You are almost ready for your Segment 2 final exam! Complete this review sheet and submit it to your instructor via email. Then schedule a time to review your responses so that you can use this as notes for your final exam. Analyzing Kennedy’s speech (Lesson 5.02): You will be asked to analyze a text on the final exam What is Kennedy’s claim? Kennedy is trying to claim that the US, should be the first on space science. What is the counterclaim? What is Kennedy’s point of view? (5.03) Read Kennedy’s speech and break down the paragraphs Example: Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading spacefaring nation. We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours. There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are Example: Give a five-word summary of the paragraph and tell how it relates to the claim or counterclaim: We will lead space race Gives the claim and lists other firsts where America has lead the world to show we have lead before Give a five-word summary of the paragraph and tell how it relates to the claim or counterclaim: Give a five-word summary of the paragraph and tell how it relates to the claim or counterclaim: Give a five-word summary of the paragraph and tell how it relates to the claim or counterclaim: hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas? We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too. Give a five-word summary of the paragraph and tell how it relates to the claim or counterclaim: Neutral tone: Explain whether the following sentences have a neutral tone. (Hint: look for positive and negative connotation words that will make the sentence positive or negative instead of neutral) Example: His against-all-odds achievements are Example: This has a positive tone and not a all the more remarkable considering he was neutral tone. Words like “achievements” and forced to quit school aged 14 because his family “remarkable” have strong positive connotations could no longer afford the $80-a-year (£50) fees. which definitely make the tone positive and not neutral. Unable to attend school, he kept up his education by using a local library. He upgraded his original windmill to 48-volts and anchored it in concrete after its wooden base was chewed away by termites. The teenager had a dream of bringing electricity and running water to his village. Claim, counterclaim, thesis: The driving age should be changed to 18 in order to prevent the accidents and loss of life caused by young drivers. Use the 5-step process to write a counterclaim. Complete the following sentence: The claim states that … Cross out "The claim states that." What remains is your clearly stated position. Complete the following sentence: Some may disagree because … Cross out "Some may disagree because." What remains is your counterclaim. Combine these two thoughts into one sentence using words like while and although to help connect the ideas. This is your thesis. Logical evidence and support: Remember that evidence is logical support (logos) and is not tied to emotion or right and wrong (ethos and pathos). For the claim, “But this was not another tale of African potential thwarted by poverty.” Which of the following is logical evidence (logos) and which are persuasion (pathos and ethos). Quote words from the sentences to explain your analysis Example: Mr. Kamkwamba, who is now 22 years Example: This is logical support for the claim old, knocked together a turbine from spare bicycle because it shows exactly what he used and how parts, a tractor fan blade and an old shock old he was. Those are facts. I do not see any absorber, and fashioned blades from plastic emotion words here, so this is definitely evidence. pipes, flattened by being held over a fire. Meanwhile, he installed a solar-powered mechanical pump, donated by well-wishers, above a borehole, adding water storage tanks and bringing the first potable water source to the entire region around his village. Fascinated by science, his life changed one day when he picked up a tattered textbook and saw a picture of a windmill. But his ingenious project met blank looks in his community of about 200 people. Syntax and Diction: Lessons 6.03 and 6.05 What is inverted syntax and why would an author use it? “How long I sat beside Calypso I don't know.” “Ten thousand saw I at a glance” “The waves beside them danced” Does this use inverted syntax or traditional syntax? How do you know? Does this use inverted syntax or traditional syntax? How do you know? Does this use inverted syntax or traditional syntax? How do you know? Put the following words in order from most formal diction to least formal diction: busy, engaged, occupied Put the following words and phrases in order from most formal diction to least formal diction: shall not, won’t, will not Grammar: Lesson 6.12 What is parallel structure? Why is it important in writing? Correct the sentences below to achieve parallel structure Example: To write a strong essay, you must Example: To write a strong essay, you must research information, keep good notes, and research information, keep good notes, and outlining all the way. outline all the way. I love to sing, running, and swimming. I am not going to eat anything that is spicy, slimy, or it is undercooked. Run-on sentences, comma splices, semicolons Why is the following considered a run-on sentence? My good friend loves playing basketball, beach volleyball, and soccer he recently hurt himself and cannot play for months. CORRECT this run-on sentence using a comma and conjunction: My good friend loves playing basketball, beach volleyball, and soccer he recently hurt himself and cannot play for months. CORRECT this run-on sentence using only a semicolon: My good friend loves playing basketball, beach volleyball, and soccer he recently hurt himself and cannot play for months. Context Clues: Lesson 4.03 Example: The young woman pressed and prodded the wasted muscles, resting her body on her knees, her bowed head hidden as in a cloud by her black wealth of hair. The young woman pressed and prodded the wasted muscles, resting her body on her knees, her bowed head hidden as in a cloud by her black wealth of hair. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours. Example: What words or phrases could you substitute for “wasted muscles” in this sentence to mean the same? I would substitute weak and hurting muscles since the young woman is massaging them. What words or phrases could you substitute for “wealth of hair” in this sentence to mean the same? What word or phrase could you substitute for “extending his writ” in this sentence to mean the same? (5.02 page 3)