Unit 1 Outline
Essential Questions:
Intro to the Human Body:
What are the major directional terms and planes we use to define locations in the human body?
How do we explain directions on the human body using medical directional terms?
What are the major body cavities and what organ systems reside within them?
What is the importance of learning medical terminology vocabulary?
Cellular Biology:
What are all the major organelles found within a Eukaryote and what jobs does each one fulfill for the cell?
What is mitosis and why is it important in understanding cellular biology?
What is meiosis and why is it important in understanding cellular biology?
What is the difference between transcription and translation and why is it important to the survival of a cell?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Chromatin
Nucleoli
Rough ER
Flagella
tRNA
Deep
Dorsal Cavity
Chromosomes
Cytoplastm
Peroxisomes
Transcription
Superior
Superficial
Spinal Cavity
Chromatid
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Translation
Inferior
Lateral
Cranial Cavity
Centromere
Golgi Apparatus
Centrioles
Mitosis
Dorsal
Medial
Thoracic Cavity
Histones
Plasma Membrane
Ribosomes
Meiosis
Ventral
Cranial
Abdominal Cavity
Nuclear Membrane
Smooth ER
Microvilli
mRNA
Anterior
Caudal
Pelvic Cavity
Nuclear Pores
Lysosomes
Cilia
rRNA
Posterior
Ventral Cavity
Skeletal System Outline
Essential Questions:
Skeletal System
What is the importance of our skeletal system within the framework of the human body?
What are bone markings and the importance of them?
What is the basic anatomy to a human bone and how are those parts important?
What are all the bones found throughout the human body and specific bone markings found on each of them?
How are joints important to the human body and what are similarities and differences between the 3 major kinds?
What are the different types of fractures that can occur to our bones?
How does a bone repair itself from various types of fractures?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Articular Cartilage
Hematoma
Fibrocartilage Callus
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Synovial Joints
Monaxial
Gomphosis
Suture
Synchondrosis
Synostosis
Compact Bone
Epiphyseal Line
Closed Reduction
Bony Callus
Fibrous Joints
Biaxial
Symphysis
Spongy Bone
Medullary Cavity
Open Reduction
Synarthroses
Cartilaginous Joints
Multiaxial
Syndesmosis
Muscular System Outline
Essential Questions:
Muscular System
What are the three types muscle tissues found in the body and what are some similarities/differences we find between them?
What are the basic anatomical features of a skeletal muscle?
Where do we find the major muscles and muscle groups throughout the human body?
What are the various body movements skeletal muscles make and what is their importance in studying the muscular system?
What are the different shapes skeletal muscles arrange themselves in and how do they compare to each other?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Origin
Insertion
Fascicle
Perimysium
Maximus
Minor
Vastus
Pectoralis
Peroneus
Tibialis
Superficialis
Profundus
Rectus
Oblique
Fusiform
Pennate
Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Myosin
Belly
Muscle Fiber
Minimus
Intercostal
Brachii
Biceps
Circular
Bipennate
Z-line
Tendon
Endomysium
Longus
Abdominis
Carpi
Triceps
Convergent
Unipennate
Sarcomere
Epimysium
Major
Brevis
Lumborum
Digitorum
Quadriceps
Parallel
Multipennate
Actin
Respiratory System Outline
Essential Questions:
Respiratory System
What is the importance of the upper respiratory tract in the overall function of this system?
How does the lower respiratory tract play a role in the overall function of this system?
What is the importance and location of the basic anatomy within this system?
How does the respiratory system closely interact with the cardiovascular system?
What is the basic physiology of a human breath?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Uvula
Vocal Folds
External Nares
Trachea
Bronchioles
Intercostal Muscles
Tidal Volume
Pulmonary Ventilation
Soft Palate
Esophagus
Larynx
Primary Bronchi
Terminal Bronchioles
Visceral Pleura
Inspiration Reserve
External Respiration
Hard Palate
Trachea
Pharynx
Secondary Bronchi
Alveoli
Parietal Pleura
Expiration Reserve
Resp. Gas Exchange
Tongue
Epiglottis
Frontal Sinus
Tertiary Bronchi
Diaphragm
Pleural Cavity
Vital Capacity
Internal Respiration
Hyoid Bone
Sphenoidal Sinus
Tonsils
Pleural Fluid
Apex
Base
Dead Space Volume
Cardiovascular System Outline
Essential Questions:
Cardiovascular System
What is the basic anatomy of the human heart? (both internal and external)
How do the chambers of the heart work together to successfully complete a full cardiac cycle?
How do the valves and chambers work together on a functional human heart?
What are possible problems that can occur within the heart that can cause cardiac complications?
How do surgeons repair heart problems?
How do the electrical signals within the heart work?
How is blood pressure important in heart health and how can someone monitor and control their bp?
What are some seminaries and differences between arteries and veins?
Where do we find some of the larger veins and arteries in the human body?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Epicardium
Atrium
AV Valves
Systole
Coronary Arteries
Bypass Surgery
Arterioles
Ventricular Systole
Ventricular Assist Devices
Hypertension
Male Heart Rate
SA Node
Purkinje Fibers
P-wave
Tunica Intima
Myocardium
Ventricle
Semilunar Valves
Diastole
Angiogram
Chordae Tendineae
Venules
Early Diastole
Artificial Hearts
Coronary Artery Disease
Female Heart Rate
AV Node
Tachycardia
QRS-complex
Tunica Media
Saccular Aneurysm
Endocardium
Aorta
Angina Pectoris
Cardiac Cycle
Angioplasty
Arteries
Capillaries
Heart Murmur
Heart in a Box
Systolic Pressure
Fetal Heart Rate
Bundle of His
Bradycardia
T-wave
Tunica Externa
Fusiform Aneurysm
Visceral Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Myocardial Infarction
Electrocardiogram
Surgical Stent
Veins
Mid-to-Late Diastole
Valve Replacement
Blood Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Purkinje System
Bundle Branches
Fibrillation
Atherosclerosis
Aneurysm
Nervous System /Special Sense Outline
Essential Questions:
Nervous System/Special Sense System
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
What are the basic divisions of our central and peripheral nervous system?
How does the human body protect this important system?
What is the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system?
What is the basic anatomy of a neuron and how is it unique?
How do we compare and contrast sensory vs. motor neurons?
What are the major parts to a synapse and how does a synapse work?
How do we compare and contrast Sympathetic vs. the Parasympathetic nervous system?
What are the different types and shapes of neurons? What is the specific purpose of each one?
When provided with a model or diagram, can you identify the structures of the eye, ear, nasal cavity and
tongue?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Dendrite
Axon
Axon
Terminals
PNS
Brain
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Sensory (Afferent)
Motor (Efferent)
Cerebal Edemema
Stroke (CVA)
Iris
Cornea
Pupil
Meibomian Gland
Gustatory Hairs
Taste Pore
Olfactory Tract
Outer Ear
Cell Body
Node of Ranvier
Spinal Cord
Biplaror
Association
Alcheimers
Lacrimal Gland
Papillae
Olfactory Cells
Middle Ear
Nucleus
Myelin Sheath
Somatic NS
Unipolar
Concussion
Reflex Arc
Sclera
Taste Buds
Cilia
Inner Ear
Schwann Cells
CNS
Autonomic NS
Multipolar
Contusion
Lens
Retina
Gustatory Cells
Olfactory Bulb
Digestive System Outline
Essential Questions:
1) Can you name the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs along with identify each on
an appropriate diagram or model?
2) Can you identify the overall function of the digestive system as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs, and
describe the general activities of each digestive organ?
3) What is the composition and function of saliva?
4) What is the basic anatomy of a tooth?
5) How do the villi aid digestive process in the small intestine?
6) Can you describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting and defecation?
7) How do we describe the process of how food stuffs in the digestive tract are mixed and moved along the
tract?
8) What is the function of bile in the digestive process?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Alimentary Canal
Soft Palate
Pharynx
Muscularis Externa
Pyloric Sphincter
Gastric Juice
Jejunum
Villi
Colon
Pancreas
Teeth
Enamal
Propulsion
Chemical Digestion
`
Gastrointestinal Tract
Uvula
Esophagus
Serosa
Fundus
Chyme
Cardioesophageal Sphincter
Ileocecal Valve
Rectum
Mechanical Digestion
Crown
Dentin
Peristalsis
Absorption
Oral Cavity
Fernulum
Mucosa
Stomach
Body
Small Intestine
Bile
Large Intestine
Anal Canal
Gallbladder
Neck
Pulp Cavity
Segmentation
Defecation
Hard Palate
Tongue
Submucosa
Ileum
Pylorus
Duodenum
Microvilli
Cecum
Anus
Salivary Gland
Root
Ingestion
Liver
Integumentary System Outline
Essential Questions:
1) Can you list the general functions of each membrane type – cutaneous, mucous, serous and synovial- and give
the location in the body?
2) How does the structure of the major membrane types compare and contrast to each other?
3) Can you list the important functions of the integumentary system and explain how these functions are
accomplished?
4) When provided with a model or diagram of the skin can you recognize and name the following skin
structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and sweat
gland?
5) Can you name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each?
6) Can you describe the distribution and function of epidermal derivatives such as the sebaceous glands, sweat
glands and hair?
7) Can you name the factors that determine skin color and describe the function of melanin?
8) Can you differentiate between 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree burns?
9) How do we explain the “Rule of Nines”?
10) Can you summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant
melanoma?
Vocabulary for the Unit:
Epithelial Membrane
Serous Membrane
Synovial Membrane
Keratinizing
Hypodermis
Melanocytes
Reticular Layer
Sebaceous Glands
Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Shaft
Arrector Pili
Nail Matrix
1st Degree Burns
Basal Cell Carcinoma
ABCDE Rule
Cutaneous Membrane
Visceral Layer
Integumentary System
Dermis
Keratinocytes
Papillary Layer
Cutaneous Glands
Sebum
Sweat
Hair
Hair Bulb Matrix
Nail
Nail Folds
2nd Degree Burns
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Mucous Membrane
Pleural Layer
Epidermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
Melanin
Dermal Papillae
Exocrine Glands
Sweat Glands
Pore
Root
Hair Follicle
Nail Bed
Rule of 9’s
3rd Degree Burns
Malignant Melanoma