Standard Operating Procedure
SUFFICIENT PROCEDURES EXAMPLE
Tetrahydrofuran.
This is an SOP template and is not complete until: 1) lab specific information is entered into the
box below 2) lab specific protocol/procedure is added to the protocol/procedure section and
3) SOP has been signed and dated by the PI and relevant lab personnel.
Print a copy and insert into your
Laboratory Safety Manual and Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Refer to instructions for assistance.
Department:
Chemistry
Date SOP was written:
__________
Date SOP was approved by PI/lab supervisor:
Principal Investigator:
Dr. XXX
Internal Lab Safety Coordinator/Lab Manager:
Lab Phone:
__________
XXX
949--XXX-XXXX
Office Phone:
949-XXX-XXXX
Emergency Contact:
Dr. XXX (XXX-XXX-XXXX)
(Name and Phone Number)
Location(s) covered by this SOP:
Tan Hall XXX, XXX, & XXX
(Building/Room Number)
Type of SOP:
☐ Process
☒Hazardous Chemical
☐ Hazardous Class
Purpose
Tetrahydrofuran is a flammable liquid that is also an irritant, and should be treated with care by
researchers. It is generally used as a reaction solvent.
May contain inhibitors/stabilizers such as p-cresol (0.05-1.0%), hydroquinone (0.05-1%), 4,4-thiobis(6tert-butyl-m-cresol) (up to 0.1%). During prolonged storage, uninhibited tetrahydrofuran may form
peroxides, if exposed to air. Due to its peroxide-forming hazard, THF containers must be dated upon
receipt and at the time they are opened.
Physical & Chemical Properties/Definition of Chemical Group
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Date: 13/01/07
CAS#: 109-99-9
Class: Peroxide Former, Irritant, Flammable,
Molecular Formula: C4H8O
Form (physical state): Liquid
Color: Colorless
Boiling point: 65.0 - 67.0 °C
Flash Point: 17 °C
Lower Flammable (Explosive) Limit 2 %
Upper Flammable (Explosive) Limit 11.8%
Potential Hazards/Toxicity
Inhalation Tetrahydrofuran is a central nervous system depressant. At lower concentrations,
tetrahydrofuran can cause headaches and can irritate the nose and throat
Skin Tetrahydrofuran may be irritating to the skin..
Eyes Liquid tetrahydrofuran is moderate to severe eye irritant, based animal information. High
concentrations of tetrahydrofuran vapors (5000 ppm) can be irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion Harmful if swallowed. Ingestion is not a typical route of occupational exposure.
Acute toxicity
Oral LD50
LD50 Oral - rat - 1,650 mg/kg
LD50 Oral - guinea pig - 2,300 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50
LC50 Inhalation - rat - 3 h - 21000 ppm
Remarks: Drowsiness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation. Ingestion may cause
gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Dermal LD50
LD50 Dermal - rat - > 2,000 mg/kg
CalOSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 200 ppm, 250 ppm STEL
Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin - rabbit - Mild skin irritation - Draize Test
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes - rabbit - Risk of serious damage to eyes. - Draize Test
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Globally Harmonized System)
Inhalation - May cause respiratory irritation.
May cause drowsiness or dizziness. - Nervous system
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure (Globally Harmonized System)
The substance or mixture is not classified as specific target organ toxicant, repeated exposure.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Respiratory protection
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with
multi-purpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to
engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air
respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government
standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Refer to 8CCR5144 for selection of respirators. A
respiratory protection program that meets 8CCR5144 must be followed whenever workplace conditions
warrant use of a respirator.
Respirators should be used only under any of the following circumstances:
 As a last line of defense (i.e., after engineering and administrative controls have been
exhausted).
 When Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) has exceeded or when there is a possibility that PEL will
be exceeded.
 Regulations require the use of a respirator.
 An employer requires the use of a respirator.
 There is potential for harmful exposure due to an atmospheric contaminant (in the absence of
PEL)
 As PPE in the event of a chemical spill clean-up process
NOTE: Lab personnel intending to use/wear a respirator mask must be trained and fit-tested by EH&S.
This is a regulatory requirement.
Hand Protection
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without
touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves
after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
NOTE: Specific information on glove selection is to be added to the Protocol/Procedure section.
Refer to glove selection chart from the links below:
http://www.ansellpro.com/download/Ansell_8thEditionChemicalResistanceGuide.pdf
OR
http://www.allsafetyproducts.biz/page/74172
OR
http://www.showabestglove.com/site/default.aspx
OR
http://www.mapaglove.com/
Eye Protection
Safety glasses with side shields or tightly fitting safety goggles. Use face shield (8-inch minimum) when
appropriate. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government
standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin and Body Protection
Long pants, closed toed- and closed heeled shoes, cotton-based clothing/attire, and flame resistant lab
coat must be worn for protecting against chemical hazards;
Hygiene Measures
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at
the end of workday.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Engineering Controls
Work with tetrahydrofuran should be conducted in a fume hood. Sash height should be kept low to avoid
escaping fumes and provide explosion barrier. Use supplemental explosion protective equipment like a
blast shield where appropriate to protect from explosions in the case of peroxide detonation.
Required Training/Approvals
All work with tetrahydrofuran requires the following prior to beginning work:
1. Must be pre-approved by the Principal Investigator prior to use and all training must be well
documented.
2. Must be familiar with the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
3. Must have documented Laboratory Safety Principles/IIPP training.
4. Must follow this SOP.
5. Must read the relevant Safety Data Sheet (formerly referenced as Material Safety Data Sheets).
6. Must read Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards
(section 6.C. General Procedures for working with Hazardous Chemicals.
7. Any additional laboratory specific training required to support this SOP must be referenced in the
Laboratory Specific Instructions section and the signed and dated training documents must be
uploaded into each assigned researcher’s training records. Examples include Safety Data Sheets,
experimental procedures, journal articles, etc.
Administrative Controls
1. Never work alone. At least one other person must be present in the same laboratory when any work
involving hazardous chemicals is conducted.
2. Eliminate or substitute for a less hazardous material when possible.
3. Design your experiment to use the least amount of material possible to achieve the desired result.
4. Verify your experimental set-up and procedure prior to use.
5. Inform colleagues this material will be used and where.
6. Only use if the area is properly equipped with a certified eye wash and safety shower within ten
seconds of availability.
7. Consult with the PI if work involves large quantities.
First Aid Procedures


Report serious incidents immediately: Call 9-1-1
Immediately secure any incident scene from all access and preserve all evidence for no less than 24
hours.
If inhaled
This product is flammable. Take proper precautions (e.g. remove any sources of ignition). If symptoms
are experienced, remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped,
trained personnel should begin artificial respiration (AR) or, if the heart has stopped, cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) immediately. Obtain medical attention immediately.
In case of skin contact
As quickly as possible, flush contaminated area with lukewarm, gently running water for at least 5
minutes, or until the chemical is removed. If irritation persists, obtain medical advice immediately
Tetrahydrofuran.
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In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
If swallowed
If irritation or discomfort occur, obtain medical advice immediately.
Special Handling and Storage Requirements
Precautions for safe handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use
explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent
the buildup of electrostatic charge.
Conditions for safe storage Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers
which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
All containers with tetrahydrofuran should be labeled with a peroxide-testing label and stored in
secondary containment.
Spill and Accident Procedure
Chemical Spill Dial 911
Spill – Assess the extent of danger. Help contaminated or injured persons if safe to do. Evacuate the
spill area. Avoid breathing vapors. If possible, confine the spill to a small area using a spill kit or
absorbent material. Keep others from entering contaminated area (e.g., use caution tape, barriers, etc.).
Small (<1 L) – If you have training, you may assist in the clean-up effort. Use appropriate personal
protective equipment and clean-up material for chemical spilled. Double bag spill waste in clear plastic
bags, label and take to the next chemical waste pick-up.
Large (>1 L) – Dial 911 and EH&S at x46200 for assistance.
Chemical Spill on Body or Clothes – Remove clothing and rinse body thoroughly in
emergency shower for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S
at x46200 immediately.
Chemical Splash Into Eyes – Immediately rinse eyeball and inner surface of eyelid with water
from the emergency eyewash station for 15 minutes by forcibly holding the eye open. Seek
medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S at x46200 immediately.
Medical Emergency Dial 911
a. Life Threatening Emergency, Business Hours, After Hours, Weekends And Holidays –
Dial 911. Call 911 if the condition is LIFE THREATENING or REQUIRES IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL ATTENTION. Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S AT X46200
within 8 hours. Complete online incident report at https://www.ehs.uci.edu/apps/hr/index.jsp.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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b. Non-Life Threatening Emergency – Notify your supervisor or faculty staff if condition is not
life threatening. Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S at x46200 within 8
hours. Complete and online incident report at https:///www.ehs.uci.edu/apps/hr/index.jsp.
ALL WORK RELATED INJURIES MUST BE REPORTED via the On-line Incident Form
https://www.ehs.uci.edu/apps/hr/index.jsp or call Human Resources, Workers
Compensation (949) 824-9152.
Decontamination/Waste Disposal Procedure
Schedule a hazardous waste pickup with EH&S. The container should be labeled with a waste
tag that is labeled as potentially explosive.
General hazardous waste disposal guidelines:
Label Waste
 Hazardous waste labels must be placed on the hazardous waste container upon the
start of accumulation. Labels are available online at www.ehs.uci.edu/programs/enviro/.
Store Waste
 Hazardous waste containers must be kept closed, except when adding waste.
 Hazardous waste containers must be stored in secondary containment to adequately
contain all of the contents of the container.
 Hazardous waste containers must be inspected weekly for signs of leaks, corrosion, or
deterioration.
Dispose of Waste
 Hazardous waste must be transferred to EH&S for disposal within 6 months of being
generated.
 Empty Containers: At no time should full or partially full containers be placed in the
trash. For more information on empty container management visit
www.ehs.uci.edu/programs/enviro/.
 Hazardous Waste Disposal:
o Visit www.ehs.uci.edu/programs/enviro/.
o Fill out the “Chemical Waste Collection” form.
o EH&S will pick up your waste within 1-3 days.
 Do not dispose of chemicals by pouring them down the drain or placing them in the
trash.
 Do not use fume hoods to evaporate chemicals.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Location
SDS can be found online at the UCI EH&S web site (http://www.ehs.uci.edu/msds.html).
Designated Area
Guidance: Indicate the designated area for your laboratory. A designated area must be considered for
work with "particularly hazardous substances" or chemical carcinogens. The entire laboratory, fume hood,
or a portion of the laboratory may be considered as a designated area.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Insert Designated Area.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Protocol/Procedure (Add lab specific Protocol/Procedure here)
Chemical Storage
If not in use tetrahydrofuran containers have to be safely stored in the ventilated flammable storage cabinets.
Store and transport THF containers in secondary containment (for example polyethylene bottle carrier).
Keep storage container closed (air tight) when not in use to minimize creation of flammable vapor
concentrations.
Maintain the smallest amount necessary for ongoing work. Use in the smallest practical quantities for the
experiment being performed.
Purchase THF with inhibitors added (for peroxide-forming) when possible.
Due to its peroxide-forming hazard, THF containers must be dated upon receipt and at the time they are opened
(mark the date on the bottle). If tested, note the date it was tested on the bottle.
Test open THF containers with peroxide test strips every 3 months.
An opened container can be stored for a maximum of 6 months. Dispose of unused amounts after that period of
time has passed (or if peroxides are found to be present by testing).
Degassed tetrahydrofuran may be stored in resealable Schlenk flasks under an atmosphere of argon or
nitrogen, or stored in closed containers in a glove box with a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
Preparation
Never open a dented or otherwise compromised container of THF. Alert lab safety manager immediately.
Never open/use/move a THF container that is suspected to contain peroxides or is in contact with crystals
indicative of peroxide formation. Do not touch the crystals. Alert lab safety manager immediately.
Know the location of the nearest fire extinguisher, eyewash, and safety shower before beginning work.
Never work alone. Make sure there is another worker present who is also trained in the tetrahydrofuran SOP.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Chemical
Disposal
Collect all tetrahydrofuran liquid waste in labeled 1 gal. plastic containers
Store hazardous waste in closed containers, in secondary containment and in a designated location
Double-bag dry waste contaminated with tetrahydrofuran using transparent bags
Call EH&S with questions.
Procedure/Use
Scale
Engineering
Controls/Equipment
PPE (eye, face, gloves,
clothing)
Use the description below if appropriate to your lab, or insert appropriate procedures.
Eye protection: Wear tight1.
Up to XXX
All work using
Tetrahydrofuran is ml
tetrahydrofuran must be
fitting safety goggles or safety
used in the lab as tetrahydrofu performed in a ventilated glasses with side shields.
a solvent in
ran per
fume hood.
reactions and
Face protection: Wear a face
reaction or
extractions.
extraction
Eliminate ignition
shield when handling
sources such as open
containers of tetrahydrofuran
flames, hot surfaces,
that are not behind a lab hood
steam baths, static
sash or blast shield.
electricity, and operation
Gloves: Tetrahydrofuran
of mechanical and
electrical equipment that penetrates most common lab
is not intrinsically safe.
gloves rapidly. Extended
contact with tetrahydrofuran is
Ensure proper grounding not allowed. To protect
and avoid creating static against incidental contact,
electricity. Be sure to
wear Laminate Film gloves
ground metal containers
(e.g. Ansell Barrier) or double
when transferring
nitrile or butyl gloves (8 mil).
flammable liquids.
Change outer glove as soon
as contaminated. Note:
Use a blast shield if
tetrahydrofuran penetrates 4
tetrahydrofuran may be
mil gloves nearly
distilled to dryness or
instantaneously.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Procedure Steps and Precautions
Do not allow to evaporate to near
dryness unless absence of
peroxides has been shown.
If tetrahydrofuran is concentrated on
the rotary evaporator use two dry ice
traps to collect the solvent vapors.
Distillation/evaporation of
tetrahydrofuran efficiently removes
all stabilizers. Collected fractions
(rotavap) must be treated as
unstabilized tetrahydrofuran and
must be disposed of soon after
generation.
Pressure can be built up if
tetrahydrofuran is used in reactions.
Adequate ventilation (pressure
bubbler on Schlenk manifold, or an
equilibrating balloon) has to be used
to prevent dangerous over
pressurization.
evaporated to dryness.
Clothing: Wear fire/flame
resistant lab coat (100% cotton
based); cotton based
clothing/attire; full length pants
or equivalent; and close-toed
shoes.
Pressure is built up if
tetrahydrofuran is used in
extractions. Adequate ventilation
(open the valve frequently during the
extraction) has to be used to prevent
dangerous over pressurization.
If heated, the reaction apparatus
has to be fitted with an adequately
sized condenser and an adequate
flow of cooling water has to be
provided to prevent evaporation.
Cooling hoses have to be secured
with metal hose clamps to the
condenser and the outlet.
Tetrahydrofuran.
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Procedure/Use
Scale
Engineering
Controls/Equipment
PPE (eye, face, gloves,
clothing)
Procedure Steps and Precautions
2.
Tetrahydrofuran is
used in the lab as
a solvent in
column
chromatography.
Up to X
liters total
eluent
volume of
tetrahydrofu
ran
All work using
tetrahydrofuran must be
performed in a ventilated
fume hood.
Eye protection: Wear tightfitting safety goggles or safety
glasses with side shields.
Eluent may contain no stabilizers.
Use a blast shield if eluent may be
evaporated to dryness.
Face protection: Wear a face
shield when handling
containers of tetrahydrofuran
that are not behind a lab hood
sash or blast shield.
Do not allow to evaporate to near
dryness unless absence of
peroxides has been shown.
Eliminate ignition
sources such as open
flames, hot surfaces,
steam baths, static
electricity, and operation
of mechanical and
electrical equipment that
is not intrinsically safe.
Ensure proper grounding
and avoid creating static
electricity. Be sure to
ground metal containers
when transferring
flammable liquids.
Use a blast shield if
tetrahydrofuran may be
distilled to dryness or
evaporated to dryness.
Gloves: Tetrahydrofuran
penetrates most common lab
gloves rapidly. Extended
contact with tetrahydrofuran is
not allowed. To protect
against incidental contact,
wear Laminate Film gloves
(e.g. Ansell Barrier) or double
nitrile or butyl gloves (8 mil).
Change outer glove as soon
as contaminated. Note:
tetrahydrofuran penetrates 4
mil gloves nearly
instantaneously.
Clothing: Wear fire/flame
resistant lab coat (100% cotton
based); cotton based
clothing/attire; full length pants
or equivalent; and close-toed
shoes.
Notes
Tetrahydrofuran.
Any deviation from this SOP requires approval from PI.
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Date: 13/01/07
If tetrahydrofuran is concentrated on
the rotary evaporator use two dry ice
traps to collect the solvent vapors.
Distillation/evaporation of
tetrahydrofuran efficiently removes
all stabilizers. Collected fractions
(rotavap) must be treated as
unstabilized tetrahydrofuran and
must be disposed of soon after
generation.
Documentation of Training (signature of all users is required)

Prior to conducting any work with Tetrahydrofuran., designated personnel must provide training to
his/her laboratory personnel specific to the hazards involved in working with this substance, work
area decontamination, and emergency procedures.

The Principal Investigator must provide his/her laboratory personnel with a copy of this SOP
and a copy of the SDS provided by the manufacturer.

The Principal Investigator must ensure that his/her laboratory personnel have attended
appropriate laboratory safety training or refresher training within the last one year.
I have read and understand the content of this SOP:
Name
Tetrahydrofuran.
Signature
12
Identification
Date
Date: 13/01/07