BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
BIOL 120 Exam #1
Do not write in this box.
True/ False= _____/10
Multiple Choice= _____/70
Short Answer= _____/20
Total Points= _____/100
Letter Grade= _____
True/ False. 1 points each, select A for true, B for false.
1. During a scientific experiment, the control group is used to directly test or measure the
consequences of a variable in the study.
2. If during the gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after
crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells
would be colorless.
3. Viruses cause most human cancers.
4. Mycoplasmas are named for the large quantities of mycolic acid in their cells walls.
5. The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.
6. All algae have chloroplasts.
7. Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.
8. Viral infections are easier to treat with drugs than bacterial infections.
9. In the levels of hierarchy, family comes before class.
10. Diseases of animals caused by fungi are called mycoses.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
Multiple choice. Select the best answer from the choices below. Mark the answer on the
answer sheet provided. Each multiple choice question is 2 points. (35 questions, 70 points
total)
11. The transfer of drug resistance factors from one bacterium to another bacterium is the
result of DNA transfer through a hollow tubular structure known as
a. Cilia
b. Conjugation pilus
c. Fimbriae
d. Flagellum
12. This is the system of arranging and naming organisms:
a. Hierarchy
b. Nomenclature
c. Taxonomy
d. Identification
13. Bacterial cells may or may not have extrachromosomal DNA, which is located in their
_________.
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Plasmid
d. Cell wall
14. You examine a Gram-stained slide prepared from a swab obtained from an 8 year-old
boy complaining of a sore throat. You see purple chains of spherical bacteria. You
recognize these bacteria as:
a. Gram positive staphylococci
b. Gram positive streptobacilli
c. Gram positive streptococci
d. Gram negative streptococci
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
15. In the scientific method, scientists formulate a _______________________, which is a
tentative explanation to account for what they have observed or measured, and then
conduct experiments to determine its validity.
a. Fact
b. Hypothesis
c. Theory
d. Law
16. Which of the following follows the rules of binomial nomenclature?
a. Escherichia coli
b. e.coli
c. Escherichia c.
d. Escherichia coli
17. Which of the following is true of endospores?
a. Endospores are a reproductive structure.
b. Bacteroides and E.coli are genera that produce them.
c. Endospores are dormant.
d. Endospores are susceptible to boiling and chemicals.
18. Following binomial nomenclature, which of the following makes up the scientific name
of an organism?
a. The genus name and then the species name
b. The family name and then the genus name
c. The genus name and then the order name
d. The species name and then the genus name
19. The major groups of organisms studied in microbiology are:
a. bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae and fungi.
b. viruses, plants, mushrooms and protozoa.
c. fungi, animals, plants and bacteria.
d. viruses, plants, algae, bacteria and protozoa.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
20. Disease causing microorganisms are called
a. Eukaryotes
b. Decomposers
c. Pathogens
d. Prokaryotes
21. Respiratory enzymes of prokaryotic cells are located within the _______________.
a. Mitochondria
b. Cell membrane
c. Glycocalyx
d. Plasmid
22. The general structure of the phospholipid component of the phospholipid bilayer
consists of a __________ head and a _____________ tail.
a. Hydrophilic, long
b. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic
c. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic
d. Long, hydrophilic
23. Gram negative prokaryotic cells have a _______ peptidoglycan layer, whereas grampositive prokaryotic cells have a __________ peptidoglycan layer with their cell wall.
a. Thin, thick
b. Thick, thin
c. Thin, non-existent
d. Thick, thick
24. ____________ is an asexual method of reproduction associated with yeasts.
a. Binary fission
b. Mitosis
c. Meiosis
d. Budding
25. A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium is called a
a. spirochete.
b. vibrio.
c. coccobacillus.
d. spirillum.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
26. What is the active, feeding and reproducing morphological form of a protozoan?
a. Cyst
b. Endospore
c. Trophozoite
d. Schizogony
27. The 4 major characteristics a living organism has to have to be considered “living” are:
a. Reproduction, cell wall, responsiveness, metabolism
b. Mitochondria, chromosomes, cell wall, reproduction
c. Responsiveness, metabolism, reproduction, growth
d. Growth, responsiveness, metabolism, cell wall
28. The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the
a. Ribosome
b. Nucleus
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosome
29. In order to reproduce sexually, diploid cells must produce _________ gametes through
_________.
a. Triploid, mitosis
b. Haploid, meiosis
c. Haploid, mitosis
d. Diploid, meiosis
30. Species of Mycobacterium have cell walls which contain up to 60% of what waxy
substance?
a. Glucose
b. Lipid A
c. Sterols
d. Mycolic Acid
31. Creutzfeld- Jakob disease is
a. A spongiform encephalopathy of humans.
b. Also called mad cow disease.
c. Caused by a viroid.
d. Caused by a chronic latent virus.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
32. Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma are distinguished from other bacterial cells by
a. unique ribosomes.
b. the presence of mycolic acid in their cell walls.
c. the absence of a cell wall.
d. the absence of a cytoplasmic membrane.
33. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a
eukaryotic cell?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. nucleus
34. Single-celled organisms called ciliates are
a. fungi.
b. protozoa.
c. algae.
d. bacteria.
35. Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
a. in kingdom Protista
b. parasitic worms
c. eggs and sperm for reproduction
d. often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
36. Of the microscopic fungi, _________ are filamentous fungi made of long thread-like cells
called hyphae.
a. Yeast
b. Mold
c. Mushroom
d. Flower
37. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
a. replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release.
b. assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption.
c. adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration.
d. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
38. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms
and inactivity without symptoms are called
a. latent
b. oncogenic.
c. prions.
d. viroids.
39. How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host?
a. Budding or exocytosis
b. Bursting the host cell
c. Rupturing the virus
d. Endocytosis
40. Clostridium botulinum is made virulent by incorporated prophage genes encoding for
the botulinum toxin. What term describes this process?
a. Lytic phase
b. Adsorption
c. Lysogenic conversion
d. Latent phase
41. Viruses belong to which of the following Kingdoms?
a. Protista
b. Fungi
c. Monera
d. None of the choices are correct.
42. A positive (+) strand of RNA
a. Cannot function directly as mRNA
b. Makes a minus (-) strand of RNA which can then act as mRNA
c. Can directly act as mRNA.
d. Must be double stranded.
43. When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means
a. the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.
b. the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane.
c. the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid.
d. the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host.
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
44. The negative (-) sense strand of RNA
a. Plays no role
b. Makes RNA replicase
c. Is used to synthesize more + strands
d. Acts as mRNA to make viral proteins
45. Retroviruses have
a. One copy of single-stranded RNA
b. Two copies of single-stranded RNA
c. One copy of double-stranded RNA
d. Two copies of single-stranded DNA
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
Short Answer: Answer each question in the spaces provided (20 points total).
46. Using the bacterial cell below, label the following: ribosomes, chromosome, flagellum,
pilus, fimbriae, inclusion body, cell envelope, cell wall, slime layer, capsule. (5 points, ½
point for each structure)
47. This question will compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
a. Give 1 example of a prokaryote. (1 point)
b. Give 1 example of a eukaryote. (1 point)
c. Give an example of a microbe that doesn’t fit into either category of prokaryote
or eukaryote. (1 point)
d. Describe 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (2 points)
BIOL 120 W13
Instructor: D. Rintala
Bryant & Stratton College
NAME_______________________________________________________ DATE_____________
48. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria vary in their cell envelope structures.
A. Label the following structures (remember, some of these are found in both,
some only in one or the other): Gram-positive, Gram-negative, cell wall, cell
envelope, teichoic acid, plasma membrane, lipopolysaccharide, periplasmic
space, peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane, porins. (5 points)
49. Draw a naked virus and an enveloped virus and label the following: capsid, envelope,
spike, nucleic acid on one or both (if they have the structure). (5 points)