Hendra Gunawan, E061060161 2010
Habitat and Distribution of Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) on
Fragmented Landscape in Centra Java
Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) is limited distributed in Java Island. It’s
population is continually decreasing so it listed in Red list by the IUCN as critically endangered
species. The decrease was mainly caused by fragmentation and degradation of forest. The
objectives of this research are to map the distribution, to identify the metapopulation types and
habitat characteristics, to measure the fragmentation of natural forest and to build a spatial model
of habitat suitability. The methods were include GPS mapping of population, metapopulation
analyses, habitat analyses, fragmentation analyses using patch analyst and spatial modeling of
habitat suitability using ArcView 3.2. The results found that there are 48 locations of javan
leopards that distributed in five types of forest, i.e. pines plantation (43,8 %), teak plantation
(27,1 %) natural mountain forest (14,5 %), mixed plantation forest (8,3 %) and natural lowland
forest (6,3 %). Javan leopard have preference to certain type of forest (P≤0,05). Total population
estimation of the javan leopard in Central Java was 234-383 individuals. There are eight
components that crucial for habitat of javan leopard and relevant for spatial modeling of habitat
suitability, i.e. patch extent, prey, forest vegetation, climate, water, topography, altitude and
status of forest. Fragmentation in the last 16 years has reduced 88,0 % of total natural forest area
in central java and fluctuate the number of patches, total edge and edge density. Javan leopards
are distributed in non-equilibrium metapopulation (31,25 %), mainland-islands metapopulation
(22,92 %), classic metapopulation (10,42 %) and patchy metapopulation (35,42 %). Spatial
model of habitat suitability result 7,67 % patches of low suitability, 36,92 % patches of moderate
suitability and 55,41 % patches of high suitability. The validity of the model is 95,83