CHAPTER 6 WATER AND OCEAN STRUCTURE Vocabulary: Number them and put them in the glossary
(back) of your notebook.
Active Sonar Device
that generates sound
waves and ANALYZES
the echoes
Adhesion water
molecules’ attraction
to other objects
Aphotic Zone DARK
ocean at a depth
below where light
penetrates
Atom Smallest particle
of an element that
retains its properties
Chemical Bond Holds
two atoms together as
a result of changes in
electron distribution
Cohesion water
molecules’ attraction
to each other
Compound a
substance composed
of two of more
elements in a fixed
ratio
Covalent Bond bond
formed from atoms
sharing electrons
Deep Zone 80% of
ocean water which lies
below pycnocline
where density is nearly
constant
Density Curve A graph
showing the
relationship between
temp or salinity and
density
Electron Tiny,
negative charged
particle of an atom
which circles the
nucleus
Element cannot be
broken down into
simpler substances
Freezing Point
temperature at which
liquid turns solids
Halocline zone of
ocean in which salinity
increases rapidly with
depth
Heat Capacity The
heat required to raise
1g 1 degree Celsius in
temp
Hydrogen Bond weak
bond formed between
polar molecules due to
hydrogen end being
positive
Mixed Layer Upper
layer of the ocean
where temp and
salinity are constant
Molecule group of
Nucleus center of the
atoms held together by atom where protons
chemical bonding
and neutrons are
Passive Sonar detects
intensity and direction
of underwater sound
Photic Zone top zone
of ocean that light
penetrates, top 200m
Polar Molecule
molecule with
unbalanced charge of
electrons yielding a
positive and negative
end
Proton positive
particles in an atom’s
nucleus (equals
atomic number of
element)
Pycnocline Middle
zone of ocean water
where temp drops and
salinity increases with
depth
Refraction bending of
light or sound waves
Refractive Index How
much a medium bends
waves (high index =
greatest bending)
Shadow Zone The
volume of water from
which sound waves
diverge
Side-scan Sonar High
resolution sonar
system for detecting
specific objects
SOFAR Layer midlatitude depths of
around 1200m where
sound transmits easily
Surface Tension
property of water due
to cohesion of water
molecules
Surface Zone Upper
layer of the ocean
where temp and
salinity are constant
Thermocline
temperature decrease
rapidly with depth
Thermostatic Property property of water that moderates (slows down) changes in temp