Electronic supplementary material (ESM): “Organic milk has lower
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1 Electronic supplementary material (ESM): “Organic milk has lower land use impacts on biodiversity than conventional milk”: Carina Mueller, Laura de Baan, Thomas Koellner Table S1 Applied z-values by biome (source: Kier et al. 2005) z-value Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest 0.26a Tropical and subtropical grass-/shrublands and savannahs 0.18 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 0.17 a specifically for Asia as for this biome region-specific z-values were given Table S2 Medians of biodiversity characterization factors of occupation impacts per land use type, farming practice an biome TempBMF broadleaf and mixed forests, TropGL sub-/tropical grass-/shrublands and savannahs and TropMBF sub-/tropical moist broadleaf forests Biome Median 1. quartile 3. quartile n TempBLF Pasture Conv 0.28 -0.28 0.54 14 x 33 Org -0.02 -0.65 0.33 14 x 33 Annual crops TropGL Annual crops Conv 0.60 0.38 0.78 28 x 33 Conv 0.81 0.75 0.85 15 x 6 Org 0.15 -0.33 0.37 26x 33 Org 0.42 0.25 0.52 2x6 TropMBF Permanent crops Conv 0.51 0.29 0.67 12 x 14 2 Table S3 Composition of concentrate feeda by farming practice (modified from Cederberg and Flysjoe 2004) Fodder crop Share in concentrates Land use type Country of origin (% dry mass) Conventional Barley 35 Arable, intensive Sweden Beet pulp, molasse 17 Arable, intensive Sweden, Baltic states Rapeseed meal 15 Arable, intensive Germany, Sweden Wheat 11 Arable, intensive Sweden Soymeal 10 Arable, intensive Brazil Wheat bran + dried draff 4 Arable, intensive Sweden Palm kernel expels 3 Permanent crops, intensive Malaysia Fatty acids 2 Arable and Permanent crops, intensive Sweden, Malaysia, Brazil Grass pellets Triticale 2 1 Pasture/meadow, intensive Arable, intensive Denmark Sweden Organic Barleyc Wheatc Horse beanc Maize gluten meal Luzern pelletsc Rapeseed mealc Beet pulpc Soybeanc Oatsc Fatty acids 47 22 6 6 5 4 4 4 2 1 Arable, organic Arable, organic Arable, organic Arable, intensive Pasture/meadow, organic Arable, organic Arable, organic Arable, organic Arable, organic Arable and permanent crops, intensive Sweden Sweden Sweden France Sweden Sweden Sweden South America Sweden Sweden, Malaysia, Brazil Biome Yield (kg*ha-1*a-1) tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tropGL tempBMF tropMBF tempBMF, tropGL,tropMBF tempBMF tempBMF 4600 10714 2580 6100 3125 6100 25000 2580, 2500, 3125 tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tempBMF tropGL tempBMF tempBMF, tropGL,tropMBF tempBMF 2760 3215 2600 2500 8000 2000 8571 1800 3000 2580,2500,3125 8000 5000 Beet pulp, molasse <1 Arable, intensive Sweden 10714 a sum of purchased concentrates and concentrates produced on-farm (i.e maize and grains) b tropMBF: Sub-/tropical Moist Broadleaf Forest, tropGL: Sub-/tropical grass-/shrublands and Savannahs, tempBMF: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest c produced organically 3 Table S4 Land use change between land cover types (modified from (FAOSTAT 2012b) Country Land covera Average area Average area Change over for the period for the period 20-year period 1985-1989 2005-2009 (1000 ha) (1000 ha) (1000 ha) 26713 31400 4687 Argentina Arable land Permanent crops 1017 1000 -17 Permanent 100144 106450 6306 meadows Forest 35514 30119 -5395 Arable land 49100 61080 11980 Brazil Permanent crops 6161 7460 1299 Permanent 180340 196000 15660 meadows Forest 583231 526105 -57126 Arable land 1432 1800 368 Malaysia Permanent crops 4744 5785 1041 Permanent 271 285 14 meadows Forest 22770 20716 -2054 a according to FAO Classification Change of area per ha covered on average in 2007 (ha × year) 0.149 -0.017 0.059 -0.179 0.196 0.174 0.080 -0.109 0.204 0.180 0.048 -0.099 3 4 Table S5 Plant species richness (S) standardised to area and as mentioned sampling area and species richness in source in the biomes TempBMF broadleaf and mixed forests, TropGL sub-/tropical grass-/shrublands and savannahs and Trop MBF sub-/tropical moist broadleaf forests, land use types permcro permanent crops, ancro annual crops, pas pasture/meadows and ref (semi-)natural reference and farming practice conventional or organic Biome Source Ammer et al. 1988 Boutin et al. 2008 Clough et al. 2007 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Gabriel et al. 2006 Gabriel et al. 2010 Gabriel et al. 2010 Hald 1999 Hawes et al. 2010 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hotze and van Elsen 2006 Kaar and Freier 2008 Krauss et al. 2011 Kreuter 2005 Kreuter 2005 Matzdorf and Zerbe 2000 Matzdorf and Zerbe 2000 Moreby et al. 1994 Moreby et al. 1994 Norton 2002 Roschewitz et al. 2005 Ulber et al. 2009 Ammer et al. 1988 Boutin et al. 2008 Clough et al. 2007 Carey et al. 2007 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Gabriel et al. 2006 Gabriel et al. 2010 Gabriel et al. 2010 Hald 1999 Hawes et al. 2010 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hiltbrunner et al. 2008 Hotze and van Elsen 2006 Kaar and Freier 2008 Krauss et al. 2011 Kreuter 2005 Kreuter 2005 Manhoudt et al. 2005 Matzdorf and Zerbe 2000 Matzdorf and Zerbe 2000 TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF Land use Farming type practice ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org org conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv S 15 17 23 20 19 29 11 10 30 10 16 13 16 17 24 28 11 17 15 25 23 12 12 15 31 23 7 9 10 10 9 5 14 2 3 12 15 7 2 9 5 8 16 3 3 4 10 15 14 Area SR [m²] Standardised 200 5 50 100 100 50 3 3 2 11 20 20 20 20 100 100 5 150 150 1125 675 3 3 15 60 1600 500 5 50 200 100 100 50 3 3 2 11 20 20 20 20 100 100 5 150 150 100 630 675 14.50 21.88 23.79 20.00 18.50 30.00 14.81 13.75 43.88 11.04 17.10 14.01 17.10 18.20 24.00 27.50 14.18 16.42 14.95 22.17 20.67 16.89 17.34 16.69 31.56 20.83 6.51 11.56 10.08 9.96 8.50 5.00 14.41 3.17 3.40 17.55 17.66 7.17 2.54 10.29 5.18 8.00 16.20 3.26 2.79 3.72 10.00 13.45 12.59 4 5 Moreby et al. 1994 Moreby et al. 1994 Norton 2002 Roschewitz et al. 2005 Ulber et al. 2009 Carey et al. 2007 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Gabriel et al. 2010 Gabriel et al. 2010 Knop (2005) Knop (2005) Knop (2005) Lips et al. 1997 Schreiber and Lehman 1996 Schreiber and Lehman 1996 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Weibull et al. 2003 Carey et al. 2007 Frieben and Koepke 1996 Gabriel et al. 2010 Gabriel et al. 2010 Knop (2005) Knop (2005) Knop (2005) Lips et al. 1997 Schreiber and Lehman 1996 Schreiber and Lehman 1996 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Wachendorf and Taube 2001 Weibull et al. 2003 Badea et al. 2011 Badea et al. 2011 Badea et al. 2011 Badea et al. 2011 Badea et al. 2011 Badea et al. 2011 BDM (2004) BDM (2004) BDM (2004) BDM (2004) BDM (2004) BDM (2004) Brunet et al. 1996 Brunet 2007 Carey et al. 2007 De Keersmaeker et al. 2004 De Keersmaeker et al. 2004 De Keersmaeker et al., 2004 Dumortier et al. 2002 Fahy and Gormally 1998 Gazol and Ibanez 2010 Goetmark et al. 2005 Hofmeister et al. 2009 TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas pas ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref conv conv conv conv conv org org org org org org org org org org org org org org conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv 4 4 8 15 13 20 13 7 6 30 40 49 30 23 21 25 21 24 39 14 11 5 4 18 31 31 10 21 20 19 17 16 36 32 46 37 45 54 12 9 17 21 17 19 17 8 25 21 10 15 13 36 17 13 20 34 3 3 15 60 1600 200 4 9 9 50 50 50 5000 50 50 22400 13200 5200 2500 200 4 9 9 50 50 50 5000 50 50 20400 16400 6000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 1 10 10 10 10 10 50 21800 200 100 100 100 8300 4 400 10000 38 6.06 6.26 9.02 15.62 11.21 19.73 16.66 7.97 7.57 30.85 41.11 50.90 25.63 23.89 21.82 20.19 17.57 20.46 33.75 13.83 14.34 6.30 4.30 19.00 32.35 31.76 8.81 21.82 20.78 15.88 14.40 13.55 31.91 28.05 40.32 32.43 39.44 47.33 10.81 34.69 19.84 24.59 20.11 21.87 19.84 8.62 20.37 20.21 10.00 15.00 13.00 30.39 21.96 12.20 16.96 36.25 5 6 Oheimb et al. 2007 Schmidt 2005 Schmidt 2005 Schmidt 2005 Schmidt 2005 Schmidt 2005 Szymura and Szymura 2011 Thorell and Goetmark 2005 Vockenhuber 2011 Wohlgemuth 1998 Tamiozzo and Jacobi 2004 Tamiozzo and Jacobi 2004 Poggio 2005 Poggio 2005 Poggio 2005 Poggio et al. 2012 Poggio et al. 2012 Poggio et al. 2012 de la Fuente et al. 2006 de la Fuente et al. 2006 de la Fuente et al. 2006 de la Fuente et al. 2010 de la Fuente et al. 2010 Vitta et al. 2004 Vitta et al. 2004 Tuesca and Puricelli 2007 Tuesca and Puricelli 2007 Batalha et al. 2001 Batalha et al. 2001 Batalha et al. 2001 Amorim and Batalha 2007 Amorim and Batalha 2008 Cianciaruso and Batalho 2009 Ambinakudige and Sathish 2009 Ambinakudige and Sathish 2009 Ambinakudige and Sathish 2009 Gillison et al. 2004 Murdiyarso et al. 2002 Murdiyarso et al. 2002 Ramadhanil et al. 2008 Schulze and Fiedler 2004 Siebert 2002 Siebert 2002 Tyynela et al. 2003 Tyynela et al. 2003 Bos et al. 2008 Brearley et al. 2004 Gillison et al. 2003 Gillison et al. 2004 Gradstein et al. 2007 Kessler et al. 2005 Murdiyarso et al. 2002 Ramadhanil et al. 2008 Schulze and Fiedler 2004 TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TempBMF TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL TropGL ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ancro ref ref ref ref ref ref 7 23 13 31 26 23 31 23 15 23 24 18 10 18 8 9 10 7 15 12 8 8 11 11 10 7 7 39 44 33 55 14 16 100 314 314 314 314 314 250 3316 2 100 4 4 12 12 1045 600000 600000 600000 500000 500000 500000 760000 760000 300 300 5 5 400 400 400 10 1 1 6.60 22.08 12.32 29.57 24.64 21.70 29.67 19.71 21.94 23.00 31.00 23.25 11.83 20.56 7.50 6.82 7.58 5.31 11.40 9.13 6.13 6.26 8.15 10.45 9.50 8.73 8.73 36.40 41.28 31.33 64.18 53.26 59.68 TropMBF permcro conv 38 1250 34.12 TropMBF permcro conv 39 1250 35.01 TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro permcro ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv 38 26 25 25 48 10 21 17 5 7 56 85 102 40 56 76 120 46 22 1250 200 200 200 40 10 10000 10000 1 1 2500 7500 458 200 2500 2500 200 40 10 34.12 25.14 24.17 24.17 50.33 12.59 17.63 14.27 17.43 22.03 48.91 71.97 95.16 38.68 48.91 66.62 116.03 48.75 44.13 org org conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv conv 6 7 Siebert 2002 Slik et al. 2002 Turner et al. 1997 Tyynela et al. 2003 Tyynela et al. 2003 TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF TropMBF ref ref ref ref ref 45 76 53 9 8 900000 3000 2000 1 1 33.82 66.13 46.90 27.95 26.31 Table S6 Results of normalisations (*) of species richness (S), endemic species richness (EndS) and Conservation Risk Index (CRI) and their product, the Biodiversity Weighting factor (BWF) for all ecoregion Biome Code Ecoregion S EndS* CRI* BWF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AA0101 AA0102 AA0103 AA0104 AA0105 AA0106 AA0107 AA0108 AA0109 AA0110 AA0111 AA0112 AA0113 AA0114 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AA0115 AA0116 AA0117 AA0118 AA0119 AA0120 AA0121 AA0122 AA0123 AA0124 AA0125 AA0126 AA0127 AA0128 AT0101 AT0102 AT0103 AT0104 AT0105 AT0106 AT0107 AT0108 AT0109 AT0110 AT0111 AT0112 AT0113 AT0114 AT0115 AT0116 AT0117 AT0118 AT0119 AT0120 AT0121 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests Biak-Numfoor rain forests Buru rain forests Central Range montane rain forests Halmahera rain forests Huon Peninsula montane rain forests Yapen rain forests Lord Howe Island subtropical forests Louisiade Archipelago rain forests New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests New Caledonia rain forests Norfolk Island subtropical forests Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests Northern New Guinea montane rain forests Queensland tropical rain forests Seram rain forests Solomon Islands rain forests Southeastern Papuan rain forests Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests Sulawesi lowland rain forests Sulawesi montane rain forests Trobriand Islands rain forests Vanuatu rain forests Vogelkop montane rain forests Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests Albertine Rift montane forests Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests Cameroonian Highlands forests Central Congolian lowland forests Comoros forests Cross-Niger transition forests Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests East African montane forests Eastern Arc forests Eastern Congolian swamp forests Eastern Guinean forests Ethiopian montane forests Granitic Seychelles forests Guinean montane forests Knysna-Amatole montane forests KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic Madagascar lowland forests Madagascar subhumid forests Maputaland coastal forest mosaic Mascarene forests Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 1.9 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 4.1 3.0 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 5.4 1.1 2.6 1.1 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.1 7.3 42.7 7.5 12.6 5.4 9.1 14.1 3.1 3.6 5.6 7.4 5.5 2.9 3.8 2.8 3.0 5.1 2.7 2.4 4.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.7 1.7 3.6 3.0 6.3 4.4 5.9 2.9 2.2 4.9 5.8 5.5 6.6 3.7 4.3 3.6 2.7 4.7 5.1 5.0 3.2 3.0 5.0 1.8 10.0 1.4 1.3 4.1 2.4 5.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 3.2 2.7 1.3 2.8 1.4 1.1 4.6 1.4 2.6 1.0 3.6 1.0 1.3 1.8 4.4 1.1 1.7 1.7 4.1 1.9 1.9 1.1 7.3 2.7 1.2 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 3.6 6.5 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.6 7.0 1.7 1.0 2.1 1.0 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 4.2 4.4 22.7 7.1 16.3 16.0 3.8 4.0 14.2 7.1 8.2 6.8 5.6 3.8 35.5 7.0 15.9 3.1 28.7 32.0 7.8 14.4 36.6 6.5 50.7 10.7 11.2 18.8 10.1 13.6 55.8 10.4 6.6 5.5 12.7 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AT0122 AT0123 AT0124 AT0125 AT0126 AT0127 AT0128 AT0129 AT0130 IM0101 IM0102 IM0103 IM0104 IM0105 IM0106 IM0107 IM0108 IM0109 IM0110 IM0111 IM0112 IM0113 IM0114 IM0115 IM0116 IM0117 IM0118 IM0119 IM0120 IM0121 IM0122 IM0123 IM0124 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IM0125 IM0126 IM0127 IM0128 IM0129 IM0130 IM0131 IM0132 IM0133 IM0134 IM0135 IM0136 IM0137 IM0138 IM0139 IM0140 IM0141 IM0142 IM0143 IM0144 IM0145 IM0146 IM0147 IM0148 IM0149 IM0150 IM0151 IM0152 Niger Delta swamp forests Nigerian lowland forests Northeastern Congolian lowland forests Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic Northwestern Congolian lowland forests Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic Western Congolian swamp forests Western Guinean lowland forests Andaman Islands rain forests Borneo lowland rain forests Borneo montane rain forests Borneo peat swamp forests Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests Cardamom Mountains rain forests Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests Eastern Java-Bali rain forests Greater Negros-Panay rain forests Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests Kayah-Karen montane rain forests Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Luang Prabang montane rain forests Luzon montane rain forests Luzon rain forests Malabar Coast moist forests Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests Meghalaya subtropical forests Mentawai Islands rain forests Mindanao montane rain forests Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests Mindoro rain forests Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests Myanmar coastal rain forests Nicobar Islands rain forests North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests North Western Ghats montane rain forests Northern Annamites rain forests Northern Indochina subtropical forests Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests Northern Triangle subtropical forests Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests Orissa semi-evergreen forests Palawan rain forests Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests Peninsular Malaysian rain forests Red River freshwater swamp forests South China Sea Islands South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests South Western Ghats montane rain forests Southern Annamites montane rain forests 4.7 4.3 3.9 5.3 3.9 3.0 4.1 3.4 4.0 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.2 1.6 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.8 4.8 3.0 4.3 3.1 3.6 3.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 3.0 1.2 4.9 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.5 4.1 4.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.8 1.0 2.2 3.3 1.1 9.8 1.8 7.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 2.9 2.2 1.5 9.8 6.4 1.4 1.3 5.3 1.4 1.1 1.8 5.1 19.0 20.8 6.4 19.0 4.8 15.8 8.3 3.7 22.7 9.2 7.5 2.8 8.3 12.0 6.6 45.3 8.2 29.5 3.0 4.9 4.5 9.6 29.0 5.3 33.7 20.4 7.0 11.0 16.7 6.2 3.3 14.7 27.0 2.2 4.6 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.3 3.7 2.3 3.5 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.1 3.9 5.0 7.1 4.6 4.1 1.1 4.9 4.1 4.6 3.9 1.0 1.5 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.0 3.7 2.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 5.7 1.5 1.6 6.1 1.0 1.3 2.8 1.6 5.1 8.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.1 2.0 6.4 1.8 3.2 3.0 8.7 1.0 1.0 4.1 2.6 10.0 3.3 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 3.5 41.7 7.8 8.1 16.2 7.5 28.4 38.1 3.0 7.9 10.6 7.5 17.4 29.2 7.1 22.0 13.0 26.9 14.9 10.9 29.2 18.1 40.5 3.6 12.9 5.2 27.6 7.0 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IM0153 IM0154 IM0155 IM0156 IM0157 IM0158 IM0159 IM0160 IM0161 IM0162 IM0163 IM0164 IM0165 IM0166 IM0167 IM0168 IM0169 IM0170 IM0171 IM0172 NT0101 NT0102 NT0103 NT0104 NT0105 NT0106 NT0107 NT0108 NT0109 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NT0110 NT0111 NT0112 NT0113 NT0114 NT0115 NT0116 NT0117 NT0118 NT0119 NT0120 NT0121 NT0122 NT0123 NT0124 NT0125 NT0126 NT0127 NT0128 NT0129 NT0130 NT0131 NT0132 NT0133 NT0134 NT0135 NT0136 NT0137 NT0138 NT0139 NT0140 NT0141 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests Sri Lanka lowland rain forests Sri Lanka montane rain forests Sulu Archipelago rain forests Sumatran freshwater swamp forests Sumatran lowland rain forests Sumatran montane rain forests Sumatran peat swamp forests Sundaland heath forests Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Western Java montane rain forests Western Java rain forests Hainan Island monsoon rain forests Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests South Taiwan monsoon rain forests Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests Araucaria moist forests Atlantic Coast restingas Bahia coastal forests Bahia interior forests Bolivian Yungas Caatinga Enclaves moist forests Caqueta moist forests Catatumbo moist forests Cauca Valley montane forests Cayos Miskitos-San AndrΘs and Providencia moist forests Central American Atlantic moist forests Central American montane forests Chiapas montane forests Chimalapas montane forests Choc≤-DariΘn moist forests Cocos Island moist forests Cordillera La Costa montane forests Cordillera Oriental montane forests Costa Rican seasonal moist forests Cuban moist forests Eastern Cordillera real montane forests Eastern Panamanian montane forests Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests Guianan Highlands moist forests Guianan moist forests Gurupa varzeß Hispaniolan moist forests Iquitos varzeß Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests Isthmian-Pacific moist forests Jamaican moist forests Japurß-Solimoes-Negro moist forests Juruß-Purus moist forests Leeward Islands moist forests Madeira-Tapaj≤s moist forests Magdalena Valley montane forests Magdalena-Urabß moist forests Maraj≤ varzeß Maranhπo Babaτu forests Mato Grosso seasonal forests Monte Alegre varzeß 3.8 3.7 4.7 4.2 4.7 2.6 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.0 5.2 3.7 3.4 2.4 2.9 3.6 5.2 3.5 6.5 4.0 3.6 4.8 3.6 3.4 4.7 1.0 4.2 5.7 6.2 1.0 1.9 5.6 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.0 6.9 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 2.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.6 2.1 2.4 1.3 4.8 3.0 2.2 1.1 2.1 2.1 9.9 1.4 1.6 9.5 9.2 1.8 3.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 5.4 1.9 6.3 7.2 1.0 2.5 1.0 1.2 2.6 8.1 17.4 35.1 40.5 14.1 6.8 5.9 8.8 6.8 29.8 12.7 6.4 32.8 22.3 8.8 11.5 5.4 27.2 7.1 7.6 21.7 14.2 33.1 28.8 11.1 2.5 4.9 9.5 41.4 2.8 4.6 6.7 7.7 8.6 6.8 1.6 8.1 6.4 7.4 3.1 5.9 9.9 1.6 4.6 4.4 7.7 2.4 5.7 6.3 6.6 3.3 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.9 4.8 5.2 4.1 2.5 2.8 5.5 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 2.1 4.3 1.0 5.0 3.7 1.0 1.1 6.3 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.1 3.5 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 3.5 6.3 1.1 6.1 2.9 1.4 6.9 7.7 8.7 15.8 26.7 34.4 1.6 42.1 27.6 12.9 4.4 43.5 24.1 3.6 8.7 9.0 15.8 12.6 7.2 12.8 24.7 6.4 4.0 3.8 7.2 3.9 53.8 38.6 4.7 15.5 8.7 9.0 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 NT0142 NT0143 NT0144 NT0145 NT0146 NT0147 NT0148 NT0149 NT0150 NT0151 NT0152 NT0153 NT0154 NT0155 NT0156 NT0157 NT0158 NT0159 NT0160 NT0161 NT0162 NT0163 NT0164 NT0165 NT0166 NT0167 NT0168 NT0169 NT0170 NT0171 NT0172 NT0173 NT0174 NT0175 NT0176 NT0177 NT0178 NT0179 NT0180 NT0181 NT0182 OC0101 OC0102 OC0103 OC0104 OC0105 OC0106 OC0107 OC0108 OC0109 OC0110 OC0111 OC0112 OC0113 OC0114 OC0115 OC0116 OC0117 PA0101 PA0102 AA0201 AA0202 Napo moist forests Negro-Branco moist forests Northeastern Brazil restingas Northwestern Andean montane forests Oaxacan montane forests Orinoco Delta swamp forests Pantanos de Centla Guianan freshwater swamp forests Alto Paranß Atlantic forests Pernambuco coastal forests Pernambuco interior forests Peruvian Yungas PetΘn-Veracruz moist forests Puerto Rican moist forests Purus varzeß Purus-Madeira moist forests Rio Negro campinarana Santa Marta montane forests Serra do Mar coastal forests Sierra de los Tuxtlas Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests Solim⌡es-Japurß moist forests South Florida rocklands Southern Andean Yungas Southwest Amazon moist forests Talamancan montane forests Tapaj≤s-Xingu moist forests Pantepui Tocantins/Pindare moist forests Trinidad and Tobago moist forests Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests Ucayali moist forests Venezuelan Andes montane forests Veracruz moist forests Veracruz montane forests Western Ecuador moist forests Windward Islands moist forests Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests Yucatßn moist forests Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests Carolines tropical moist forests Central Polynesian tropical moist forests Cook Islands tropical moist forests Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests Fiji tropical moist forests Hawaii tropical moist forests Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests Marquesas tropical moist forests Ogasawara subtropical moist forests Palau tropical moist forests Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests Samoan tropical moist forests Society Islands tropical moist forests Tongan tropical moist forests Tuamotu tropical moist forests Tubuai tropical moist forests Western Polynesian tropical moist forests Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests Lesser Sundas deciduous forests New Caledonia dry forests 5.3 4.1 4.6 6.3 7.0 5.2 5.3 8.9 3.5 5.0 4.3 4.6 5.1 3.1 4.9 3.8 3.4 9.0 4.5 9.6 6.8 5.0 5.2 3.7 4.3 8.4 3.2 5.9 3.4 5.7 1.0 3.3 5.4 6.1 4.4 6.9 6.6 3.7 3.2 4.3 1.0 2.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.5 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 3.9 4.9 2.8 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.0 9.0 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 5.7 2.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.7 1.7 3.0 1.8 1.1 1.3 2.1 2.8 10.0 1.1 4.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.7 4.4 1.6 1.4 2.8 3.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.8 1.3 2.5 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.0 3.0 1.9 2.3 1.0 2.1 1.5 1.3 2.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.3 3.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 6.9 9.0 8.9 1.1 1.2 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 3.5 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 4.0 3.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 3.7 1.9 2.4 1.0 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.8 15.3 6.6 6.8 76.0 49.9 6.4 6.3 10.5 23.8 76.6 38.0 29.7 12.7 17.2 5.0 4.3 3.4 45.1 26.4 32.8 15.7 5.7 7.2 8.7 12.6 86.5 4.5 26.4 14.4 22.5 1.1 3.4 12.1 28.4 26.2 18.3 43.3 11.7 9.5 6.0 1.0 6.3 1.8 4.2 2.2 4.2 3.5 1.7 4.4 2.3 25.1 1.1 3.6 2.1 2.1 3.9 2.0 1.8 5.9 7.4 9.6 3.2 10 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AA0203 AA0204 AT0201 AT0202 AT0203 IM0201 IM0202 IM0203 IM0204 IM0205 IM0206 IM0207 IM0208 IM0209 IM0210 IM0211 IM0212 NA0201 NT0201 NT0202 NT0204 NT0205 NT0206 NT0207 NT0209 NT0211 NT0212 NT0213 NT0214 NT0215 NT0216 NT0217 NT0218 NT0219 NT0220 NT0221 NT0222 NT0223 NT0224 NT0225 NT0226 NT0227 NT0228 NT0229 NT0230 NT0232 NT0233 NT0235 OC0201 OC0202 OC0203 OC0204 IM0301 IM0302 IM0303 IM0304 NA0301 NA0302 NA0303 NT0301 NT0302 NT0303 Sumba deciduous forests Timor and Wetar deciduous forests Cape Verde Islands dry forests Madagascar dry deciduous forests Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Central Indochina dry forests Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests East Deccan dry-evergreen forests Irrawaddy dry forests Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests Northern dry deciduous forests South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest Apure-Villavicencio dry forests Atlantic dry forests Bajφo dry forests Balsas dry forests Bolivian montane dry forests Cauca Valley dry forests Central American dry forests Chiapas Depression dry forests Chiquitano dry forests Cuban dry forests Ecuadorian dry forests Hispaniolan dry forests Islas Revillagigedo dry forests Jalisco dry forests Jamaican dry forests Lara-Falc≤n dry forests Lesser Antillean dry forests Magdalena Valley dry forests Maracaibo dry forests Mara±≤n dry forests Panamanian dry forests Patφa Valley dry forests Puerto Rican dry forests Sierra de la Laguna dry forests Sinaloan dry forests Sin· Valley dry forests Southern Pacific dry forests Tumbes-Piura dry forests Veracruz dry forests Yucatßn dry forests Fiji tropical dry forests Hawaii tropical dry forests Marianas tropical dry forests Yap tropical dry forests Himalayan subtropical pine forests Luzon tropical pine forests Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests Sumatran tropical pine forests Bermuda subtropical conifer forests Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests Bahamian pine mosaic Belizian pine forests Central American pine-oak forests 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.5 3.9 2.5 3.6 2.6 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.1 4.6 2.8 3.8 3.9 2.9 4.6 4.2 4.3 3.5 2.4 3.9 2.6 1.6 4.7 3.3 4.2 2.8 4.4 4.3 3.0 5.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 4.0 5.4 5.0 3.4 4.9 3.6 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 3.8 2.6 3.5 3.4 4.9 1.7 4.8 2.7 5.1 4.9 1.4 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.6 3.1 3.4 1.1 1.6 1.0 4.0 1.9 2.1 5.5 9.3 3.0 2.1 2.8 5.7 1.3 2.4 1.3 2.2 1.5 6.6 4.2 1.8 1.2 6.6 3.0 5.2 1.4 2.0 4.1 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 7.2 1.3 2.4 9.4 6.5 1.5 1.0 2.1 3.9 3.1 1.8 7.2 2.2 1.1 1.3 8.4 5.4 2.1 1.2 7.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 2.9 10.3 14.5 5.4 11.2 3.9 10.8 8.0 5.5 16.7 36.0 7.5 5.2 7.7 15.3 4.6 9.5 7.8 4.7 8.0 21.4 15.8 11.4 5.5 30.5 13.7 29.9 4.7 4.8 15.8 3.8 3.0 11.3 3.7 6.3 3.0 31.6 6.9 12.5 48.7 22.3 5.7 4.1 12.8 33.6 28.6 9.8 44.9 11.4 1.1 2.0 23.1 17.9 8.1 4.8 24.8 3.5 5.1 2.2 8.4 4.0 5.2 22.7 11 12 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 NT0304 NT0305 NT0306 NT0307 NT0308 NT0309 NT0310 AA0401 AA0402 AA0403 AA0404 AA0405 AA0406 AA0407 AA0408 AA0409 AA0410 AA0411 AA0412 AA0413 AA0414 IM0401 IM0402 IM0403 NA0401 NA0402 NA0403 NA0404 NA0405 NA0406 NA0407 NA0408 NA0409 NA0410 NA0411 NA0412 NA0413 NA0414 NA0415 NA0416 NA0417 NT0401 NT0402 NT0403 NT0404 PA0401 PA0402 PA0403 PA0404 PA0405 PA0406 PA0407 PA0408 PA0409 PA0410 PA0411 PA0412 PA0413 PA0414 PA0415 PA0416 PA0417 Cuban pine forests Hispaniolan pine forests Miskito pine forests Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests Chatham Island temperate forests Eastern Australian temperate forests Fiordland temperate forests Nelson Coast temperate forests North Island temperate forests Northland temperate kauri forests Rakiura Island temperate forests Richmond temperate forests Southeast Australia temperate forests South Island temperate forests Tasmanian Central Highland forests Tasmanian temperate forests Tasmanian temperate rain forests Westland temperate forests Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests Northern Triangle temperate forests Western Himalayan broadleaf forests Allegheny Highlands forests Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests Central U.S. hardwood forests East Central Texas forests Eastern forest-boreal transition Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests Mississippi lowland forests New England-Acadian forests Northeastern coastal forests Ozark Mountain forests Southeastern mixed forests Southern Great Lakes forests Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition Western Great Lakes forests Willamette Valley forests Juan Fernßndez Islands temperate forests Magellanic subpolar forests San FΘlix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests Valdivian temperate forests Appenine deciduous montane forests Atlantic mixed forests Azores temperate mixed forests Balkan mixed forests Baltic mixed forests Cantabrian mixed forests Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests Caucasus mixed forests Celtic broadleaf forests Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands Central China loess plateau mixed forests Central European mixed forests Central Korean deciduous forests Changbai Mountains mixed forests Changjiang Plain evergreen forests Crimean Submediterranean forest complex Daba Mountains evergreen forests 3.1 2.6 3.3 3.4 7.0 4.5 4.5 1.0 3.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.1 1.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.4 3.9 4.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5 1.2 1.8 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.4 1.3 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.1 2.3 3.7 2.3 1.8 3.3 3.9 2.7 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.9 1.9 1.0 3.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.0 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 4.8 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.4 2.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.6 5.8 1.0 4.9 1.9 5.0 1.1 3.2 1.1 1.6 6.0 4.8 1.0 6.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 7.8 1.1 7.5 5.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 6.5 4.6 2.9 2.6 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.9 4.7 3.3 4.1 4.0 16.5 26.7 12.1 1.1 21.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.7 2.0 21.7 1.7 3.0 4.2 3.1 1.4 7.0 16.6 4.3 3.1 3.0 4.4 3.9 16.2 2.1 11.9 4.4 13.2 2.4 8.7 3.9 4.1 14.2 11.3 2.4 20.6 2.5 2.1 1.1 4.6 2.7 18.6 1.6 20.4 12.8 4.0 4.8 5.1 2.6 15.1 17.2 6.6 4.7 3.7 8.0 3.9 7.7 12 13 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 PA0418 PA0419 PA0420 PA0421 PA0422 PA0423 PA0424 PA0425 PA0426 PA0427 PA0428 PA0429 PA0430 PA0431 PA0432 PA0433 PA0434 PA0435 PA0436 PA0437 PA0438 PA0439 PA0440 PA0441 PA0442 PA0443 PA0444 PA0445 PA0446 IM0501 IM0502 NA0501 NA0502 NA0503 NA0504 NA0505 NA0506 NA0507 NA0508 NA0509 NA0510 NA0511 NA0512 NA0513 NA0514 NA0515 NA0516 NA0517 NA0518 NA0519 NA0520 NA0521 NA0522 NA0523 NA0524 NA0525 NA0526 NA0527 NA0528 NA0529 NA0530 PA0501 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests East European forest steppe Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests English Lowlands beech forests Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests Hokkaido deciduous forests Huang He Plain mixed forests Madeira evergreen forests Manchurian mixed forests Nihonkai evergreen forests Nihonkai montane deciduous forests North Atlantic moist mixed forests Northeast China Plain deciduous forests Pannonian mixed forests Po Basin mixed forests Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests Rodope montane mixed forests Sarmatic mixed forests Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests Southern Korea evergreen forests Taiheiyo evergreen forests Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests Western Siberian hemiboreal forests Western European broadleaf forests Zagros Mountains forest steppe Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Alberta Mountain forests Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests Arizona Mountains forests Atlantic coastal pine barrens Blue Mountains forests British Columbia mainland coastal forests Cascade Mountains leeward forests Central and Southern Cascades forests Central British Columbia Mountain forests Central Pacific coastal forests Colorado Rockies forests Eastern Cascades forests Florida sand pine scrub Fraser Plateau and Basin complex Great Basin montane forests Klamath-Siskiyou forests Middle Atlantic coastal forests North Central Rockies forests Northern California coastal forests Northern Pacific coastal forests Northern transitional alpine forests Okanagan dry forests Piney Woods forests Puget lowland forests Queen Charlotte Islands Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests Sierra Nevada forests South Central Rockies forests Southeastern conifer forests Wasatch and Uinta montane forests Alps conifer and mixed forests 2.8 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.5 3.5 1.3 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.1 3.3 2.4 2.8 2.7 4.6 3.1 2.1 4.6 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.1 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.2 5.2 2.8 6.3 3.6 4.3 1.4 8.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 6.1 3.3 2.8 1.0 1.2 3.0 1.6 9.4 1.1 3.4 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.4 3.1 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.0 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 2.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 14.4 6.3 12.7 8.3 11.7 3.4 29.7 2.2 2.9 4.9 3.2 2.2 24.1 8.0 7.9 3.3 6.4 9.3 3.4 47.1 2.6 6.9 5.0 3.0 4.2 2.3 3.1 7.2 3.6 3.6 5.3 2.3 3.0 2.7 6.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.1 2.2 2.9 2.3 2.5 3.4 2.1 2.5 2.7 5.2 2.3 3.9 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.1 6.8 2.0 1.6 3.4 2.3 6.4 2.5 3.3 13 14 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 PA0502 PA0503 PA0504 PA0505 PA0506 PA0507 PA0508 PA0509 PA0510 PA0511 PA0512 PA0513 PA0514 PA0515 PA0516 PA0517 PA0518 PA0519 PA0520 PA0521 NA0601 NA0602 NA0603 NA0604 NA0605 NA0606 NA0607 NA0608 NA0609 NA0610 NA0611 NA0612 NA0613 NA0614 NA0615 NA0616 NA0617 PA0601 PA0602 PA0603 PA0604 PA0605 PA0606 PA0607 PA0608 PA0609 PA0610 PA0611 AA0701 AA0702 AA0703 AA0704 AA0705 AA0706 AA0707 AA0708 AA0709 AT0701 AT0702 AT0703 AT0704 AT0705 Altai montane forest and forest steppe Caledon conifer forests Carpathian montane forests Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests East Afghan montane conifer forests Elburz Range forest steppe Helanshan montane conifer forests Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests Hokkaido montane conifer forests Honshu alpine conifer forests Khangai Mountains conifer forests Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests Qilian Mountains conifer forests Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests Sayan montane conifer forests Scandinavian coastal conifer forests Tian Shan montane conifer forests Alaska Peninsula montane taiga Central Canadian Shield forests Cook Inlet taiga Copper Plateau taiga Eastern Canadian forests Eastern Canadian Shield taiga Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga Mid-Continental Canadian forests Midwestern Canadian Shield forests Muskwa-Slave Lake forests Newfoundland Highland forests Northern Canadian Shield taiga Northern Cordillera forests Northwest Territories taiga South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens Southern Hudson Bay taiga Yukon Interior dry forests East Siberian taiga Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests Kamchatka-Kurile taiga Northeast Siberian taiga Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga Sakhalin Island taiga Scandinavian and Russian taiga Trans-Baikal conifer forests Ural montane forests and tundra West Siberian taiga Arnhem Land tropical savanna Brigalow tropical savanna Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna Carpentaria tropical savanna Einasleigh upland savanna Kimberly tropical savanna Mitchell grass downs Trans Fly savanna and grasslands Victoria Plains tropical savanna Angolan Miombo woodlands Angolan Mopane woodlands Ascension scrub and grasslands Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands East Sudanian savanna 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 5.3 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 3.8 4.3 5.3 2.5 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.9 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.5 3.0 2.6 3.8 3.7 1.0 4.5 3.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.3 2.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.1 7.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 3.1 2.1 3.7 2.9 8.8 2.6 2.9 6.9 2.7 2.9 2.3 5.2 3.1 15.6 4.5 4.4 7.0 2.6 4.9 4.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3 1.9 5.9 5.6 8.2 4.0 4.4 10.3 3.7 3.8 2.9 5.1 5.1 1.1 8.2 5.2 14 15 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 AT0706 AT0707 AT0708 AT0709 AT0710 AT0711 AT0712 AT0713 AT0714 AT0715 AT0716 AT0717 AT0718 AT0719 AT0720 AT0721 AT0722 AT0723 AT0724 AT0725 AT0726 IM0701 NA0701 NT0210 NT0702 NT0703 NT0704 NT0705 NT0707 NT0708 NT0709 NT0710 OC0701 OC0702 OC0703 AA0801 AA0802 AA0803 AT0801 AT0802 AT0803 NA0801 NA0802 NA0803 NA0804 NA0805 NA0806 NA0807 NA0808 NA0809 NA0810 NA0811 NA0812 NA0813 NA0814 NA0815 NT0801 NT0802 NT0803 NT0805 PA0801 PA0802 Eastern Miombo woodlands Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Itigi-Sumbu thicket Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands Mandara Plateau mosaic Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Sahelian Acacia savanna Serengeti volcanic grasslands Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Southern Africa bushveld Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Southern Miombo woodlands St. Helena scrub and woodlands Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic West Sudanian savanna Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Western Zambezian grasslands Zambezian and Mopane woodlands Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands Western Gulf coastal grasslands Dry Chaco Beni savanna Campos Rupestres montane savanna Cerrado Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands Guianan savanna Humid Chaco Llanos Uruguayan savanna Hawaii tropical high shrublands Hawaii tropical low shrublands Northwestern Hawaii scrub Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands Eastern Australia mulga shrublands Southeast Australia temperate savanna Al Hajar montane woodlands Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands California Central Valley grasslands Canadian Aspen forests and parklands Central and Southern mixed grasslands Central forest-grasslands transition Central tall grasslands Edwards Plateau savanna Flint Hills tall grasslands Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands Northern mixed grasslands Northern short grasslands Northern tall grasslands Palouse grasslands Texas blackland prairies Western short grasslands Espinal Low Monte Humid Pampas Patagonian steppe Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe Altai steppe and semi-desert 3.6 3.9 4.8 3.6 4.2 4.7 4.3 3.1 5.0 3.7 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 1.1 5.1 3.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.1 4.1 3.7 3.3 1.0 4.2 3.6 3.6 2.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.3 2.5 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 2.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.3 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.1 1.1 9.8 1.2 1.0 3.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.7 2.6 1.2 1.1 2.1 5.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 4.3 1.4 3.1 1.0 2.4 1.5 3.4 6.0 1.1 1.1 7.1 4.8 5.5 6.9 9.5 1.5 3.1 1.3 1.3 7.7 1.4 5.2 1.6 7.7 1.9 4.3 1.1 7.4 1.0 3.5 5.5 3.9 9.8 5.0 4.1 41.1 7.3 5.3 15.4 5.4 10.5 6.0 11.6 5.8 5.5 1.5 10.4 9.8 5.3 4.2 5.5 4.2 6.5 10.0 5.7 4.8 8.6 31.7 1.1 4.9 6.2 6.4 15.6 1.7 4.9 4.4 3.1 3.8 11.0 9.9 1.1 1.3 17.4 10.2 14.2 18.5 23.2 4.4 8.2 3.2 2.8 18.4 3.4 12.6 3.8 22.0 5.1 12.2 5.2 23.6 5.1 8.9 11.6 15 16 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PA0803 PA0804 PA0805 PA0806 PA0807 PA0808 PA0809 PA0810 PA0811 PA0812 PA0813 PA0814 PA0815 PA0816 PA0817 PA0818 AT0901 AT0902 AT0903 AT0904 AT0905 AT0906 AT0907 AT0908 IM0901 NT0902 NT0903 NT0904 NT0905 NT0906 NT0907 NT0908 NT0909 PA0901 PA0902 PA0903 PA0904 PA0905 PA0906 PA0907 PA0908 AA1001 AA1002 AA1003 AT1001 AT1002 AT1003 AT1004 AT1005 AT1006 AT1007 AT1008 AT1009 AT1010 AT1011 AT1012 AT1013 AT1014 AT1015 IM1001 NT1001 NT1002 Central Anatolian steppe Daurian forest steppe Eastern Anatolian montane steppe Emin Valley steppe Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Gissaro-Alai open woodlands Kazakh forest steppe Kazakh steppe Kazakh upland Middle East steppe Mongolian-Manchurian grassland Pontic steppe Sayan Intermontane steppe Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe South Siberian forest steppe Tian Shan foothill arid steppe East African halophytics Etosha Pan halophytics Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna Lake Chad flooded savanna Saharan flooded grasslands Zambezian coastal flooded savanna Zambezian flooded grasslands Zambezian halophytics Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh Cuban wetlands Enriquillo wetlands Everglades Guayaquil flooded grasslands Orinoco wetlands Pantanal Paranß flooded savanna Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna Amur meadow steppe Bohai Sea saline meadow Nenjiang River grassland Nile Delta flooded savanna Saharan halophytics Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows Yellow Sea saline meadow Australian Alps montane grasslands Central Range sub-alpine grasslands South Island montane grasslands Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests East African montane moorlands Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands Ethiopian montane moorlands Highveld grasslands Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic Madagascar ericoid thickets Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic Kinabalu montane alpine meadows Central Andean dry puna Central Andean puna 2.1 1.9 2.9 2.9 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.6 4.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 2.3 3.4 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.2 1.6 1.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.1 6.0 5.2 3.9 4.3 3.5 2.2 2.8 4.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 3.3 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.2 2.1 5.1 1.9 2.7 6.4 1.1 1.5 1.9 4.7 5.0 6.3 1.7 3.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.9 3.2 1.1 1.9 4.4 4.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 5.2 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.3 2.0 9.6 3.1 3.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.2 6.9 8.9 1.1 3.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.2 10.5 3.7 8.5 18.6 1.5 3.8 4.5 9.9 10.4 15.3 5.2 9.9 2.9 4.1 3.6 5.8 10.1 3.1 5.6 14.1 15.1 6.2 5.4 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 14.2 4.0 5.8 6.1 7.0 3.3 4.4 6.2 24.6 6.6 9.3 3.5 3.8 3.3 2.3 1.4 6.6 5.5 7.1 9.9 8.8 10.7 10.6 8.0 29.3 21.8 3.1 14.2 7.6 8.7 8.3 4.1 7.4 6.4 16 17 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 NT1003 NT1004 NT1005 NT1006 NT1007 NT1008 NT1010 PA1001 PA1002 PA1003 PA1004 PA1005 PA1006 PA1007 PA1008 PA1009 PA1010 PA1011 PA1012 PA1013 PA1014 PA1015 PA1016 PA1017 PA1018 PA1019 PA1020 PA1021 PA1022 AA1101 AN1101 AN1102 AN1103 AN1104 NA1101 NA1102 NA1103 NA1104 NA1105 NA1106 NA1107 NA1108 NA1109 NA1110 NA1111 NA1112 NA1113 NA1114 NA1115 NA1116 NA1117 NA1118 PA1101 PA1102 PA1103 PA1104 PA1105 PA1106 PA1107 PA1108 PA1109 PA1110 Central Andean wet puna Cordillera Central pßramo Cordillera de Merida pßramo Northern Andean pßramo Santa Marta pßramo Southern Andean steppe High Monte Altai alpine meadow and tundra Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow Hindu Kush alpine meadow Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe Khangai Mountains alpine meadow Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Ordos Plateau steppe Pamir alpine desert and tundra Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows Sulaiman Range alpine meadows Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra Marielandia Antarctic tundra Maudlandia Antarctic desert Scotia Sea Islands tundra Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra Aleutian Islands tundra Arctic coastal tundra Arctic foothills tundra Baffin coastal tundra Beringia lowland tundra Beringia upland tundra Brooks-British Range tundra Davis Highlands tundra High Arctic tundra Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra Low Arctic tundra Middle Arctic tundra Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra Torngat Mountain tundra Arctic desert Bering tundra Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra Chukchi Peninsula tundra Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra Kola Peninsula tundra Northeast Siberian coastal tundra Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.8 2.9 2.1 1.0 2.0 1.8 3.1 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 3.1 2.0 1.8 2.7 3.0 1.4 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.4 3.9 1.2 3.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 7.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 5.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 8.5 5.1 4.3 15.5 3.4 8.4 1.2 2.3 1.8 3.7 3.3 3.7 1.8 2.0 3.2 12.1 3.1 1.6 2.5 7.1 2.7 2.0 2.9 3.2 7.1 4.4 2.0 3.4 2.3 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.2 2.3 17 18 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 PA1111 PA1112 PA1113 PA1114 AA1201 AA1202 AA1203 AA1204 AA1205 AA1206 AA1207 AA1208 AA1209 AA1210 AT1201 AT1202 AT1203 NA1201 NA1202 NA1203 NT1201 12 12 12 12 12 12 PA1201 PA1202 PA1203 PA1204 PA1205 PA1206 12 12 12 12 12 PA1207 PA1208 PA1209 PA1210 PA1211 12 12 12 PA1212 PA1213 PA1214 12 12 12 12 12 12 PA1215 PA1216 PA1217 PA1218 PA1219 PA1220 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 PA1221 PA1222 AA1301 AA1302 AA1303 AA1304 AA1305 AA1306 AA1307 AA1308 AA1309 AA1310 AT1301 AT1302 AT1303 AT1304 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra Wrangel Island arctic desert Yamal-Gydan tundra Coolgardie woodlands Esperance mallee Eyre and York mallee Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands Mount Lofty woodlands Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee Naracoorte woodlands Southwest Australia savanna Southwest Australia woodlands Albany thickets Lowland fynbos and renosterveld Montane fynbos and renosterveld California coastal sage and chaparral California interior chaparral and woodlands California montane chaparral and woodlands Chilean matorral Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests Crete Mediterranean forests Cyprus Mediterranean forests Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests Iberian conifer forests Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Illyrian deciduous forests Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe Mediterranean woodlands and forests Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests Northwest Iberian montane forests Pindus Mountains mixed forests South Appenine mixed montane forests Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests Carnarvon xeric shrublands Central Ranges xeric scrub Gibson desert Great Sandy-Tanami desert Great Victoria desert Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands Pilbara shrublands Simpson desert Tirari-Sturt stony desert Western Australian Mulga shrublands Aldabra Island xeric scrub Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert East Saharan montane xeric woodlands Eritrean coastal desert 1.4 2.0 1.2 1.4 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 2.7 3.1 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 3.7 2.8 1.1 5.2 7.0 5.5 6.4 5.6 3.8 1.1 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.8 1.7 2.2 1.2 1.5 2.6 12.9 9.6 3.2 21.6 26.3 17.7 20.7 21.5 11.5 4.6 9.5 7.8 5.9 3.8 3.7 13.9 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 6.0 7.7 1.1 1.1 2.4 5.2 22.7 18.9 4.4 3.2 6.0 18.1 2.9 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 6.2 1.4 3.0 6.3 2.9 21.9 4.1 6.7 21.2 8.3 2.7 2.5 2.6 1.5 1.0 1.2 5.1 5.0 3.9 20.4 12.4 11.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.4 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.1 1.4 6.9 6.0 4.5 7.5 3.0 4.9 17.4 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.4 1.6 2.4 2.7 3.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 3.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 3.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 9.2 9.1 4.0 10.3 4.7 4.7 2.4 3.3 2.7 2.6 4.6 4.3 10.9 3.1 2.6 3.1 24.7 26.9 18 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 AT1305 AT1306 AT1307 AT1308 AT1309 AT1310 AT1311 AT1312 AT1313 AT1314 AT1315 AT1316 AT1318 AT1319 AT1320 AT1321 AT1322 IM1301 IM1302 IM1303 IM1304 NA1301 NA1302 NA1303 NA1304 NA1305 NA1306 NA1307 NA1308 NA1309 NA1310 NA1311 NA1312 NA1313 NT1301 NT1303 NT1304 NT1305 NT1306 NT1307 NT1308 NT1309 NT1311 NT1312 NT1313 NT1314 NT1315 NT1316 NT1318 PA1301 PA1302 PA1303 PA1304 PA1305 PA1306 PA1307 PA1308 PA1309 PA1310 PA1311 PA1312 PA1313 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert Hobyo grasslands and shrublands Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub Kalahari xeric savanna Kaokoveld desert Madagascar spiny thickets Madagascar succulent woodlands Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands Nama Karoo Namib desert Namibian savanna woodlands Socotra Island xeric shrublands Somali montane xeric woodlands Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands Succulent Karoo Deccan thorn scrub forests Indus Valley desert Northwestern thorn scrub forests Thar desert Baja California desert Central Mexican matorral Chihuahuan desert Colorado Plateau shrublands Great Basin shrub steppe Gulf of California xeric scrub Meseta Central matorral Mojave desert Snake-Columbia shrub steppe Sonoran desert Tamaulipan matorral Tamaulipan mezquital Wyoming Basin shrub steppe Araya and Paria xeric scrub Atacama desert Caatinga Caribbean shrublands Cuban cactus scrub Galßpagos Islands scrubland mosaic Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub La Costa xeric shrublands Malpelo Island xeric scrub Motagua Valley thornscrub Paraguana xeric scrub San Lucan xeric scrub Sechura desert Tehuacßn Valley matorral St. Peter and St. Paul rocks Afghan Mountains semi-desert Alashan Plateau semi-desert Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands Atlantic coastal desert Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert Baluchistan xeric woodlands Caspian lowland desert Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands Central Asian northern desert Central Asian riparian woodlands Central Asian southern desert Central Persian desert basins 3.3 2.4 2.3 1.0 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 3.2 3.0 2.4 3.3 1.7 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.9 2.9 2.2 3.1 1.9 1.6 2.3 3.7 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.4 3.3 1.9 3.5 2.2 4.0 1.6 2.6 2.1 2.8 1.8 4.1 3.7 1.1 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.2 3.1 1.0 1.3 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 2.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 3.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 2.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 2.6 7.9 4.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 4.9 5.9 6.5 6.4 1.8 6.6 8.3 3.9 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 2.7 2.4 1.1 1.9 6.6 5.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 3.6 1.7 1.4 2.1 3.0 1.9 4.3 7.2 1.8 2.9 1.7 10.0 18.9 15.1 1.1 3.8 5.1 6.7 3.7 7.0 5.7 3.3 5.4 25.1 18.7 13.7 13.9 8.7 22.7 18.3 15.5 2.7 2.3 5.1 6.0 3.0 2.6 4.8 2.6 3.1 3.3 5.1 5.7 10.0 2.5 7.7 11.2 19.7 2.2 3.0 5.2 13.3 5.3 1.6 5.4 4.5 2.9 19.2 3.9 1.1 1.7 4.4 8.3 2.9 3.8 5.0 6.8 4.9 8.3 19.0 4.9 6.1 2.9 19 20 13 PA1314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 13 PA1315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 13 PA1316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 13 PA1317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 13 PA1318 Kazakh semi-desert 13 PA1319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 13 PA1320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 13 PA1321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 13 PA1322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 13 PA1323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 13 PA1324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 13 PA1325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 13 PA1326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 13 PA1327 Sahara desert 13 PA1328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 13 PA1329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 13 PA1330 Taklimakan desert 13 PA1331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 13 PA1332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 13 PA1333 Red Sea coastal desert Sources: Olson et al. (2001) and own calculations Biome TempBMF 2.2 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 3.0 5.8 1.5 1.7 6.4 4.2 7.2 9.5 4.6 7.5 1.8 2.2 5.8 6.5 2.8 3.5 1.9 10.0 1.3 8.1 6.6 9.9 3.6 3.4 13.1 10.3 17.3 21.1 8.9 16.7 2.7 4.8 17.7 13.8 6.8 8.7 4.3 16.0 2.3 16.6 Biome TropMBF BiomeTropGL 120 Conv Org 100 Species richness S 80 60 40 20 Reference Permanent crops Reference Arable Reference Arable Pastures/ Meadows 0 Fig. S1 Box and whisker plot of species richness per land use type and biome TempBMF broadleaf and mixed forests, TropGL sub-/tropical grass-/shrublands and savannahs and TropMBF sub-/tropical moist broadleaf forests 20 21 Full bibliography for characterization factor calculation In January and February 2012 combinations of the keywords ["species richness" or "species number*" or biodiversity] and plant* and or ["organic farming" or "organic agriculture" or plantation or "annual crop" or field or arable] were used. 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