PHRM 8141 Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Ambulatory Care Course Syllabus Preceptor Include title & credentials Practice Site Address Office Telephone Other Telephone (optional) Email Hours Description of Ambulatory Care APPE This required advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) involves the student in the provision of clinical pharmacy services in the ambulatory care setting. Responsibilities include providing drug therapy for disease states commonly encountered in the outpatient setting; providing drug regimen reviews; and interviewing patients to elicit drug histories, health status, and adherence to therapy. A significant aspect of this rotation will pertain to the long-term management of chronically ill patients. The experience in ambulatory care is designed to provide student pharmacists with advanced training and experience in the outpatient management of patients with commonly encountered chronic diseases such as, but not limited to, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, thromboembolic disorders, pulmonary diseases, and endocrinology issues. The experience is designed to allow students to apply didactic knowledge to patient care and build general professional abilities developed in the preceding professional years. Also, the experience is designed to instill in the student an appreciation for how pharmacists may be involved in managing both the cost and quality of patient care in an ambulatory care setting. Course Meeting Times This course is scheduled to meet for one calendar month with a minimum of 160 hours spent on activities directly related to the objectives identified below. The preceptor has the authority to determine specific meeting time parameters within the aforementioned schedule. See the PCSP Bulletin (p.31) for the Experiential Policy for Attendance and Absence. Hours: State hours the student is to be on site, including situations where student may need to stay after hours. Specify lunch & departure times. Time at lunch does not count toward hours spent at site. Provide daily schedule indicating when different activities or breaks may take place. Include time to meet with the student to discuss the student’s performance and make recommendations for improvement. Attach a weekly calendar. Daily Schedule/Assignment Calendar: PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 1 Pre-Arrival Instructions & Logistics for Students: • Describe or outline specific department or site requirements. For example, “HIPPA • • training to be conducted by district office or PIC on Day 1 of rotations.” List information such as directions to facility, parking instructions, and other site requirements. Provide information (links or attached reading material) about any topics that the student should review prior to the start of the rotation. Ambulatory Care APPE Objectives/Goals During the experience, the student will: 1. Appreciate the role of a pharmacist in providing pharmaceutical care to the ambulatory patient population. 2. Ensure the safe and effective use of prescription and non-prescription medications to achieve positive patient outcomes. 3. Demonstrate appropriate and effective written, verbal, and non-verbal communication skills in all interactions with patients and other healthcare professionals. 4. Effectively interact and communicate with patients to gather pertinent information to determine appropriateness of medications and to create an individualized pharmaceutical care plan that includes monitoring of medications and disease states and appropriate follow-up. 5. Appropriately and accurately document all patient care-related activities in the manner specified by the healthcare setting and preceptor. 6. Use physical assessment skills to evaluate and monitor drug therapy. 7. Counsel patients and/or caregivers on appropriate prescription and non-prescription medication use, medical devices, and disease state-specific information. 8. Use drug information and literature review skills to provide patient-specific and general drug information. 9. Demonstrate an understanding of the present status and future potential of the pharmacist in an ambulatory healthcare setting. 10. Demonstrate professional behavior in all interactions with healthcare providers, patients, students and preceptors. 11. Conduct a patient interview. 12. Assess the patient's medication adherence. 13. Identify non-adherence and initiate strategies to correct the patient behavior. 14. Review the medication record to gather drug therapy information including pertinent patient factors, social history, medication history, disease states, concurrent therapies, and response to prior therapies. 15. Assimilate pertinent information to create individualized drug regimens based on the purpose of the medication(s), concurrent diseases and drug therapies, pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs, cost-effectiveness, and the patient's clinical condition. 16. Determine appropriate monitoring parameters and therapeutic endpoints and prospectively monitor drug therapy for the safe and efficacious use of the prescribed medications. 17. Interpret patient-specific laboratory data accurately. 18. Assess the acuteness and severity of reported symptoms, act on this assessment by reassuring the patient, initiating or adjusting medication when appropriate, and referring the patient to another health-care practitioner. 19. Manage a patient’s drug therapy by advising health care providers in the design of a rational pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment plan, using established therapeutic protocols, and/or initiating or adjusting drug therapy under the supervision of the preceptor or healthcare provider. 20. Provide cost-effective, affordable recommendations for medication regimens to healthcare providers and patients. PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 2 21. Operate and teach the use of medical devices to assist in the management and monitoring of chronic disease states. 22. Educate and counsel patients, the general public, and health care providers in the proper use of medications and drug delivery systems. 23. Identify ethical dilemmas and develop an appropriate plan to manage the dilemma. 24. Use a professional manner to effectively counsel patients, caregivers or both on medication use incorporating verbal and written information. 25. Relate and demonstrate the value of pharmacy care to patients and other health-care providers. 26. Participate in disease state management programs. 27. Develop an appreciation for the ambulatory care pharmacy services, including physical accommodations required for optimal patient care, appropriate use of pharmacy and medical reference sources, role of computers for administrative and patient care activities, professional and supportive personnel required to deliver optimal patient care, interrelationships between pharmacists and other health care services and providers, and the necessity for efficiency in patient care operations. Ambulatory Care APPE Competencies: Experiential activities are matched to the PC 12 Competencies, which are based on the ACPE competencies. Using the aforementioned objectives as a guide, consider student activities applicable to your practice setting; then to standardize student achievement for your experience, use specific metrics when assessing competence. PC 12 COMPETENCIES: 1. Communication 2. Evidence-based Decisions in the Practice of Pharmacy 3. Problem Prevention and Solving 4. Dispensing of Pharmaceuticals 5. Providing Pharmaceutical Care to Individual Patients 6. Providing Pharmaceutical Care to Patient Populations 7. Inter-professional Interaction and Teamwork 8. Ethical and Legal Judgment 9. Personal and Professional Growth 10. Management Skills 11. Advancement of Pharmacy and Health Care 12. Promotion of Health and Public Welfare Examples: 1. Patient Communication Conduct medication histories [min of 10] Provide counseling for medication(s) and/or medical device(s) [min of 5] 2. Patient Case presentations Present informal individualized patient care plans to preceptor [min of 10] Present a formal individualized, evidence-based, patient care plan to preceptor [min of 1] 3. Patient care documentation Document pharmacist-patient encounters using the SOAP format [min of 10] 4. Patient care activities Perform various physical assessment skills on patients [min of 10] 5. Educational presentation Prepare and present a medication or disease state-related topic to the preceptor and an audience of other healthcare professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physician assistants, other healthcare staff) [min of 1] PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 3 6. Drug information and literature review Prepare a written summary of clinical trial(s) evaluating medical therapy that applies to a patient case [min of 1] Address drug information requests from healthcare providers and/or patients [min of 2] Assessment Methods The student pharmacists on an Ambulatory Care APPE will be assessed for achieving the APPE objectives and competencies subjectively and objectively by the preceptor. Preceptors are to evaluate the student based on objective materials and subjective assessment and are required to complete a formative midpoint evaluation and a summative final evaluation using E-Value. (OPTIONAL) Objective evaluations may include, but are not limited to: 1. Communication Evaluation Form 2. Presentation Evaluation Form 3. Drug Information Request Form The optional objective evaluation forms identified above are available to preceptors who choose to utilize them. The subjective assessment shall include the competencies as determined by the Office of Experiential Education at Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy. Students will receive a letter grade as determined in the final evaluation. To satisfactorily complete the Ambulatory Care APPE, students must receive a grade of C or higher, complete the competency checklist, and upload the requested materials in their online portfolio (MyFolio). Grading Scale: 93 - 100% 90- 92% 87 - 89% 83 - 86% 80 - 82% 77- 79% 70- 76% 60- 69% <60% F A AB+ B BC+ C D (Grading scale approved by PCSP faculty) Types of Patients The student on an Ambulatory Care APPE should expect to encounter patients with disease states that include, but are not limited to: Diabetes mellitus Other endocrine disorders Hypertension Dyslipidemia Venous thromboembolism Cardiovascular diseases Pulmonary diseases Musculoskeletal disorders Renal diseases Cardiac rhythm disorders Gastrointestinal disorders Psychiatric disorders PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 4 Neurologic disorders Pain management Level of Student Responsibility The student on an Ambulatory Care APPE is expected to have face-to-face interaction with patients under the supervision of a pharmacist preceptor or a healthcare provider. The student is expected to interact in a professional manner with other healthcare professionals and patients. Type of Setting for the APPE An Ambulatory Care APPE should occur in a healthcare setting, a hospital-based clinic, outpatient physician clinic, free medical clinic, or a setting in which patients are evaluated by other healthcare professionals on an outpatient basis. Student Professionalism & Code of Conduct A student pharmacist on an Ambulatory Care APPE is expected to follow the rules, policies, and procedures pertaining to the Honor Code and professional standard at Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy. Any violation of the Honor Code (e.g., cheating, plagiarism, falsification, withholding information, tampering with records, etc.) or the professional standards (e.g., unprofessional behavior, including tardiness, absences, behavior, appearance, etc.) will be reported immediately upon discovery and will be dealt with per Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy policy and procedure. Special Accommodations Any student pharmacist on an Ambulatory Care APPE who has a disability that may prevent him/her from fully demonstrating his/her abilities should inform the preceptor personally as soon as possible to discuss accommodations necessary to ensure full participation and facilitate his/her educational opportunities. Student Responsibilities During the Experience Please detail specific competency-based student activities as needed. Apply, edit, delete, and/or replace those examples listed below as you deem appropriate. 1. Ambulatory Care Discussions a. There will be a series of ambulatory care discussions in order to review pertinent literature impacting patient care and discuss patient case(s). These discussions will be organized and conducted by faculty members. b. The ambulatory care discussions include: i. Anticoagulation issues ii. Evidence-based medicine iii. Heart Failure iv. Respiratory disorders 2. Formal Patient Case (with drug literature review) a. Student pharmacists need to learn how to appropriately evaluate and apply clinical guidelines and evidence-based medicine in devising treatment plans for patient care. In addition, student pharmacists need to understand how to tailor and design a treatment plan for an individual patient based on the patient’s medical/surgical, family and social history; drug allergies; subjectively obtained information; objectively obtained information, including physical assessment findings, laboratory tests and other medical procedures; and incorporate the long-term goals for the patient based on his/her disease states. PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 5 b. The student pharmacist will document and formally present at least one (1) patient case with a review of a clinical trial to the preceptor over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. The preceptor will approve the patient and journal article for the student pharmacist to present to assure the patient difficulty and journal article is appropriate for the student. c. The student pharmacist will prepare a handout of the patient case that includes the following components: history of present illness, past medical and surgical history, social and family history, drug allergies, physical assessment findings, laboratory tests and other medical procedures, a problem list, goals of therapy for each disease state, a detailed assessment of medical problems incorporating evidence-based medication and nationally recognized clinical guidelines, and an appropriate plan of care including monitoring and follow-up. d. The student pharmacist will critically review and describe at least one (1) clinical trial evaluating a medical therapy that applies to the patient case. The clinical trial should be a clinical evaluation of medical therapy and not a review article of a treatment or disease state. The clinical trial review will be included in the handout and presentation and applied to the patient case. The student pharmacist will use proper referencing and list all textbooks or electronic databases used. e. The preceptor and audience will evaluate the student using the Presentation Evaluation Form. The preceptor will discuss the results of the assessment with the student and discuss his/her performance with constructive comments to improve his/her skills. 3. Clinic Participation a. Patient communication is a key skill in conducting patient care in an outpatient environment. Student pharmacists on an ambulatory care experience should have multiple interactions with patients on various levels to further enhance their communication skills. A preceptor should formally review various interactions to assure the student pharmacist demonstrates appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication skills, uses lay-language, communicates pertinent and accurate information, and meets the needs of the patient by verifying understanding and providing any additional information. i. Medication Histories: The student pharmacist will perform and document at least ten (10) medication histories in patients prescribed at least five (5) prescription agents over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. The student pharmacist will appropriately document the patient encounter, in a manner suitable for the healthcare environment. The preceptor will observe and evaluate the student using the Communication Evaluation Form and discuss with the student pharmacist his/her performance with constructive comments to improve his/her skills. The preceptor will evaluate at least two (2) medication histories, with one evaluation occurring prior to mid-point and one after midpoint to determine growth in the skill. Encounters should be evenly dispersed throughout the experience. ii. Medication or Product Counseling Sessions: The student pharmacist will complete and document at least five (5) medication or product counseling sessions over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. The preceptor will work with the student pharmacist to determine appropriate medications and/or products to counsel. Example of potential medication or products includes glucometers and lancing devices, inhalers, peak flow meters, spacers, and medications with devices (e.g., insulin, Forteo, Byetta). The preceptor will observe and evaluate the student using the Communication Evaluation Form and discuss with the student pharmacist his/her performance with constructive comments to improve his/her skills. The preceptor will evaluate at least two (2) medication/product counseling sessions, with one evaluation occurring prior to mid-point and one after mid-point to determine growth in the skill. b. Patient care activities are a central component of an ambulatory care experience. Student pharmacists need to learn how to appropriately and professionally interact with patients in an PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 6 outpatient setting to obtain the necessary information to make informed medication-related decisions and therapeutic plans. All student-patient interactions should be reviewed and evaluated by the preceptor to assure appropriate information was attained and assessed. The preceptor will evaluate the student pharmacist by directly observing a select number or all of the student-patient interactions or through an informal presentation of the patient and medical issues by the student pharmacist and to the preceptor before a plan of care is implemented. i. Informal Patient Case Presentations: The student pharmacist will informally present at least five (5) patient cases to the preceptor over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. Ideally, all student-patient interactions should be informally presented to the preceptor. Student pharmacists will review patient information prior to seeing a patient and ask appropriate questions of the patient to assess chronic diseases and current drug therapy for effectiveness and safety. Student pharmacists should be able to succinctly present an overview of a patient encounter with their individualized plan for care to the preceptor. The individualized plan of care for a patient should include recommendations for and implementation of comprehensive and logical drug therapy plans, preventative pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, and appropriate monitoring parameters and intervals for optimizing drug efficacy and safety. Student pharmacists will be able to justify recommendations with supporting evidence from appropriate sources. ii. Pharmacist-Patient Encounter documentation (SOAP notes): The student pharmacist will document at least ten (10) student pharmacist-patient encounters utilizing the SOAP format over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. Student pharmacists will use subjective and objective data to identify disease and drug-related problems and to develop a complete and prioritized problem list, including untreated problems. Student pharmacists will be able to integrate subjective and objective material to formulate a patient-specific evidence-based therapeutic plan. All encounter documentation (e.g. SOAP notes) will be reviewed and evaluated by the preceptor with constructive comments to improve their skills. Student pharmacists should be recommending and implementing comprehensive and logical drug therapy plans, preventative pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, and appropriate monitoring parameters and intervals for optimizing drug efficacy and safety. Student pharmacists will be able to justify recommendations with supporting evidence from appropriate sources. Encounters should be evenly dispersed throughout the experience. iii. Physical Assessment Activities: The student pharmacist will perform and appropriately document at least ten (10) physical assessment activities over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience. Documentation will be in a manner suitable for the patient care interaction and healthcare environment. Examples of patient assessment activities may include taking a blood pressure, measuring a pulse, edema assessment, or a lung exam. The preceptor will observe and evaluate the student measuring a blood pressure and pulse using the Blood Pressure Evaluation Form and discuss with the student pharmacist his/her performance with constructive comments to improve his/her skills. The preceptor will evaluate the student’s technique at least twice during the experience, with one assessment prior to mid-point and one after mid-point to determine growth in the skill. 4. Drug Information Questions a. Student pharmacists need to learn how to respond to drug information requests and to tailor the response depending on the requestor (e.g., patient, pharmacist or healthcare provider). Student pharmacists also need to understand that not all drug information requests can be found using tertiary sources, such as drug information texts and databases, and require reviewing and evaluating primary scientific literature. b. The student pharmacist will document at least two (2) drug information requests that requires reviewing and evaluating the primary scientific literature over the course of the PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 7 c. Ambulatory Care experience. At least one (1) request will originate from a healthcare provider (e.g., physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant). The drug information request and response will be documented on the Drug Information Request Form. The responses will be reviewed by and discussed with the preceptor. The form should be filled out completely and include proper referencing. i. The student pharmacist will record all pertinent information from the staff member on the DI question form and proceed with researching the appropriate information for answering the DI question. ii. All references will be recorded on the provided DI question form. Any printed sheets of reference material will be attached to the DI question form. iii. The student pharmacist will review the planned response with the preceptor prior to reporting backing to the requesting staff member. 5. Pharmacy Presentation a. The student pharmacist will present at least one in-service presentation on a medication- or disease state-related topic, approved by the preceptor, over the course of the Ambulatory Care experience and to an audience chosen by the preceptor. b. The preceptor determines the presentation date/time. c. The presentation will be a minimum of 10 minutes in length and should not exceed 30 minutes. The student pharmacist will prepare a handout that is at least 2-pages in length and that includes all sources used with appropriate referencing. A presentation using PowerPoint slides may be required depending on the preceptor and capabilities of the site. d. Example audiences include the preceptor and peer students, healthcare providers, nursing staff, other healthcare staff. e. The presentation will be reviewed and evaluated using the Presentation Evaluation Form. The preceptor will review the presentation with the student pharmacist and provide constructive comments in order for the student to improve upon their skills. PHRM 8141, Ambulatory Care APPE Syllabus (Revised 03-25-13) Page 8