Unit Four - Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms
AP Language and Composition
This week you are responsible for all of the terms that begin with the letters I, L, M, N, and O.
1.
Image
A word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the
senses. An image is always a concrete representation.
2.
Imagery
The use of images, especially in a pattern of related images. often figurative, to create a strong, unified sensory
impression.
3.
Inversion
Variation of the normal word order (subject first, then verb, then complement) which puts a modifier or the verb as
first in the sentence. The element that appears first is emphasized more than the subject.
4.
Irony
When a reader is aware of a reality that differs from a character's perception of reality (dramatic irony). The literal
meaning of a writer's words may be verbal irony.
5.
Logic
An implied comparison resulting when one thing is directly called another. To be logically acceptable, support must be
appropriate to the claim, believable and consistent.
6.
Metaphor
A comparison of two things, often unrelated. A figurative verbal equation results where both "parts illuminate one
another." I.A. Richards called the literal term in a metaphor the "tenor" and the figurative term the "vehicle."
7.
Mood
An atmosphere created by a writer's word choice (diction) and the details selected. Syntax is also a determiner of
mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing.
8.
Moral
The lesson drawn from a fictional or nonfictional story. A heavily didactic story.
9.
Negative-positive
Sentence that begins by stating what is not true, then ending by stating what is true.
10.
Non-sequitur
Latin for "it does nor follow." When one statement isn't logically connected to another
11.
Objectivity
A writer's attempt to remove himself or herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story. Hard news
journalism is frequently prized for its objectivity, although even fictional stories can be told without a writer rendering
personal judgment.
12.
Onomatopoeia
The use of a word whose pronunciation suggests its meaning. "Buzz," "hiss," "slam," and "pop" are frequently used
examples.
13.
Oversimplification
When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument.
14.
Oxymoron
A rhetorical antithesis. Juxtaposing two contradictory terms, like "wise fool" or "eloquent silence."