Project Title
Application of Heterodyne Chemistry to Chemical and Biochemical Processes
Point of Contact:
Name: John P. Wikswo
Title: Gordon A. Cain University Professor. Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular
Physiology & Biophysics, and Physics
Affiliation: Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education (VIIBRE)
Telephone: 615 343-4124
Email: john.wikswo@vanderbilt.edu
Web: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/viibre/
Project Description:
Background
Biochemical regulatory networks can be described as a complex integration of cycles and
cascades, controlled by positive and negative feedback loops to produce reaction pathways that
are linear, hyperbolic, sigmoidal and oscillatory. Such complex, intertwined, dynamical systems
occurring in and between cells can lead to misinterpretation of results from perturbed
biochemical networks and whole cell studies. A more complete understanding of the dynamics of
these regulatory networks can be developed through mathematical and physical models of
individual reactions occurring within cell signaling pathways. Here we propose an analytical
method to delve deeper into our understanding of nonlinear chemical and biochemical reactions,
called “heterodyne chemistry.” The term heterodyne originated in radio frequency processing
and refers to a method in which two oscillating signals are combined into a non-linear mixer to
shift the output frequency into a more desirable range. By applying this concept to chemical
reactions in a highly controlled microfluidic environment, we hope to unveil the hidden
complexities in seemingly simple biochemical reactions, and further investigate the presence of
highly unstable and otherwise undetectable intermediates. In order to first develop this technique,
we employ the use of the light-producing peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction as a model
chemical system.
Problem statement and Technical Approach
Prior to biological and biochemical application, the heterodyne chemistry method was applied to
a simpler, previously modeled chemical reaction. Simulated light output from the peroxyoxalate
chemiluminescence reaction was determined through the use of mathematical models. Rotary
Planar Peristaltic Micropumps (RPPMs) were used to conduct chemical solutions at sinusoidal
rates through peak tubing into a microfluidic channel. Light production was detected in real time
and analyzed using Fast Fourier Transforms. The resulting spectra were compared to model
spectra. The same process will be used for biochemical reactions after optimization of the
technique is complete.
Ultimate Vision for the Innovation
The ultimate goal for heterodyne chemistry is to unveil hidden complexities in biochemical
reactions, as well as explore intricacies of cell signaling pathways.
August 19, 2012
Business development interest
None until the heterodyne chemistry process has been fully optimized for biochemical reactions.
Resources Available to the Team
The heterodyne chemistry team will use the facilities of the Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative
Biosystems Research and Education (VIIBRE) to fabricate microfluidic devices and pumps, as
well as run light-producing reactions employing the heterodyne chemistry technique.
Preferred Student Team Qualifications
Team members are preferred to have a strong chemical and math background, specifically in
understanding Fourier frequency spectrums. A general understanding of microfluidics is also
preferred.
June 17, 2012
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