Unit 1 Study Guide
Chapter 1
Look on pages 10-22 to answer the following questions.
1) Name a human characteristic of a place. Language, Religion, Customs, Food
2) Name the earth’s 7 continents. North America, South America, Asia, Europe,
Africa, Australia, Antarctica
3) Define Human Environment/Interaction. When people do things that change or
alter the earth. Also when the environment affects people.
4) Name the 5 themes of geography. Location, Place, Region, Movement, H.E.I.
5)
LATITUDE is to the distance north and south of the equator as longitude is east
and west of the prime meridian.
6) Look at the map on page 816-817. What is the absolute location of Tokyo,
Japan? 35 N and 140 E
7) Look at the map on page 816-817. What is the absolute location of Santiago,
Chile? 33 S and 71 W
8) What map would you use to see the landforms and bodies of water of a place?
Physical
9) What map shows man made boundaries of a place? Political
Chapter 2
Look at pages 28-54 to answer the following questions.
10) What causes erosion? What is weathering? Erosion is when broken down
material is moved water and wind. Weathering is when things are broken down
by water and wind
11) What percent of the earth is water? 70%
12) Why do we have time zones on earth? To evenly distribute daylight according to
time.
13) It is WINTER in the southern hemisphere when it is summer in the northern
hemisphere.
14) Name the 3 layers of the earth. Core, Mantle and Crust
15) Define plate tectonics. Theory that the earth’s surface is made up giant plates that
constantly move into and away from each other.
16) Name 2 factors that form mountains on earth. Plates colliding and forcing the
earth upwards and Volcanoes can form mountains’ over time too
17) Define the following:
a) Peninsula Land surrounded by water on 3 sides
b) Isthmus Narrow strip of land that connects two larger land masses
c) Island Land that is completely surrounded by water
d) Strait Narrow opening of water that connects two larger bodies of water
18) What is the stage of the water cycle that turns liquid water into a gas?
Evaporation
19) Name the last stage of the water cycle where rain, sleet, or snow falls to the
ground. Precipitation
20) What part of the earth do warm ocean currents come from? Near the Equator
21) What is the climate like close to the equator? Tropical
22) What factor most influences a place’s climate? Closeness to the Equator
(Latitude)
23) What is a biome? The plants and animals that make up an ecosystem
24) Define hurricane and typhoon. They are both Tropical Cyclones. Hurricanes form
in the Atlantic. Typhoons form in the Pacific.
25) Why are high latitude climates cold? Because they are farther from the equator
and get less direct sunlight.
26) Name the 3 stages of the water cycle. Evaporation, Condensation, and
Precipitation
27) What climate lies closest to the equator? Tropical
28) What type of climate would you most likely find in a mountainous area? The
higher the elevation the colder it gets. The top of Mt. Everest is Polar like climate
29) Name the 4 mid-latitude climates.
30) When does it rain in a Mediterranean climate? In the Winter
31) What is the difference between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savanna
climate? Tropical rainforest gets rain all year long, Tropical Savanna has a WET
and DRY season
32) Describe a Tundra climate. Very cold winters with short cool summers. Vast
treeless plain were only grasses and mosses grow in the summer.
33) What is a deciduous forest? What is a coniferous forest? Deciduous forests have
trees that lose their leaves in the winter. Coniferous trees bare cones and are
green year round
Chapter 3
Look at pages 60-84 to answer the following questions.
34) Why are people living longer? Better health care and food readily available
35) What is population density? How many live in area per square mile or kilometer
36) What are 3 problems caused by overpopulation? Food shortages, not enough jobs,
housing shortages, and increased pressures on the environment
37) Give 3 reasons people are pushed to another country. War, Poverty, No Jobs
38) Give 1 reason people might be pulled to a country. Better Opportunities
39) What is an immigrant? Someone who moves to a country from another country
40) Define migration. The movement of a group of people from one country to
another
41) What is the difference between a capitalist economy and a communist economy?
Capitalist economy allows for private ownership of business, Communist
economy the government owns all business
42) Describe a developed nation and a developing nation. A Developed country has
high technologies and the majority of the people will work in 3rd level activities
and have a higher standard of living. A Developing country most people work in
level 1 or 2 activities and have few technologies and their standard of living is
low.
43) Define the following governments:
a) Direct Democracy Citizens have direct control of the government and
vote directly on issues
b) Dictatorship A government where one leader takes and maintains power
by force
c) Representative Democracy Citizens vote on government officials to run
the government and make decisions
d) Constitutional Monarchy Government where Kings and Queens share
power with an elected officials who the majority of power
e) Absolute Monarchy Kings and Queens (Monarchs) have complete
control of their country
44) What is the difference between birthrate and death rate? Birthrates are the # of
live birth per 1,000 people in a country. Death Rates are the # of deaths
45) Which continent has the highest population? Asia
46) As population continues to grow, why do think there will be more conflict over
natural resources? Resources are NOT distributed equally around the world and
the more people there are the more valuable they become
Chapter 4
Look at pages 92-101 to answer the following questions.
47) Define culture. They way people live.
48) Give 5 examples showing someone’s culture. Their language, religion, clothes,
customs and food they eat are examples.
49) What is a civilization? An advanced culture with cities and a system of writing
50) What type of language family does North and South America speak? Latin
51) Name the 5 major religions of the world. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
and Judaism
52) Why does North and South America follow Christianity? Because European
explores and missionaries brought their beliefs with them during age of
exploration and colonization
53) Define cultural diffusion. Movement of customs and beliefs
54) What technologies have affected the change of cultures over time? Factories and
the Industrial Revolution, Cars, Cell Phones, Computers and Internet
55) What is acculturation? Accepting new ideas and fitting them into a culture
Chapter 5
Look at pages 114-132 to answer the following questions.
56) What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resource?
Renewable resources can be renew easily, nonrenewable take millions of years to
be renewed
57) Define fossil fuel. Natural energy resource that is made from ancient plant and
animal decay millions of years ago
58) Give 3 examples of a fossil fuel. Petroleum, Natural Gas and Coal
59) Name 3 nonrenewable sources of energy. Petroleum, Natural Gas and Coal
60) Name three alternative sources of energy that are renewable. Wind, Solar, and
moving Water
61) What is a city doing if it is sprawling outward? It is growing and expanding
outwards with suburban neighborhoods surround the city
62) What is deforestation, and how does it affect the environment? The cutting down
of trees. Forests give us oxygen and they also are a part of an ecosystem that
other plants and animals depend on.
63) How can we stop deforestation? Recycle more and plant trees after cutting them
down.
64) What is a raw material? A natural resource that must be worked on to be useful.
65) How have second and third level activities changed the environment? 2nd Level
factories have polluted the water and air. 3rd Level transportation of goods and
energy needs have polluted the air and caused more strain on energy resources
66) What is a civil engineer? Someone who builds structures that alter the earth’s
landscape. Ex Dams, Bridges and Roads
67) What are some causes of pollution and how can we decrease pollution? Cars,
Factories, Littering, and landfills are a few causes. Conserve energy at home, car
pool and drive hybrid cars, use clean energy for factories and Recycle trash are
few ways we can decrease pollution.