All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Comparing DNA Sequences – BLAST LAB – Blast Video (9:59)
You do NOT need to watch the cladogram video
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. What is a cladogram?
2. You sequence the DNA of species 1 and submit this to Blast returning species 2 to 5.
Calculate the percent similarity to species 1. Using this information, build a cladogram
showing their predicted evolutionary relatedness.
Species
1
2
3
4
5
DNA Sequence
ATGACGCGGTGTACGACCAGTGTA
ATGTCGCGGTATACGACGAGAGTA
ATGACCCGCTGTACGACCAGTGTA
ATGACCCGGTGTACGACCAGTGTA
ATCACGCGGTGTACCACGACAGTT
Similarity (%)
100
Cladogram:
3. Species 1 has a most recent common ancestor with species ____________________________ and
is most unrelated to species _______________________________.
4. What is the NCBI? What did Mr. Anderson use the NCBI site to do – be as specific as
possible?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
5. What is Blast used for? What is BLAST doing precisely when you perform a nucleotide or
polypeptide search? What is the output of a BLAST search?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Diffusion/Osmosis – Osmosis Video (7:44)
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. What is a dialysis tube?
2. Draw the initial and final state of the dialysis tubing experiment done by Mr. Anderson –
you should remember this from regents bio. Explain what is occurring and why.
3. Describe how the potato lab is done:
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
4a. Below is some hypothetical data from the potato lab. Calculate the percent mass change
for each. I did the first one for you…make sure you get the same answer before you do the
rest.
Solution
distilled water
0.2M
0.4M
0.6M
0.8M
1.0M
Initial Mass
4.74g
3.72
3.75
3.72
3.63
3.40
Final Mass
6.14g
4.12
3.43
3.01
2.50
2.10
Percent Change
29.5 %
b. Identify the independent variable:
c. Identify the dependent variable:
d. Graph the above data…make sure the independent variable is on the x-axis…this is
standard procedure. Do not connect the dots…use a best fit line like Mr. Anderson.
e. Why is a best fit line used?
f. What is the Molarity of the potato?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
g. What is the water potential of the potato cells assuming that there is no pressure being
exerted on the walls of the cells. Use the AP reference table
information to the right to assist you.
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Photosynthesis – Photosynthesis Experiment Video (6:44)
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate or NaHCO3. Try and figure out why this would be a
“source of carbon dioxide” according to Mr. Anderson.
2a) Why do the leaf chads float on the surface of the water intially?
b) How does Mr. A sink the chads?
c) Why does Mr. Anderson place water over the beaker containing the chads? Why water?
d) Why do the chads eventually float when exposed to light?
e) What is the dependent variable of this experimental setup?
f) How is the rate of photosynthesis being determined? Based on what?
4) What are some independent variables that you could study (think of three)?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
5) Choose two of the independent variables you thought of and formulate a hypothesis with
rationale for each.
1.
2.
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Cellular Respiration – video (5:39)
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. Describe how a respirometer works in detail.
2. Why is KOH used in the respirometer?
3. Explain the purpose of using glass beeds control group?
4. Below is data comparing germinating peas and dry peas (no worms were used in this
study) at two different temperatures. The glass bead controls are shown. Notice how the
glass bead changes are subtracted from the germinating peas and dry peas…
Complete the data for the 22C temperature
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
5. Graph the oxygen consumed vs time for the dry peas and germinating peas at the two
temperatures. Remember, independent variable is on the x-axis.
6. Calculate the rate of respiration for the four conditions:
Group
10C – germ peas
10C – dry peas
22C – germ peas
22C – dry peas
7. What do you conclude from this data?
Rate – oxygen consumed (ml) / min
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Transpiration – Transpiration Lab Video (5:15)
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. Describe transpiration
2. Draw the potometer and describe how it works.
3. What does a potometer measure?
4. Why does Mr. A use graph paper?
5. What is the independent variable of this study?
6. The dependent variable?
7. What is the control group? Experimental groups?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
8. Explain how each of the variables affects the rate of transpiration and why it affects
transpiration in this way compared to just the leaf in room light.
Experimental Groups
extra light
mist (100% humidity)
fan (wind)
Temperature
The affect on respiration
Why is affects respiration in this way…
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Standard Deviation – standard deviation video (7:49)
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. What does the standard deviation of a data set tell us?
2. Write the equation for the standard deviation below:
3. Below is hypothetical data for heart rates of 10 non-athletic adult humans. Calculate the
standard deviation of the data by hand:
Subject
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Heart Rate
(bpm)
68
74
82
70
64
60
53
96
80
72
4. What does this value (the standard deviation) explicitly tell you?
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
Standard Error
Watch video and answer questions as a class – help each other to understand…don’t just
give answers to each other, which is pointless. Feel free to pause, rewind, etc…as a class.
1. Mr. Anderson shows two datasets…both of which have a mean of 12. However, dataset 1
has far more variability than dataset 2. Error bars alone for each dataset would not
represent the data well. Why are standard error bars critical on a bar graph when each bar
represents a lot of data?
2. Write the formula for standard error and explain the terms:
3. What does a larger sample size do to the standard error?
4. Below is more heart rate data…but now of athletes
Subject
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Heart Rate
(bpm)
46
49
54
38
42
50
51
47
55
37
Calculate the standard deviation of this group:
All videos can be found on the AP Biology Website under the AP Lab Tab:
http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/truglio/ap-webpage2011-12/drtbiology-Lab.html
4. Fill in the chart for both the non-athletes and athletes:
Non-Athletes
Athletes
Mean
Standard Deviation
Standard Error
5. Make a bar graph of this data…make sure to put error bars for standard error.