CHAPTER 20 Water Pollution Core Case Study: Lake Washington 1. What was being dumped into Lake Washington by the mid 1950s? 2. What did the growth of cyanobacteria do to the lake? 3. What was done to help rectify the situation? 20-1: What are the Causes & Effects of Water Pollution Define water pollution: _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Point WATER POLLLUTION Non-Point What Is It? Examples What are the 3 biggest sources of water pollution? 1. __________________ activities _____________ from agricultural lands ______________ & ________________ Bacteria from ___________________ & ___________________ 2. __________________ facilities ________________ &________________ chemicals 3. Mining __________________ & toxic chemical How have parking lots become a major source of nonpoint pollution? One of the major water pollution problems people face is exposure to ____________________ through _________________________________________________. How many diseases can be spread through water vectors? __________ _______________________ die every year from water diseases. Most are under age ____. ______________ worldwide have no access to clean drinking water (this is __ in every __) Looking at Tables 20-1 and 20-2: Describe one major water pollutant and its source(s). List 4 diseases transmitted through water that cause diarrhea: Science Focus: Testing Water for Pollutants 1. Fecal coliform bacteria indicate water contamination. To be deemed safe for drinking,water can have ______ colonies, for swimming __________. sewage has _____________. 2. Levels of _____________________ (____) can indicate the presence of bacteria. Raw 3. Two indicator species for water pollution are ____________ and _______________. 4. Define turbidity: ________________________________________________________ 20-2: What are the Major Water Pollution Problems in Streams and Lakes? Rivers and streams can naturally recover from wastes through ____________________ and __________________________ by bacteria. This recovery process does not work when: What is an oxygen sag curve? Draw and label a diagram of the oxygen sag curve below: Stream Pollution in Developed Countries Water pollution laws were set in the __________s. Successful clean ups of the _________________ River and ______________ River. Room for improvement: toxic chemicals by _________________________, overloaded sewage treatment plants, runoff from agriculture/feedlots (__________________, ______________________ & ____________________) Stream Pollution in Developing Countries Most of the world’s polluted river are in developing countries because they cannot ________________________________ and/or ________________________________. _____% - _____% of raw sewage is dumped _______________ waste pollutes 2/3 of India’s rivers In China _______________________ people do not have access to drinkable water India’s Ganges River: According to the Hindu people, the Ganges is a ________ river. People use it to _______, ________ from or take a dip. But it is highly polluted by the people and the industries in the _____ cities in the basin. Complicating the situation, Hindus believe they must __________ the dead. Putting the ashes in the Ganges increases chances of getting to heaven. But, many people cannot afford enough _______ for cremation. So the bodies are _____________ ________________ and mingle with livestock. _________________ of the bodies decreases ____________________ and adds disease causing _____________ and _____________ to the water. To clean up the river, the government plans to build _________________________ in the basin’s cities and 32 electric _____________________. Also, they released 25,000 ____________________________ to devour ________________. Another religious custom is to throw ______________________ into the river. Often these contain ___________________ like _________ & ______________. Describe why lakes are more vulnerable to water pollution. Define: EutrophicationOligotrophicThe most common culprits for cultural eutrophication are ___________ and ___________ containing compounds. Explain how cultural eutrophication kills fish: (Remember we’ve done this before!) What two lessons can be learned from the story of Lake Washington? Briefly describe the history of the Great Lakes as far as being affected by water pollution. 20-3: What Are the Major Pollution Problems Affecting Groundwater and Other Drinking Water Sources? Name several common pollutants that pollute groundwater. Describe why it is difficult and costly to remove contaminants from groundwater. Toxins dumped underground pose a risk to our aquifers: The EPA says that __/__ of the industrial waste ponds in the US have no liners. __/__ of our liquid hazardous wastes are injected into the ground. Inside those leaky tanks are: gasoline, oil, _____ (letters only), and _____ ions. The last 2 are known carcinogens (cause ______________) and nitrate ions can cause ______________________ which kills infants How does drinking water become polluted with arsenic? Arsenic can cause: Describe one prevention and one cleanup solution to groundwater pollution. Describe how each purifies drinking water: Developed Countries Sewer Wastewater Tropical Countries The LifeStraw How has New York City protected its watershed in order to have pure water? What is the US Safe Water Drinking Act? Is it working? Is drinking bottled water worth it? List a few harmful impacts bottled water has on the environment. 20-4: What are the Major Water Pollution Problems Affecting Oceans? ______% of the world lives on or near the coast, with _____ of the world’s 15 largest metro areas being on the coast. ______% of marine pollution is from the land. Using Figure 20-15, pick 3 to describe below: 3 Examples of Sources of Marine Pollution 1. 2. 3. How are cruise ships contributing to marine pollution? What causes oxygen-depleted zones? Ocean Oil Pollution: What happened to the Exxon Valdez oil tanker in 1989? What is actually the largest source of ocean oil pollution? What affect does oil have on marine life? Describe one prevention and one cleanup solution to coastal water pollution. 20-5: How Can We Best Deal With Water Pollution? Ways to reduce water pollution from nonpoint sources: What is the Clean Water Act and what types of improvements has it led to? Some homes have septic tanks. Describe how this works. A picture could be helpful. o o o o Many homes send their wastewater to sewage treatment plants. The steps are: STEP ONE: _________________ Sewage treatment is a ________________ process Goal: ____________________________________________________________ Pieces: __________________________________________________________ Does not remove: ___________________________________________________ STEP TWO: _________________ Sewage treatment is a ________________ process Goal: _____________________________________________________________ Pieces: __________________________________________________________ Does not remove: ___________________________________________________ STEP THREE: _________________ Sewage treatment is a ________________ process Goal: _____________________________________________________________ Pieces: __________________________________________________________ Does not remove: ___________________________________________________ BEFORE DISCHARGE: water is subject to _______________ or __________________ to remove ______________ & ________________________________. Describe a few issues that may arise in wastewater treatment plants in the US. What is a composting toilet system? Why is a wetland-based sewage treatment plant better? Science Focus: Treating Sewage by Working with Nature 1. Describe John Todd’s “living machine”.