Table S1. Summary of groundwater concentrations from which natural background scenarios were constructed.
Radium-226 (Bq/l)
Radium-228 (Bq/l)
Country
Upper
Lower
Mean
Algeria
0.1489
0.0139
Australia
0.2070
0.0030
Australia
0.9600
0.0100
0.0700
Austria
4.9000
0.0400
0.0000
Brazil
0.4920
0.0020
Croatia
6.2000
0.0900
Egypt
0.0400
0.0080
Egypt
11.1000
2.3000
4.8000
Egypt
5.1000
1.6000
3.4000
Upper
Lower
0.0529
0.0072
2.8000
0.0100
Potassium-40 (Bq/l)
Mean
0.1400
Upper
Lower
0.0022
0.0001
0.8900
0.0600
Sample
size
Mean
Source
Seghour, 2009
0.2700
14
Lamontagne, 2008
110
Kleinshmidt, 2011
Dragovic, 2012
1.5000
0.0100
Almeida, 2004
1.3200
Dragovic, 2012
5.9200
0.0148
0.3440
0.0250
50
Khalil et al., 2009
Dragovic, 2012
Dragovic, 2012
Estonia
0.6600
0.4400
Forte, 2010
Estonia
0.7000
0.5900
Forte, 2010
Finland
1.0000
0.0100
0.0410
0.3000
Finland
49.0000
0.0100
0.0000
Dragovic, 2012
France
2.3000
0.6000
1.2000
Dragovic, 2012
France
2.2870
0.5880
1.1583
Hungary
1.1000
0.3200
0.7600
Jordan
6.8000
3.8000
5.0000
Morocco
0.0250
0.0010
0.0098
0.0173
0.0006
0.0050
Morocco
3.6960
0.0091
0.6510
0.6200
0.0024
0.0915
Morocco
0.0053
0.0008
0.0021
0.0029
0.0008
0.0019
Morocco
0.0105
0.0025
0.0073
0.0033
0.0007
0.0022
Morocco
0.0230
0.0008
0.0082
0.0110
0.0006
0.0041
Nigeria
26.7000
0.6000
7.2000
Poland
0.8080
0.0130
0.1840
0.0300
Poland
0.9200
0.0070
0.4000
0.0040
Poland
0.0500
0.0148
Poland
0.1400
0.0040
1.5900
0.0300
0.2600
0.0340
0.8545
176
6
Vesterbacker, 2006
Rihs, 2001
Dragovic, 2012
Dragovic, 2012
15
Hakam, 2001
Hakam, 2001
8
Hakam, 2001
Hakam, 2001
3
Hakam, 2001
Dragovic, 2012
Walencik et al, 2009
55
Przylibski et al. 2002
Grabowski, 2010
0.0456
0.1710
0.0120
0.0620
10
Nguyen, 2012
Table S1. Cont....
Radium-226 (bq/l)
Country
Radium-228 (bq/l)
Potassium-40 (bq/l)
Upper
Lower
Mean
Upper
Lower
Mean
Poland
0.0485
0.0070
0.1610
0.0736
0.0150
0.2040
21
Nguyen, 2012
Poland
0.7580
0.0140
0.1840
0.8770
0.0150
0.1830
6
Nguyen, 2012
0.3360
28
Nguyen, 2012
9
Poland
0.6380
0.2430
0.3690
0.6160
2.1700
0.1900
Upper
Lower
Sample
size
Mean
0.0300
Source
Poland
Romania
85.0000
0.1900
1.8000
0.0600
0.6700
Kozlowska 2010
Dragovic, 2012
Serbia
14.8000
0.1200
0.3600
Dragovic, 2012
Serbia
17.0000
0.1800
0.5700
Dragovic, 2012
Serbia
2.2800
0.0900
0.8300
Dragovic, 2012
Serbia
17.0000
0.1800
2.1000
Dragovic, 2012
Slovenia
0.0430
0.0080
0.0250
Dragovic, 2012
17
Spain
0.2670
0.0007
0.0211
Spain
3.7000
0.0040
0.0000
Dragovic, 2012
Sweden
4.9000
0.1200
0.2700
Dragovic, 2012
Tunisia
3.9000
0.0300
0.8000
Dragovic, 2012
Turkey
5.6000
0.6000
2.8000
Dragovic, 2012
UK
0.0024
Plater, 1995
UK
0.0021
Plater, 1995
UK
0.0026
Plater, 1995
UK
0.0025
Plater, 1995
Plater, 1995
UK
0.0087
0.0007
0.0040
UK
0.0500
0.0020
0.0030
Plater, 1995
0.1900
UK
USA
0.0006
0.0006
USA
0.0028
0.0034
USA
0.0008
USA
0.0009
0.0012
USA
0.0020
0.0020
USA
0.0132
0.0003
0.0050
Manjon, 1996
0.0260
0.0589
35
Defra, 1995-2001
21
Moore, 1983
Moore, 1983
Moore, 1983
Moore, 1983
25
Michael et al. 2011
Kitto 2004
Table S1. Cont ....
Radium-226 (bq/l)
Country
USA
USA
Upper
Lower
0.4440
0.0007
0.6438
0.0185
USA
16.9000
USA
1.1211
0.0370
USA
1.5170
0.0037
USA
3.6260
Radium-228 (bq/l)
Mean
0.0851
1.6000
Potassium-40 (bq/l)
Upper
Lower
0.6660
0.0011
78
King 1982
0.0185
0.0814
88
USGS 2005
2.1000
99
USGS 1998
0.4736
2.6800
Mean
Upper
Lower
Sample
size
Mean
Source
USGS factsheet, 1998
5.9200
0.0370
USGS 1995
0.0007
256
USGS 2000
Grundl
USA
0.3589
0.0370
0.1374
0.5254
0.0000
0.1784
34
USA
0.3486
0.0014
0.0369
0.2341
0.0020
0.0264
52
Vinson 2008
USA
0.1049
0.0009
0.0111
0.1027
0.0000
0.0129
24
Vinson 2008
0.0108
34
Vinson 2008
USA
0.0833
0.0007
0.0083
0.0963
0.0000
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