If the hydroxide concentration is 1.2 x 10-7 M, determine the hydrogen ion concentration. 45. If the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is 5.22 x 10-9 M, determine the pH and pOH of the solution. 48. If the hydroxide concentration of a solution is 5.12 x 10-3 M, determine the pH. Short Answer Answer the questions for each of the elements: a. silver b. phosphorus c. oxygen d. mercury e. silicon f. nitrogen 49. Identify at least 4 uses in industry or everyday life. 50. Explain how the element was discovered, who discovered it (if applicable), and where it was discovered or first used. REVIEW: acids, bases, elements (pd. 7) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: B B C A A D C A A D B C A A A B B B A A C A B B C C D D B A A A C D B D A B C C A PROBLEM 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: 11 5.68 pH 4.85; pOH 9.15 pH 8.28; pOH 5.72 3.70 x 10-8 M 8.33 x 10-8 M 11.71