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Marina Abramović
Featured in History
Marina Abramović was born in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in
1946. A pioneer of performance as a visual art form,
Abramović has used her body as both subject and
medium of her performances to test her...
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Robert Adams
Featured in Ecology
Robert Adams was born in Orange, New Jersey, in
1937. His refined black-and-white photographs
document scenes of the American West of the past
four decades, revealing the impact of human activity
on...
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Ai Weiwei
Featured in Change
Ai Weiwei was born in Beijing, China in 1957. An
outspoken human rights activist, Ai was arrested by
Chinese authorities in April 2011 and held
incommunicado for three months. Upon his release,
he...
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Laylah Ali
Featured in Power
Laylah Ali was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1968, and
lives and works in Williamstown, Massachusetts. She
received a BA from Williams College and an MFA from
Washington University in St. Louis,...
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Allora & Calzadilla
Featured in Paradox
Jennifer Allora was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in 1974. Guillermo Calzadilla was born
in 1971 in Havana, Cuba. Allora received a BA from
the University of Richmond in Virginia (1996) and an...
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David Altmejd
Featured in Boundaries
David Altmejd was born in Montreal, Canada in 1974.
With an almost childlike fascination for objects that
grow, transform, and reshape themselves, Altmejd
creates sculptures, suffused with ornament,...
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El Anatsui
Featured in Change
El Anatsui was born in Anyanko, Ghana in 1944. Many
of Anatsui’s sculptures are mutable in form,
conceived to be so free and flexible that they can be
shaped in any way and altered in...
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Laurie Anderson
Featured in Place
Laurie Anderson was born in Chicago in 1947. One of
eight children, she studied the violin and played in the
Chicago Youth Symphony. She graduated in 1969
from BarnardCollege in New York, and went...
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Eleanor Antin
Featured in Humor
Eleanor Antin was born in New York City in 1935. An
influential performance artist, filmmaker, and
installation artist, Antin delves into history—whether
of ancient Rome, the Crimean War, the salons...
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Janine Antoni
Featured in Loss & Desire
Janine Antoni was born in Freeport, Bahamas, in
1964. She received her BA from Sarah Lawrence
College in New York, and earned her MFA from the
Rhode Island School of Design in 1989. Antoni’s
work...
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Ida Applebroog
Featured in Power
Ida Applebroog was born in the Bronx, New York, in
1929, and lives and works in New York. She attended
the School ofthe Art Institute of Chicago and received
an honorary doctorate from New School...
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assume vivid astro focus
Featured in Boundaries
The collective assume vivid astro focus (avaf) was
formed in New York City in 2001. Its principal
members are Eli Sudbrack (born in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil in 1968) and Christophe Hamaide-Pierson (...
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Charles Atlas
Featured in Stories, Featured in Loss &
Desire, Featured in Time, Featured in Humor
Charles Atlas was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1958.
Atlas is a filmmaker and video artist who has created
numerous works for stage, screen, museum, and
television. Atlas is a pioneer in the...
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John Baldessari
Featured in Systems
John Baldessari was born in National City, California,
in 1931. He received a BA (1953) and MA (1957) from
San Diego State College, continuing his studies at Otis
Art Institute (1957–59) and...
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Matthew Barney
Featured in Consumption
Matthew Barney was born in San Francisco in 1967;
at age six, he moved to Idaho with his family. After his
parents divorced, Barney continued to live with his
father in Idaho, playing football on his...
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Lynda Benglis
Featured in Boundaries
Lynda Benglis was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana in
1941. A pioneer of a form of abstraction in which
each work is the result of materials in action—poured
latex and foam, cinched metal,...
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Louise Bourgeois
Featured in Identity
Louise Bourgeois was born in Paris in 1911. She
studied art at various schools there, including the
Ecole du Louvre, Académie des Beaux-Arts, Académie
Julian, and Atelier Fernand Léger. In 1938, she...
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Mark Bradford
Featured in Paradox
Mark Bradford was born in Los Angeles, California, in
1961. He received a BFA (1995) and MFA (1997) from
the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia.
Bradford transforms materials scavenged from...
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Cai Guo-Qiang
Featured in Power
Cai Guo-Qiang was born in 1957 in Quanzhou City,
Fujian Province, China, and lives and works in New
York. He studied stage design at the Shanghai Drama
Institute from 1981 to 1985 and attended the...
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Cao Fei
Featured in Fantasy
Cao Fei was born in Guangzhou, China, in 1978. She
earned a BFA from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts
in Guangzhou, China (2001). Cao Fei’s work reflects
the fluidity of a world in which cultures have...
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Vija Celmins
Featured in Time
Vija Celmins was born in Riga, Latvia, in 1938. Celmins
immigrated to the United States with her family when
she was ten years old, settling in Indiana. She
received a BFA from the John Herron...
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Michael Ray Charles
Featured in Consumption
Michael Ray Charles was born in 1967 in Lafayette,
Louisiana, and graduated from McNeese State
University in Lake Charles, Louisiana, in 1985. In
college, he studied advertising design and...
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Mel Chin
Featured in Consumption
Mel Chin was born in Houston to Chinese parents in
1951, the first of his family born in the United States,
and was reared in a predominantly African-American
and Latino neighborhood. He worked in...
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Mark Dion
Featured in Ecology
Mark Dion was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts,
in 1961. He received a BFA (1986) and an honorary
doctorate (2003) from the University of Hartford,
School of Art, Connecticut. Dion’s work examines...
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Rackstraw Downes
Featured in Balance
Rackstraw Downes was born in Kent, England in 1939.
Often described as a realist painter, Downes prefers
not to use that term. He views the act of seeing and
the art of representation as culturally...
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Ellen Gallagher
Featured in Play
Ellen Gallagher was born in Providence, Rhode Island,
in 1965, and lives and works in New York and
Rotterdam, Holland. She attended Oberlin College
and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston....
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John Feodorov
Featured in Spirituality
John Feodorov was born in 1960 in Los Angeles, of
mixed Native-American and Euro-American descent.
Brought up both in the suburbs of Los Angeles and on
a Navajo reservation in New Mexico, Feodorov...
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Ann Hamilton
Featured in Spirituality
Ann Hamilton was born in 1956 in Lima, Ohio. She
trained in textile design at the University of Kansas,
and later received an MFA from Yale University. While
her degree is in sculpture, textiles and...
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Walton Ford
Featured in Humor
Walton Ford was born in 1960 in Larchmont, New
York. Ford graduated from the Rhode Island School of
Design with the intention of becoming a filmmaker,
but later adapted his talents as a storyteller...
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Trenton Doyle Hancock
Featured in Stories
Trenton Doyle Hancock was born in 1974 in
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Raised in Paris, Texas,
Hancock earned his BFA from Texas A&M University,
Commerce, and his MFA from the Tyler School of Art
at...
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Tim Hawkinson
Featured in Time
Tim Hawkinson was born in San Francisco, California,
in 1960. A graduate of San Jose State University, he
later earned his MFA at the University of California,
Los Angeles, in 1989. Hawkinson is...
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Mary Heilmann
Featured in Fantasy
Mary Heilmann was born in 1940 in San Francisco,
California. She earned a BA from the University of
California, Santa Barbara (1962), and an MA from the
University of California, Berkeley (1967). For...
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Arturo Herrera
Featured in Play
Arturo Herrera was born in Caracas, Venezuela in
1959, and lives and works in New York and Berlin,
Germany. He received a BA from the University of
Tulsa, Oklahoma, and an MFA from the University
of...
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Oliver Herring
Featured in Play
Oliver Herring was born in Heidelberg, Germany, in
1964, and lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. He
received a BFA from the University of Oxford, Ruskin
School of Drawing and Fine Art, Oxford,...
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Jenny Holzer
Featured in Protest
Jenny Holzer was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1950. She
received a BA from Ohio University in Athens (1972);
an MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design,
Providence (1977); and honorary doctorates...
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Roni Horn
Featured in Structures
Roni Horn was born in New York in 1955, and lives
and works in New York. She received a BFA from the
Rhode Island School of Design and an MFA from Yale
University. Horn explores the mutable nature of...
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Hubbard/Birchler
Featured in Power, Featured in Memory, Featured in
Structures,Featured in Play
Teresa Hubbard was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1965;
Alexander Birchler was born in Baden, Switzerland, in
1962. Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler live and
work in Austin, Texas, as life partners...
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Pierre Huyghe
Featured in Romance
Pierre Huyghe was born in 1962 in Paris, France. He
attended the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts
Décoratifs, Paris (1982–85). Employing folly, leisure,
adventure, and celebration in creating art...
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Alfredo Jaar
Featured in Protest
Alfredo Jaar was born in Santiago, Chile, in 1956. He
attended Instituto Chileno-Norteamericano de
Cultura, Santiago (1979), and Universidad de Chile,
Santiago (1981). In installations, photographs,...
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Mike Kelley
Featured in Memory
Mike Kelley was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954.
He received a BFA from the University of Michigan,
and an MFA from the California Institute of the Arts.
Kelley’s work ranges from highly symbolic...
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William Kentridge
Featured in Compassion, Featured in William
Kentridge: Anything Is Possible (2010)
William Kentridge was born in Johannesburg, South
Africa, in 1955. He attended the University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (1973–76),
Johannesburg Art Foundation (1976–78), and studied
mime and...
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Margaret Kilgallen
Featured in Place
Margaret Kilgallen was born in 1967 in Washington,
DC, and received her BA in printmaking from
Colorado College in 1989. Early experiences as a
librarian and bookbinder contributed to her...
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Kimsooja
Featured in Systems
Kimsooja was born in 1957 in Taegu, South Korea. She
earned a BFA (1980) and MA (1984) from Hong-Ik
University, Seoul. Kimsooja’s videos and installations
blur the boundaries between aesthetics and...
8 | Page
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Jeff Koons
Featured in Fantasy
Jeff Koons was born in 1955 in York, Pennsylvania. He
studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, and received a
BFA from the Maryland Institute College of Art,
Baltimore (1976), and honorary doctorates...
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Beryl Korot
Featured in Spirituality
Beryl Korot was born in 1945 in New York, where she
continues to live and work. An early video-art pioneer
and an internationally exhibited artist, her multiplechannel (and multiple-monitor) video-...
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Barbara Kruger
Featured in Consumption
Barbara Kruger was born in Newark, New Jersey, in
1945. After attending Syracuse University, the School
of Visual Arts, and studying art and design with Diane
Arbus at Parson’s School of Design in...
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An-My Lê
Featured in Protest
An-My Lê was born in Saigon, Vietnam, in 1960. Lê
fled Vietnam with her family as a teenager in 1975,
the final year of the war, eventually settling in the
United States as a political refugee. Lê...
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Glenn Ligon
Featured in History
Glenn Ligon was born in the Bronx, New York, in
1960. Ligon’s paintings and sculptures examine
cultural and social identity through found sources—
literature, Afrocentric coloring books,...
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Maya Lin
Featured in Identity
Born in 1959 in Athens, Ohio, Maya Lin catapulted
into the public eye when, as a senior at Yale
University, she submitted the winning design in a
national competition for a Vietnam Veterans
Memorial...
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Florian Maier-Aichen
Featured in Fantasy
Florian Maier-Aichen was born in 1973 in Stuttgart,
Germany. He studied at Högskolan för Fotografi och
Film, Göteborg, Sweden; the University of Essen,
Germany; and earned an MFA from the University...
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Sally Mann
Featured in Place
Sally Mann was born in 1951 in Lexington, Virginia,
where she continues to live and work. She received a
BA from Hollins College in 1974, and an MA in writing
from the same school in 1975.
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Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle
Featured in Ecology
Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle was born in Madrid, Spain, in
1961, and was raised in Bogotá, Colombia, and
Chicago, Illinois. He earned a BA in art and art history,
and a BA in Latin American and Spanish...
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Kerry James Marshall
Featured in Identity
Kerry James Marshall was born in 1955 in
Birmingham, Alabama, and was educated at the Otis
Art Institute in Los Angeles, from which he received a
BFA, and an honorary doctorate (1999). The subject...
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Robert Mangold
Featured in Balance
Robert Mangold was born in North Tonawanda, New
York in 1937. With classical restraint, Mangold
translates the most basic of formal elements—shape,
line, and color—into paintings, prints...
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Paul McCarthy
Featured in Transformation
Paul McCarthy was born in 1945 in Salt Lake City. He
studied at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
(1968–69); earned a BFA from the San Francisco Art
Institute (1969) and an MFA from the...
10 | Page
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Allan McCollum
Featured in Systems
Allan McCollum was born in Los Angeles in 1944. In
his twenties, McCollum briefly considered a career in
theater and then attended trade school to study
restaurant management and industrial kitchen...
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Josiah McElheny
Featured in Memory
Josiah McElheny was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
in 1966, and lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
He received a BFA from the Rhode Island School of
Design, and apprenticed with master...
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Barry McGee
Featured in Place
A lauded and much-respected cult figure in a bicoastal subculture that comprises skaters, graffiti
artists, and West Coast surfers, Barry McGee was
born in 1966 in California, where he continues to...
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Julie Mehretu
Featured in Systems
Julie Mehretu was born in 1970 in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. She studied at University Cheikh Anta Diop,
Dakar (1990–91), earned a BA from Kalamazoo
College, Michigan (1992), and an MFA from Rhode
Island...
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Elizabeth Murray
Featured in Humor
Elizabeth Murray was born in Chicago in 1940. She
earned a BFA at the Art Institute of Chicago and an
MFA from Mills College in Oakland, California. A
pioneer in painting, Murray’s distinctively...
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Bruce Nauman
Featured in Identity
Born in 1941 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Bruce Nauman
has been recognized since the early 1970s as one of
the most innovative and provocative of America’s
contemporary artists. Nauman finds inspiration...
11 | Page
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Catherine Opie
Featured in Change
Catherine Opie was born in Sandusky, Ohio in 1961.
Opie investigates the ways in which photographs both
document and give voice to social phenomena in
America today, registering people’s...
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Raymond Pettibon
Featured in Humor
Raymond Pettibon was born in Tucson, Arizona, in
1957. The fourth of five children, Pettibon earned a
degree in economics from the University of California,
Los Angeles. After graduating from college...
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Gabriel Orozco
Featured in Loss & Desire
Gabriel Orozco was born in Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico,
in 1962 and studied at the Escuela Nacional de Arte
Plasticas in Mexico City, and at the Circulo de Bellas
Artes in Madrid, Spain. An avid...
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Judy Pfaff
Featured in Romance
Judy Pfaff was born in London, England, in 1946. She
received a BFA from Washington University, Saint
Louis (1971), and an MFA from Yale University (1973).
Balancing intense planning with...
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Pepón Osorio
Featured in Place
Pepón Osorio, best known for large-scale
installations, was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico, in
1955. He was educated at the Universidad InterAmericana in Puerto Rico and Herbert H. Lehman
College in...
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Paul Pfeiffer
Featured in Time
Paul Pfeiffer was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1966
but spent most of his childhood in the Philippines.
Pfeiffer relocated to New York in 1990, where he
attended Hunter College and the Whitney...
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Lari Pittman
Featured in Romance
Lari Pittman was born in Los Angeles, California, in
1952. Pittman received both a BFA (1974) and an
MFA (1976) from California Institute of the Arts,
Valencia. Inspired by commercial advertising,...
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Matthew Ritchie
Featured in Structures
Matthew Ritchie was born in London, England, in
1964, and lives and works in New York. He received a
BFA from Camberwell School of Art, London, and
attended Boston University. His artistic mission...
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Martin Puryear
Featured in Time
Martin Puryear was born in Washington, DC, in 1941.
In his youth, he studied crafts and learned how to
build guitars, furniture, and canoes through practical
training and instruction. After earning...
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Susan Rothenberg
Featured in Memory
Susan Rothenberg was born in Buffalo, New York, in
1945. She received a BFA from Cornell University. Her
early work—large acrylic, figurative paintings—came
to prominence in the 1970s New York art...
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Mary Reid Kelley
Featured in History
Mary Reid Kelley was born in Greenville, South
Carolina in 1979. In videos and drawings filled with
punning wordplay, Reid Kelley presents her take on
the clash between utopian ideologies and the...
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Robert Ryman
Featured in Paradox
Robert Ryman was born in Nashville, Tennessee, in
1930. Ryman studied at the Tennessee Polytechnic
Institute and the George Peabody College for
Teachers, Nashville, before serving in the United...
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Doris Salcedo
Featured in Compassion
Doris Salcedo was born in 1958 in Bogotá, Colombia.
Salcedo earned a BFA at Universidad de Bogotá Jorge
Tadeo Lozano (1980) and an MA from New York
University (1984). Salcedo’s understated sculptures...
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Cindy Sherman
Featured in Transformation
Cindy Sherman was born in 1954 in Glen Ridge, New
Jersey. Sherman earned a BA from Buffalo State
College, State University of New York (1976). In selfreflexive photographs and films, Cindy Sherman...
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Collier Schorr
Featured in Loss & Desire
Collier Schorr was born in New York City in 1963 and
attended the School of the Visual Arts, New York.
Best known for her portraits of adolescent men and
women, Schorr’s pictures often blend...
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Yinka Shonibare MBE
Featured in Transformation
Yinka Shonibare MBE was born in 1962 in London,
England. After growing up in Lagos, Nigeria,
Shonibare studied at Byam Shaw School of Art,
London (1984–89) and earned an MA from
Goldsmiths College,...
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Richard Serra
Featured in Place
Richard Serra was born in San Francisco in 1939. After
studying at the University of California at Berkeley
and at Santa Barbara, he graduated in 1961 with a BA
in English literature. During this...
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Shahzia Sikander
Featured in Spirituality
Shahzia Sikander was born in 1969 in Lahore,
Pakistan. Educated as an undergraduate at the
National College of Arts in Lahore, she received her
MFA in 1995 from the Rhode Island School of
Design....
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Laurie Simmons
Featured in Romance
Laurie Simmons was born on Long Island, New York,
in 1949. She received a BFA from the Tyler School of
Art, Philadelphia (1971). Simmons stages photographs
and films with paper dolls, finger puppets...
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Kiki Smith
Featured in Stories
Kiki Smith was born in 1954 in Nuremberg, Germany.
The daughter of American sculptor Tony Smith, Kiki
Smith grew up in New Jersey. As a young girl, one of
Smith’s first experiences with art was...
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Nancy Spero
Featured in Protest
Nancy Spero was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1926.
She received a BFA from the School of the Art
Institute of Chicago (1949), and honorary doctorates
from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (...
14 | Page
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Jessica Stockholder
Featured in Play
Jessica Stockholder was born in Seattle, Washington,
in 1959. She studied painting at the University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, and received an MFA
from Yale University. Stockholder is a pioneer...
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Hiroshi Sugimoto
Featured in Memory
Hiroshi Sugimoto was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1948,
and lives and works in New York and Tokyo. His
interest in art began early. His reading of André
Breton’s writings led to his discovery of...
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Do-Ho Suh
Featured in Stories
Do-Ho Suh was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1962. After
earning his BFA and MFA in Oriental Painting from
Seoul National University, and fulfilling his term of
mandatory service in the South Korean...
15 | Page
15 | Page
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Catherine Sullivan
Featured in Paradox
Catherine Sullivan was born in Los Angeles, California,
in 1968. She earned a BFA from the California
Institute of Arts, Valencia (1992), and an MFA from
the Art Center College of Design, Pasadena (...
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James Turrell
Featured in Spirituality
James Turrell was born in Los Angeles in 1943. His
undergraduate studies at Pomona College focused on
psychology and mathematics; only later, in graduate
school, did he pursue art, receiving an MFA...
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Sarah Sze
Featured in Balance
Sarah Sze was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1969.
Sze builds her installations and intricate sculptures
from the minutiae of everyday life, imbuing mundane
materials, marks, and processes with...
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Richard Tuttle
Featured in Structures
Richard Tuttle was born in Rahway, New Jersey, in
1941, and lives and works in New Mexico and New
York. He received a BA from Trinity College, Hartford.
Although most of Tuttle’s prolific artistic...
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Tabaimo
Featured in Boundaries
Tabaimo was born in Hyogo, Japan in 1975. Tabaimo’s
drawings and video installations probe the unsettling
themes of isolation, contagion, and instability that
seem to lurk beneath daily...
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Ursula von Rydingsvard
Featured in Ecology
Ursula von Rydingsvard was born in Deensen,
Germany, in 1942. She received a BA and an MA from
the University of Miami, Coral Gables (1965), an MFA
from Columbia University (1975), and an honorary...
16 | Page
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Kara Walker
Featured in Stories
Kara Walker was born in Stockton, California, in 1969.
She received a BFA from the Atlanta College of Art in
1991, and an MFA from the Rhode Island School of
Design in 1994. The artist is best known...
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Carrie Mae Weems
Featured in Compassion
Carrie Mae Weems was born in Portland, Oregon, in
1953. Weems earned a BFA from the California
Institute of the Arts, Valencia (1981), and an MFA
from the University of California, San Diego (1984),...
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William Wegman
Featured in Identity
William Wegman was born in Holyoke,
Massachusetts, in 1943. He graduated from the
Massachusetts College of Art in 1965 with a BFA in
painting, then enrolled in the graduate painting and
printmaking...
16 | Page
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Fred Wilson
Featured in Structures
Fred Wilson was born in the Bronx, New York, in
1954, and lives and works in New York. He received a
BFA from Purchase College, State University of New
York.
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Krzysztof Wodiczko
Featured in Power
Krzysztof Wodiczko was born in 1943 in Warsaw,
Poland, and lives and works in New York and
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since 1980, he has
created more than seventy large-scale slide and
video...
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Andrea Zittel
Featured in Consumption
Andrea Zittel was born in Escondido, California, in
1965. She received a BFA in painting and sculpture in
1988 from San Diego State University, and an MFA in
sculpture in 1990 from the Rhode Island...