The Faculty of Media and Communication MA Corporate Communication PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION Version number: 1 May 2015 © 2015 Bournemouth University Document date: May 2015 Circulation: General Bournemouth University undertakes to encourage the recognition, protection and exploitation of intellectual property rights generated by participants in this programme, to the benefit, as appropriate, of students, staff, industrial/other third parties/partners and the university. Faculty of Media & Communication Bournemouth University Poole Dorset BH12 5BB MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 2 CONTENTS 1 BASIC FRAMEWORK / PROGRAMME DATA 4 2 AIMS OF THE DOCUMENT 6 3 PROGRESSION ROUTES 6 4 ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL CONTEXTS 6 5 AIMS OF THE FRAMEWORK / PROGRAMME(S) 7 6 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 8 7 LEARNING AND TEACHING STRATEGIES AND METHODS 10 8 ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND METHODS 11 9 PROGRAMME SKILLS MATRIX 12 10 PROGRAMME DIAGRAM 13 11 ADMISSIONS REGULATIONS 13 12 ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS 13 13 PROGRAMME PROFILE 14 MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 3 1 BASIC FRAMEWORK / PROGRAMME DATA Originating institution(s) Bournemouth University Award(s) and title(s) MA Corporate Communication PG Dip Corporate Communication PG Cert Corporate Communication UCAS Programme Code(s) (where applicable and if known) Not applicable HESA JACS (Joint Academic Coding System) Code(s) per programme/pathway Select all appropriate JACS Codes from list available at HESA - Higher Education Statistics Agency - Full JACS3 Listing N211 Strategic management N510 Market research N562 Corporate image N563 Sponsorship P200 Publicity studies P210 Public relations P304 Electronic media studies X210 Research skills External reference points(s) Chapter A1: UK and European reference points for academic standards (2013) incorporating: the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications Level 7 descriptor General Business and Management subject benchmark statement Communication, Media, Film and Cultural Studies subject benchmark statement (published 2008) Informed by Chartered Institute of Public Relations Diploma. Professional, Statutory and Regulatory Body (PSRB) links CIPR, PRCA Place(s) of delivery Bournemouth University Mode(s) of delivery Full-time / Part-time Credit structure 180 level 7 credits: 60 credits PG Cert; 120 credits PG Diploma; 180 credits MA MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 4 Duration 1 year full-time, 2 years part-time Date of original approval(s) MA Public Relations Practice 2005 MA Public Relations 2008 Date of first intake September 2015 Student numbers Expected minimum intake: 10 Expected maximum intake: 30 Optimum* student intake: 15 Placements (option) Not applicable Partner(s) and model(s) None Date and version number of this Framework/Programme Specification May 2015, Version 1 Version number of this document and unique reference number: Version 1 – E1415020 This Programme Specification was approved in May 2015 following validation by Academic Standards Committee. It takes effect from September 2015 and applies to all new enrolments. This programme replaces MA Public Relations. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 5 2 AIMS OF THE DOCUMENT The aims of this document are to: 2.1 2.2 2.3 Define the structure of MA Corporate Communication. Identify programme learning outcomes. Articulate the regulations governing the awards offered through this programme of study. 3 PROGRESSION ROUTES 3.1 No internal progression. 4 ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL CONTEXTS 4.1 MA Corporate Communication offers students the opportunity to study Corporate Communication and Public Relations at an advanced level. The programme is anticipated to draw students from Public Relations, Marketing and Communication or related undergraduate disciplines and/or those with 2+ years relevant professional experience. MA Corporate Communication will attract students both from relevant BU UG degree programmes and those offered by other UK, EU and non-EU institutions, as well as practitioners seeking to further develop their critical knowledge and skills in Corporate Communication and PR in order to advance in their chosen profession. MA Corporate Communication provides an opportunity to recruit interested students from existing CMC undergraduate programmes (BA Public Relations, BA Marketing Communication, BA Marketing) as well as other UG degree programmes offered by other departments and Faculties such as BA Business Studies and Marketing, BA Communication and Media, and BA Multimedia Journalism etc., providing an opportunity for such students to specialise in the management of communication. This programme is comparable with leading competitive offerings in the UK and abroad. MA Corporate Communication comprises an innovative curriculum that is balanced in terms of academic rigour and practical relevance and offers students the opportunity to specialise in a variety of areas of communication management, whilst developing insights into the latest techniques of Corporate Communication and PR research, planning and evaluation, and key skills in entrepreneurship, cross-cultural awareness and the management of creativity. Students are also equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to advance to doctoral study for those wishing to progress their studies through to PhD or Prof Doc level. The positioning of the programme as specialist provision with close engagement with industry, together with the profile of students targeted, means that the inclusion of a work placement within the curriculum is not appropriate. As outlined below, the ‘Professional Boot Camp’ unit will be offered instead. MA Corporate Communication will be recognised by the CIPR, PRCA and the IABC. 4.2 The development of this programme has drawn upon the following external points of reference: Chapter A1: UK and European reference points for academic standards (2013) incorporating: MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 6 the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications Level 7 descriptor (see Appendix 1) General Business and Management subject benchmark statement Communication, Media, Film and Cultural Studies subject benchmark statement (published 2008) It has also been informed by Chartered Institute of Public Relations Diploma. 4.3 Internal frames of reference include: The Bournemouth University Strategic Plan 2018 Vision and Values BU2018 Bournemouth University Key Performance Indicators The Media School (now known as Faculty of Media & Communication) Delivery Plan 2013-14 The BU common academic framework (CAS) requiring semesterised delivery; units offering a minimum credit of 20 credits; notional study time calculated at the rate of 200 hours per 20 credit. Market research carried out in the development stage 5 AIMS OF THE PROGRAMME 5.1 The programme is designed for graduates with good first degrees (or equivalent professional experience) in Public Relations, Marketing, Communication or another related subject. Postgraduate study will develop students’ analytical and critical thinking skills and subject understanding to a higher level. These skills will equip graduates for a successful career in the Public Relations industry, or for further study at doctoral level. 5.2 The programme offers a balanced curriculum in terms of academic rigour / practical relevance. Course content addresses aspects of: professional development, innovation, creativity and work-based learning, as well as globalisation, internationalisation and sustainability. 5.3 By the end of the course students will have developed strong oral communication skills and learned to present themselves and their ideas in a professional manner using a variety of communication techniques. 5.4 Employers of MA Corporate Communication graduates will be looking for students with the tools to think creatively, an awareness of calculated risk and the ability to challenge assumptions; both academically and in practice. This is reflected in the aims and intended learning outcomes of the programme. Graduates will be able to apply for jobs in Corporate Communication and PR which require knowledge of digital communications techniques, as well contribute to more traditional offline roles. It is expected that MA Corporate Communication will support entry into a range of executive and/or management positions within the PR and Communication industry, on both the agency side and on the client side of the business. Examples of potential roles include: Copywriter, Media Relations Manager, Internal Communications Officer, Campaign Manager. 5.5 Curriculum Design and Unit Inter-linkages MA Corporate Communication has been deliberately designed with no progression requirements enabling students to progress automatically from the PG. Dip stage (Semesters 1 and 2) to the Masters stage of the programme (Semester 3) without the MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 7 requirement of a progression examination board. Nevertheless, there is an implicit expectation that general academic and discipline-specific knowledge and skills fostered within those units offered in semester 1 will inform understanding and application of knowledge within those subjects covered during semester 2. Overall, the programme has been designed to attain an optimal balance between theory and practical application. Taught units in Semester 1 encourage an advanced understanding of contemporary theory and advanced skills development. For example, ‘Analysis and Decision Making in Communication Management’ aims to facilitate the development of intellectual and professional skills in the design, presentation and evaluation of a communications plan. ‘Research Imagination’ takes students’ previous research knowledge and experience to the next level and the course is built around three complementary strands: advanced social science research training; discipline specific research training; industry research commissioning and interpretation. The knowledge and skills gained from this unit will feed directly into Semester 2 core units - ‘Integrated Campaign Planning’ and ‘Digital Insights’. Both units will involve the development and application of communication research and will be concerned with developing in-depth understanding of a problem or issue of strategic importance to an organisation’s communication practice. The focus on strategic understanding and analysis is emphasised in the Strategic Corporate Communication unit, which considers Corporate Communication and PR as a strategic function within organisations, as well as the Crisis Communication and Reputation unit, which is concerned with the application of strategy to aid the management of issues and crisis planning. Contemporary theory is balanced with ‘best’ professional practice throughout the curriculum, therefore, fully equipping students with the knowledge and skills to undertake the ‘Final Project’ at the end of their studies, whether they opt for the ‘Academic Paper’ or the ‘Consultancy Project’. 6 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 6.1 Programme level Intended Learning Outcomes In line with other PG programmes within the Framework (i.e. MA Advertising), by the end of their programme all students enrolled on MA Corporate Communication are expected to be able to demonstrate the following knowledge and skills. Subject Knowledge and Understanding MA Corporate Communication will provide students with the following subject knowledge and understanding: A1 Review critically the body of knowledge, debates and intellectual paradigms related to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR and appreciate the limitations of current knowledge and practices. A2 Advanced critical appreciation of the role of Corporate Communication and PR in a range of organisational, socio-cultural, political and economic contexts. A3 Critically evaluate and provide justified recommendations for the development of Corporate Communication and PR strategy and programmes demonstrating a detailed understanding of Corporate Communication and PR practice and the characteristics of effective communication campaigns. A4 Develop comprehensive understanding of a range of research methodologies and techniques for generating original insights relevant to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 8 A5 Demonstrate the insight and skills necessary for developing strategic and tactical integrated Corporate Communication and PR campaigns that are viable within the given context. Intellectual Skills MA Corporate Communication will provide students with the following intellectual skills: B1 A conceptual understanding of issues related to Corporate Communication and PR to evaluate critically advanced scholarship within their discipline. B2 Identify and apply appropriate techniques for the comprehensive examination, evaluation and synthesis of data for the analysis of Corporate Communication and PR problems and issues. B3 Develop critical skills for dealing with emerging trends within the Corporate Communication and PR industry, with the ability to assess and manage new challenges and increasing competition. B4 Demonstrate an ability to draw upon and bring together ideas from different sources of knowledge and from different disciplines relevant to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR. Subject-specific / Practical Skills MA Corporate Communication will provide students with the following subject specific skills: C1 The ability to devise, implement and manage original Corporate Communication and PR programmes that help to achieve organisational objectives; C2 The ability to creatively and critically synthesise original ideas from both professional and academic sources of knowledge and be able to apply these within an Corporate Communication and PR context; C3 The ability to make valuable original contributions towards Corporate Communication and PR practice within complex or unpredictable environments; C4 Demonstrate confidence and competence in the selection of contemporary digital technologies and insights relevant to Corporate Communication and PR. Transferable Skills MA Corporate Communication will provide students with the following transferable skills: D1 The ability to work effectively, productively and accountably as a member of a team. D2 Critical reflection, originality and creativity in tackling and solving problems. D3 Be able to consider and apply global perspectives to their work. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 9 D4 Effectively communicate Corporate Communication and PR concepts, plans, proposals and issues to a diverse range of audiences; professionally present and rigorously defend ideas, and produce accurately referenced work to a given format, brief and deadline. D5 The independent learning ability required for continuing professional development. 7 LEARNING AND TEACHING STRATEGIES AND METHODS 7.1 There will be a range of learning and teaching methods and strategies employed across the programme, which reflect an emphasis on the acquisition and application of knowledge, as well as a strong focus on professional development. Students will be exposed to a range of pedagogic strategies, which provide opportunities to engage within blended learning experiences. Methods include lectures, seminars, workshops, live briefs, individual tutorials and independent study through computeraided materials. It is critical that students are supported through tutorial contact, both through the delivery of units, and through their master’s project. Students will be encouraged to learn from each other, and to informally link up with postgraduate students across the school. Details of the pedagogic approaches to be adopted within units are provided within the Unit Specifications. Knowledge and understanding of the subject will be developed through lectures, seminars and workshops and Master Classes, in which learning activities may include discussions, presentations, critiques of academic papers and case studies. Knowledge and understanding will be assessed within all units via a variety of methods such as essays, reports and a crisis response simulation exercise. Intellectual skills such as critical analysis, synthesis, evaluation and problem solving will be demonstrated through active learning processes involving campaign analysis and planning, in-class debates, group-based workshops and individual tutorials. Intellectual skills linked to specialist knowledge, understanding and practical skills will be assessed via independent course work such as analysis of Corporate Communication strategies, the design of Corporate Communication plans, academic essays and an individual final project. Practical skills will be developed through opportunities to practise relevant activities within seminar/workshops together with live briefs and the ‘Professional Boot Camp’. Assessment of competence in exercising practical skills will include presentations, responses to live briefs and professional pitches, preparation of a career plan and portfolio development. Transferable/key skills, will be developed through naturally arising opportunities within the curriculum. For example, cross-cultural perspectives, critical reflection and independent learning will be developed through a variety of formative and summative coursework such as strategic analysis and campaign development, essays, report writing and other forms of self-directed study; creativity in tackling problems and professional presentation skills through the design and development of communication campaigns and team working skills through a variety of collaborative projects. Skills will also be developed through the professional ‘boot camp’ and extracurricular activities such as Master Classes, Professional Development activity, as well as opportunities to participate in research and/or knowledge exchange projects coordinated by Creative Enterprise Bureau. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 10 7.2 Professional Boot Camp The Professional Boot Camp in semester 3 will provide students with a period of intensive work experience, which draws together the work completed during semester 1 and semester 2 of the Masters programme, and provides an opportunity for students to apply what they have learned within the real world of PR and Corporate Communication agencies/departments. The unit will typically commence with a taught element comprising preparation and master class opportunities. Students will then be embedded within agencies/departments for up to two weeks. Following that, they will have an opportunity to reflect on and present their views on their employability in the form of a career plan. By the end of the unit, students will be able to draw on real world experience, start to develop their professional careers, capitalise on networking opportunities and evaluate and plan their own career trajectories. It is anticipated that the time spent within an agency/department will typically take place during the first few weeks of the third semester i.e. immediately following the taught ‘preparation’ element. 8 ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND METHODS 8.1 MA Corporate Communication will be assessed through a variety of coursework designed to assess subject-specific knowledge and intellectual skills, as well as professional/practical skills relevant to the discipline. Whilst it is expected that students will progress through the programme following a specific pathway of units, this has deliberately not been designed as a ‘progression’ programme. All forms of assessment will focus on the acquisition and development of knowledge at an advanced level, whilst integrating relevant theory with the professional/practical skills necessary to become effective reflective practitioners. There will be no examinations. MA Corporate Communication will comprise a breadth of assessment strategies including live briefs, portfolios, essays, reports, campaign plans, and reflective pieces. There will be an appropriate balance of individual and group work. All students will be required to complete an individual final project (consultancy project or academic paper). Details of summative assessment by unit is provided within the Unit Specifications. The assessment of knowledge will be particularly sought through full-length essay assignments or reports, as well as seminar/workshop presentations and discussions. Intellectual skills will be assessed through a variety of coursework which will require students to demonstrate their ability to structure a comprehensive and reasoned argument and to critically analyse an issue related to professional practice. Individual essays, reflective accounts and planning exercises, for example, will provide an important means by which students can plan, develop, refine and present their ideas in a coherent and persuasive way, using appropriate sources to develop and sustain their arguments. Assessment of subject-specific/practical skills will typically be via coursework such as portfolio development, live briefs and/or scenario exercises, campaign plans and evaluation, oral presentations and reports. Finally, Transferable Skills will be assessed primarily through individual and group work such as campaign plans, oral presentations, pitches and reports, as well as individual reflective accounts (reflection on action). MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 11 9 PROGRAMME SKILLS MATRIX 9.1 Matrix table showing the relationship between ILOs for a programme and its constituent units Units L E V E L M Analysis and Decision Making in Communication Management(20) Strategic Corporate Communication (20) Research Imagination (20) Crisis Communication and Reputation (20) Digital Insights (20) Integrated Campaign Planning (20) Professional Boot Camp (20) Final Project (40) Programme Intended Learning Outcomes A A A A A B B B 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. 5. Review critically the body of knowledge, debates and intellectual paradigms related to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR and appreciate the limitations of current knowledge and practices. Advanced critical appreciation of the role of Corporate Communication and PR in a range of organisational, socio-cultural, political and economic contexts. Critically evaluate and provide justified recommendations for the development of Corporate Communication and PR strategy and programmes demonstrating a detailed understanding of Corporate Communication and PR practice and the characteristics of effective communication campaigns. Develop comprehensive understanding of a range of research methodologies and techniques for generating original insights relevant to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR. Demonstrate the insight and skills necessary for developing strategic and tactical integrated Corporate Communication and PR campaigns that are viable within a given context. B - Intellectual Skills 1. 2. 3. 4. A conceptual understanding of issues related to Corporate Communication and PR to evaluate critically advanced scholarship within their discipline. Identify and apply appropriate techniques for the comprehensive examination, evaluation and synthesis of data for the analysis of Corporate Communication and PR problems and issues. Develop critical skills for dealing with emerging trends within the Corporate Communication and PR industry, with the ability to assess and manage new challenges and increasing competition. Demonstrate an ability to draw upon and bring together ideas from different sources of knowledge and from different disciplines relevant to the study and practice of Corporate Communication and PR. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 D 4 * 1. 4. D 3 * C – Subject-specific/Practical Skills 3. D 2 * A - Subject Knowledge and Understanding 2. D 1 * * * * * * B 4 2. 3. 4. * * D 5 * * * * * The ability to devise, implement and manage original Corporate Communication and PR programmes that help to achieve organisational objectives; The ability to creatively and critically synthesise original ideas from both professional and academic sources of knowledge and be able to apply these within a Corporate Communication and PR context; The ability to make valuable original contributions towards Corporate Communication and PR practice within complex or unpredictable environments; Demonstrate confidence and competence in the selection of contemporary digital technologies and insights relevant to Corporate Communication and PR. D - Transferable Skills 1. The ability to work effectively, productively and accountably as a member of a team. 2. Critical reflection, originality and creativity in tackling and solving problems. 3. Be able to consider and apply global perspectives to their work. 4. Effectively communicate Corporate Communication and PR concepts, plans, proposals and issues to a diverse range of audiences; professionally present and rigorously defend ideas, and produce accurately referenced work to a given format, brief and deadline. 5. The independent learning ability required for continuing professional development. 12 10 PROGRAMME DIAGRAM MA CORPORATE COMMUNICATION – (no progression requirements) PROGRAMME DIAGRAM MA CORPORATE COMMUNICATION Stage 1/Level 7 Core units (Compulsory) MA Advertising Analysis and Decision Making in Communication Management (20) Research Imagination (20) Strategic Corporate Communication (20) Digital Insights (20) Crisis Communication and Reputation (20) Integrated Campaign Planning (20) Professional Boot camp (20) Final Project (40 credits) Exit qualification: MA Corporate Communication Requires 180 Level 7 credits Exit qualification: PG Dip Corporate Communication Requires 120 Level 7 credits Exit qualification: PG Cert Corporate Communication Requires 60 Level 7 credits Whilst MA Corporate Communication is not a progression programme, there is an implicit expectation that for those students enrolled on the part-time study route over 2 years, general academic and discipline-specific knowledge and skills fostered within those units offered in Year 1 will inform understanding and application of knowledge within those subjects covered in Year 2. 11 ADMISSIONS REGULATIONS 11.1 The regulations for this programme are the University’s Standard Postgraduate Admission Regulations with the following exceptions: Given the importance of excellent written and verbal communication skills in the practice and study of Corporate Communication, for applicants for whom English is not their first language, there is a requirement of IELTS (Academic) 6.5 MINIMUM (with 6.5 in writing) or direct equivalent. 12 ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS 12.1 The regulations for this framework are the University’s Standard Postgraduate Assessment Regulations. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 13 13 Originating Institution(s): Bournemouth University Place(s) of Delivery: Bournemouth University Language of delivery (if not English): Programme HESA JACS code: P210 Faculty: Media & Communication Partner: None Programme Award and Title: MA Corporate Communication (Level 7) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Unit name Analysis and Decision Making in Communication Management Strategic Corporate Communication Research Imagination Crisis Communication and Reputation Digital Insights Integrated Campaign Planning Professional Boot Camp Final Project Effective from Prog Year / Month / Year Yr. 1 Sep 2015 Yr. 2 Sep 2016 Yr. 3 Sep 2017 Yr.4 Oct Mode(s) of study: FT Expected Length of study : FT= 12 months PT = 24 months BU Credit Structure & ECTS : MA Level 7= 180 credits (90) PG Dip = 120 credits (60) PG Cert = 60 credits (30) Interim Award and Titles & required credits: PG Certificate Corporate Communication (Level 7) PG Diploma Corporate Communication (Level 7) Cost Centre(s) Unit identification Unit version no. PROGRAMME PROFILE HESA JACS Subject Code N211 CC 1 133 N562 N510 P210 P304 P210 P210 X210 Contact in School: Carrie Hodges chodges@bournemouth.ac.uk % Unit Details CC2 70 HESA JACS Subject Code P210 133 133 60 N211 133 133 50 70 145 133 145 133 100 80 100 60 % Assessment Regs: SR Prog year FT Prog year PT Core / option 30 1 1 Core 20 133 40 1 1 Core X210 N562 133 133 50 30 1 1 2 1 Core Core P200 133 20 1 N510 133 40 Date approved 11: May 2015 Name of Professional, Statutory or Regulatory Body (if appropriate): None N/A No of credits Level Assessment Element Weightings Exam 1 C/Work 1 C/Work 2 7 40% 60% 20 7 40% 60% 20 20 7 7 100% 50% 50% 1 Core 20 2 20 1 2 Core 20 1 2 Core 40 Programme Specification version no Version 1: May 2015. 7 7 7 7 Placement: None 40% 60% 100% 100% Diploma Supplement Statement regarding PRSB accreditation: N/A 2018 MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 14 60% 40% Appendix 1: QAA FHE Q Level 7 Descriptor QAA Descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 7: Master's degree The descriptor provided for this level of the framework is for any master's degree which should meet the descriptor in full. This qualification descriptor can also be used as a reference point for other level 7 qualifications, including postgraduate certificates and postgraduate diplomas. Master's degrees are awarded to students who have demonstrated: a systematic understanding of knowledge, and a critical awareness of current problems and/or new insights, much of which is at, or informed by, the forefront of their academic discipline, field of study or area of professional practice a comprehensive understanding of techniques applicable to their own research or advanced scholarship originality in the application of knowledge, together with a practical understanding of how established techniques of research and enquiry are used to create and interpret knowledge in the discipline conceptual understanding that enables the student: to evaluate critically current research and advanced scholarship in the discipline to evaluate methodologies and develop critiques of them and, where appropriate, to propose new hypotheses. Typically, holders of the qualification will be able to: deal with complex issues both systematically and creatively, make sound judgements in the absence of complete data, and communicate their conclusions clearly to specialist and nonspecialist audiences demonstrate self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems, and act autonomously in planning and implementing tasks at a professional or equivalent level continue to advance their knowledge and understanding, and to develop new skills to a high level. And holders will have: the qualities and transferable skills necessary for employment requiring: the exercise of initiative and personal responsibility decision-making in complex and unpredictable situations the independent learning ability required for continuing professional development. Much of the study undertaken for master's degrees will have been at, or informed by, the forefront of an academic or professional discipline. Students will have shown originality in the application of knowledge, and they will understand how the boundaries of knowledge are advanced through research. They will be able to deal with complex issues both systematically and creatively, and they will show originality in tackling and solving problems. They will have the qualities needed for employment in circumstances requiring sound judgement, personal responsibility and initiative in complex and unpredictable professional environments. Master's degrees are awarded after completion of taught courses, programmes of research or a mixture of both. Longer, research-based programmes may lead to the degree of MPhil. The learning outcomes of most master's degree courses are achieved on the basis of study equivalent to at least one full-time calendar year and are taken by graduates with a bachelor's degree with honours (or equivalent achievement). MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 15 Master's degrees are often distinguished from other qualifications at this level (for example, advanced short courses, which often form parts of continuing professional development programmes and lead to postgraduate certificates and/or postgraduate diplomas) by an increased intensity, complexity and density of study. Master's degrees - in comparison to postgraduate certificates and postgraduate diplomas - typically include planned intellectual progression that often includes a synoptic/research or scholarly activity. Some master's degrees, for example in science, engineering and mathematics, comprise an integrated programme of study spanning several levels where the outcomes are normally achieved through study equivalent to four full-time academic years. While the final outcomes of the qualifications themselves meet the expectations of the descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 7 in full, such qualifications are often termed 'integrated master's' as an acknowledgement of the additional period of study at lower levels (which typically meets the expectations of the descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 6). First degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science comprise an integrated programme of study and professional practice spanning several levels. While the final outcomes of the qualifications themselves typically meet the expectations of the descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 7, these qualifications may often retain, for historical reasons, titles of Bachelor of Medicine, and Bachelor of Surgery, Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine or Bachelor of Veterinary Science, and are abbreviated to MBChB or BM BS, BDS, BVetMed and BVSc respectively. MA Corporate Communication Programme Specification Version 1: May 2015 16