Supporting information
Table S1 Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.
Reference
Type of
experiment
Isotope type
Biochar
Pyrolysis temperature
(°C)
Experimen
tal duration
(days)
Biochar
decompos
ed amount
(%)
Feedstock
Pyrolysis
type
Maize silage
Slow
600
57
1.8–2.7%
Barley root
Slow
225, 300, 375
113
2.1–9.2%
Barley root
Slow
400, 500, 600
413
Suagecane bagasse
Suagecane trash
Slow
350, 450, 550
14
0.6–1.3%
0.02–
1.3%
Sydney blue gum
Slow
450, 550
730
0.5–
10.7%
Wheat straw
Blue gum eucalypt
Slow
450
74
0.2–0.3%
Corn stover
Slow
350, 550
510
Sydney blue gum
Slow
450, 550
120
7–14%
0.4–
1.05%
Ryegrass
Slow
400
1181
3.9–4.5%
Ryegrass
Slow
400
3102
5.4–5.8%
Corn straw
Miscanthus
giganteus
Slow
500
30
2.3–3.0%
Slow
350, 700
87
0.1–1.1%
13C
Bamminger et al.
(2014)
Incubation
Bruun et al. (2008)
Incubation
Bruun et al. (2014)
Incubation
Cross & Sohi (2011)
Incubation
natural
abundance
14
C-labelled
biochar
14
C-labelled
biochar
13C natural
abundance
13C-depleted
Fang et al. (2014)
Incubation
Farrell et al. (2013)
Incubation
biochar
13C-enriched
biochar
13C
Hearth et al. (2014)
Incubation
Keith et al. (2011)
Kuzyakov et al.
(2009)
Kuzyakov et al.
(2014)
Incubation
Lu et al. (2014)
Incubation
Luo et al. (2011)
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
natural
abundance
13C-depleted
biochar
14C-labelled
biochar
14C-labelled
biochar
13C natural
abundance
13C natural
abundance
Maestrini et al.
(2014b)
Maestrini et al.
(2014a)
13
Incubation
Field
Major et al. (2010)
Malghani et al.
(2013)
Field
Naisse et al. (2014)
Incubation
Incubation
C-enriched
biochar
13
C-enriched
biochar
13
C natural
abundance
13
C natural
abundance
13
C natural
abundance
Ryegrass
Slow
450
158
4.3–4.4%
Pine
Slow
450
365
0.3–0.5%
Old mango tree
Slow
400–600
730
2.2%
Corn silage
Slow
500
105
2.4–7.0%
Maize silage
Weathered Maize
silage
Fast
1200
222
0.6–1.4%
Switchgrass
Slow
475
189
1.1–2.1%
Pine
Slow
450
180
0.4–0.4%
Sydney blue gum
Sydney blue gum
leaves
Poultry litter
Cow manure
Papermill sludge
Slow
400, 550
1829
0.6–8.9%
Oak pellets
Fast
550
699
0.8–8.8%
Maize silage
Slow
1200
164, 245
2.9–8.9%
Rice straw
Eastern gamma
grass
Fast
250, 350
112
2.1–2.8%
Slow
250, 400, 650
505
0.4–5.5%
13
Nguyen et al. (2014)
Incubation
Santos et al. (2012)
Incubation
Singh et al. (2012)
Incubation
C natural
abundance
13C-enriched
biochar
13C natural
abundance
13C
Stewart et al. (2013)
Incubation
Ventura et al. (2014)
Field
Yin et al. (2014)
Zimmerman et al.
(2011)
Incubation
References
Incubation
natural
abundance
13C natural
abundance
13C-enriched
biochar
13C natural
abundance
* indicates studies are used for the meta-analysis of biochar addition induced priming effect.
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*Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H, Bogomolova I, Xu X (2009) Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial
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*Lu W, Ding W, Zhang J, Li Y, Luo J, Bolan N, Xie Z (2014) Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated
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*Malghani S, Gleixner G, Trumbore SE (2013) Chars produced by slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization vary in carbon
sequestration potential and greenhouse gases emissions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 62, 137–146.
*Naisse C, Girardin C, Lefevre R, Pozzi A, Maas R, Stark A, Rumpel C (2014) Effect of physical weathering on the carbon
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*Nguyen BT, Koide RT, Dell C, Drohan P, Skinner H, Adler PR, Nord A (2014) Turnover of soil carbon following addition of
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*Santos F, Torn MS, Bird JA (2012) Biological degradation of pyrogenic organic matter in temperate forest soils. Soil Biology and
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*Singh BP, Cowie AL, Smernik RJ (2012) Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis
temperature. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 11770–11778.
*Stewart CE, Zheng J, Botte J, Cotrufo MF (2013) Co-generated fast pyrolysis biochar mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and
increases carbon sequestration in temperate soils. GCB Bioenergy, 5, 153–164.
*Ventura M, Alberti G, Viger M et al. (2014) Biochar mineralization and priming effect on SOM decomposition in two European
short rotation coppices. GCB Bioenergy. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12219.
*Yin YF, He XH, Gao R, Ma HL, Yang YS (2014) Effects of rice straw and its biochar addition on soil labile carbon and soil organic
carbon. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13, 491–498.
*Zimmerman AR, Gao B, Ahn MY (2011) Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biocharamended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 1169–1179.