‫סמסטר ב' תשע"ד‬
‫יום ב'‪41 - 41 ,‬‬
‫קורס מס' ‪41144401‬‬
‫אוניברסיטת תל‪-‬אביב‬
‫הפקולטה למדעי החברה‬
‫החוג לסוציולוגיה ולאנתרופולוגיה‬
‫תיאוריה באנתרופולוגיה‬
‫מרצה‪ :‬ד"ר חאלד פוראני‬
‫‪khaled@post.tau.ac.il‬‬
‫שעת קבלה‪ :‬יום ב' ‪ 16:00-17:00‬בתיאום מראש‬
‫תיאור הקורס‬
‫קורס זה הינו קורס מבואי בתיאוריה אנתרופולוגית לסטודנטים בעלי רקע בסיסי בדיסציפלינה‪.‬‬
‫הקורס יסקור את התפתחות האנתרופולוגיה מפרספקטיבה היסטורית‪ ,‬ויאתר את השאלות‪,‬‬
‫הוויכוחים והמושגים העיקריים שנבעו מהמחקר האתנוגרפי ושהשפיעו עליו‪ .‬הקורס יציג את‬
‫התיאוריות האנתרופולוגית השונות כתשובות לשאלות שעמן הדיסציפלינה האנתרופולוגית התמודדה‬
‫וממשיכה להתמודד‪ ,‬בהיותה פרויקט העוסק בהבנת מצבי השונות האנושית‪.‬‬
‫הסטודנטים יקראו טקסטים שנכתבו על‪-‬ידי דמויות מובילות בדיסציפלינה‪ ,‬הממחישים כיצד‬
‫פועלת התיאוריה בניתוח האנתרופולוגי‪ .‬במושגים ובגישות תיאורטיות כשלעצמם נדון באופן מעמיק‬
‫יותר בהרצאות‪ .‬הצעות לקריאה נוספת זמינות לסטודנטים המבקשים להשיג ידע מעמיק מיד‪-‬‬
‫ראשונה על‪-‬אודות התיאוריות והתיאורטיקנים‪ .‬הסטודנטים אמורים לסיים את הקורס כשברשותם‬
‫תפישה רחבה של הדיסציפלינה ושל הקונסטרוקטים המאפיינים אותה; ותובנות ביחס‬
‫לקונטינגנטיות ההיסטורית שלה וביחס ליציבות השאלות שהיא שואלת והתשובות שהיא עונה‪.‬‬
‫מטרות הקורס‬
‫‪ .1‬לסקור באופן היסטורי את הוויכוחים ואת הגישות התיאוריות המרכזיות באנתרופולוגיה‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬להשיג בקיאות במושגים ובבעיות בסיסיות באנתרופולוגיה‪ ,‬ובאופנים שבהם תיאוריות שונות‬
‫מגיבות לבעיות אלה‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬למקם את התיאוריות בעולמות שאותם הן מיישבות ושמתוכם הן פועלות‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ להשיג את הכישורים הדרושים לצורך קריאת טקסטים בדיסציפלינה ולצורך עיסוק במושגים‬.4
.‫התיאורטיים שלה‬
‫דרישות הקורס ומרכיבי הציון‬
.)‫ קריאה שבועית (כפי שמצוין לעיל‬.1
.)‫ מהציון הסופי‬01%( ‫ בחינה סופית‬.2
.)‫ מהציון הסופי‬01% ;4141 ‫ באפריל‬0-‫ מטלת אמצע סמסטר (להגשה עד ה‬.3
‫פריטי הקריאה ומהלך הקורס‬
Week 1 (February 17): Course Introduction
Week 2 (February 24): Before Theory
Required reading
Montaigne, de Michel ([1580] 1956). “That the taste of good and evil depends on large
part on the opinion we have of them;” “Of custom, and not easily changing an accepted
law;” and “Of cannibals.” In The Complete Essays of Montaigne. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, pp. 33-46; 77-89; and 150-158.
For further reading
Montesquieu (2008 [1721]). Persian Letters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2
Week 3 (March 3): Why Anthropological Theory?
Required reading
Levi-Strauss, Claude (1966). “The Scope of Anthropology.” Current Anthropology, 7 (2):
112-123.
Hoffman, Roald (2003). “Why buy that theory?” American Scientist. 91 (1), 9 pages.
<URL: http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/why-buy-that-theory>
Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (2004). “Theories,” In What is Anthropology? London: Pluto
Press, pp. 61-81.
Collingwood, R. G. (1939). “Questions and Answer.” In An Autobiography. London:
Oxford University Press, pp. 29-44.
For further reading
Carrithers, Michael (1990). “Is Anthropology Art or Science?” plus Andrew Barry, Ivan
Brady, Clifford Geertz, Roger M. Keesing, Paul A. Roth, Robert A. Rubinstein and Elvi
Whittaker. [Comments and Reply]. Current Anthropology, 31 (3): 263-282.
Lavenda, Robert H. and Shultz, Emily A. (2000). “Theory in Cultural Anthropology,” In
Core Concepts in Cultural Anthropology, pp. 185-203.
Week 4 (March 10): Humanity: The Primitives and the Civilized
Required reading
3
Radin, Paul (1927). ”Introduction;” “Skepticism and Critique;” and “Conclusion.” In
Primitive Man as Philosopher. Mineola: New York: Dover Publications, pp. 1-18; 375384; and 385-388.
Franz, Boas ([1920] 2012). “The Method of Ethnology” in Anthropological Theories: An
Introductory History. McGee, J. and Warms R. (eds.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Pp. 117-124.
For further reading
Boas, Franz (1962 [1928]). “Introduction;” and “What is Anthropology.” In
Anthropology and Modern Life. New York: Norton Books, pp. 4-17.
Kuper, Adam (1988). “The Boasians and the Critique of Evolutionism.” In The Invention
of Primitive Society. New York: Routledge, pp. 125-152.
Bartholomew, Dean (2002). "Critical Re-vision: Clastres' Chronicle and the optic of
primitivism," And Abbink, John (2002). “Comment.” In Best of Anthropology Today,
1974-2000. Ed. J. Benthall, with a preface by M. Sahlins. London: Routledge, pp. 66-71
and 72-73.
Kroeber, Alfred (2012 [1915]). “Eighteen Professions.” In Anthropological Theory: An
Introductory History (5th edition). Eds. McGee, J. & Warms. R. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill, pp. 125-130.
Benedict, Ruth ([1934] 1988). “The Integration of Culture.” In High Points in
Anthropology, (2nd Ed.). Eds. P. Bohannan and M. Glazer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Pp. 175-181.
Margret, Mead (2012 [1928]). “Introduction to coming Age of Samoa.” In
Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History (5th edition). Eds. McGee, J. & Warms.
R. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, pp. 211-219.
4
Week 5 (March 17): Critique of Culture
Required reading
Williams, Raymond (1977). “Culture.” In Marxism and Literature. New York: Oxford
University Press, pp. 11-20.
Harris, Marvin (1979). “The Epistemology of Cultural Materialism.” In Cultural
Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture. New York: Random House, pp. 2945.
For further reading
Boas, Franz (1988). “The Limitations of the Comparative Method of Anthropology,”
[1896] and “The Methods of Ethnology” [1920]. In High Points in Anthropology (2nd
Ed.). Eds. P. Bohannan and M. Glazer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Pp. 81-100.
Perry, Richard (2003). “The Idea of Culture.” In Five Concepts in Anthropological
Thinking. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 55-94.
Stocking, George (1992). “Anthropology as a Kulturkampf: Science and Politics in the
Career of Franz Boas.” In The Ethnographer’s Magic and Other Essays in the History of
Anthropology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 92-113.
Stocking, George (1968). “Franz Boas and the Culture Concept in Historical
Perspective.” In Race, Culture and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology.
New York: The Free Press, pp. 195-233.
Williams, Raymond (1983). “Anthropology” and “Culture”. In Keywords: A vocabulary
of Society and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 38-40; 87-93.
5
Trioullot, Michel-Rolph (1991). “Anthropology and the Savage Slot: The Poetics and
Politics of Otherness.” In Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. Santa Fe,
NM: School of American Research Press. Pp 17-44.
Week 6 (March 24): Structural Rules
Required reading
Douglas, Mary (1972). “Deciphering a Meal.” Daedalus (issue on Myth, Symbol and
Culture), pp. 61-82.
Evans-Pritchard. E. E. (1937). “The Notion of Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events.”
In Witchcraft, Magic and Oracle among the Azande. London: Oxford University Press,
pp. 18-32.
For further reading
Leach, Edmund (1958). “Magical hair.” In Journal of the Royal Anthropological
Institute. Vol. 88 (2): 147-64. Also in The Essential Edmund Leach Volume 2: Culture
and Human Nature. Eds. S. Hugh-Jones & J. Laidlaw. New Haven: Yale University
Press, pp. 177-201.
Lévi- Strauss, Claude (1967). “The Story of Asdiwal.” In Structural Anthropology,
Volume 2. Trans. M. Layton. New York: Basic Books, pp. 146-197.
Leach, Edmund (1966): “Two Essays concerning the Symbolic Representations of
Time.” In Rethinking Anthropology. New York: Humanities Press, pp. 124-136.
Leach, Edmund (1973). “Structuralism in social anthropology”. In Structuralism: An
introduction. Ed. D. Robey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 37-56.
6
Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred (1973). “On Social Structure.” In High Points in Anthropology,
(2nd Ed.). Eds. P. Bohannan and M. Glazer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, pp. 304-316.
Week 7 (March 31): Relaxants: History, Practice, Agency and Resistance
Required reading
Mintz, Sidney W. (2008). “Time, Sugar, and Sweetness.” In Food and Culture. Ed. C.
Counihan and P. Van Esterik. New York: Routledge, pp. 91-103.
Diamond, Stanley (1969). “Anthropology in Question.” In Reinventing Anthropology.
New York: Random House, pp 401-429.
For further reading
Clasters, Pierre (1987 [1974]). “Copernicus and the Savages” In Society against the
State: Essays in Political Anthropology. New York: Zone Books, pp. 7-26.
Wolf, Eric (1969). “American Anthropology and American Society.” In Reinventing
Anthropology. New York: Random House, pp. 251-263.
Sahlins, Marshal (1994). “Cosmologies of Capitalism: The Transpacific Sector of the
‘World System’.” in A reader in Contemporary Social Theory. Eds. Dirks, Eley, and
Ortner. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 412-458.
Scholte, Bob (1969). “Towards a reflexive and Critical Anthropology.” In Reinventing
Anthropology. New York: Random House, pp. 430-459.
Ortner, Sherry (1984). “Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties.” In Comparative
Studies in Society and History, 26(1): 126-166.
7
Dirks, Nicholas (1992). “Castes of Mind.” In Representations 37 (Special Issue: Imperial
Fantasies and Postcolonial Histories), pp. 56-78. (See also book with the same title).
Cohn, Bernard (1990). An Anthropologist among the Historians. Chicago: Chicago
University Press.
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John (1992). “Theory, Ethnography, Historiography.” In
Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Boulder: Westview Press.
Asad, Talal (1973). Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. Ithaca: Ithaca Press.
Sahlins, Marshall (1976). Culture and Practical Reason: Two Paradigms in
Anthropological Theory. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Taussig, Michael (1989).
“History as Commodity: In Some Recent American
Anthropological Literature.” Critique of Anthropology, Vol. 9 (1): 7-23.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1977). “Structure, Habitus, Practice.” In Outline of Theory of Practice.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Certeau, Michel de (1984). “A Common Place: Ordinary Language.” In The Practice of
Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California, pp 22-33.
Week 8 (April 7): Movie/Assignment due
Bosnia: We are All Neighbors (Disappearing World: War series -- 1993). Filmmaker
Debbie Christie and anthropologist Tone Bringa.
Week 9 (April 28): Analyze This
Required Readings
8
Ewing, K.P. (1992). “Is Psychoanalysis Relevant for Anthropology?” In New Directions
in Psychological Anthropology. Eds. T. Schwartz, G. White, and C. Lutz. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, pp. 251-268.
Bateson, Gregory et al. (1969 [1956]). “Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia.” In Steps to
an Ecology of the Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution and
Epistemology. New York: Ballantine, pp. 205-232.
For further reading
Moore, Henrietta 2007. “A Genealogy of the Anthropological Subject” and “Culture,
Power, Desire” In, The Subject of Anthropology, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, Ch. 2, pp23-42 & Ch. 3, pp. 43-62.
Clifford, James (1988). “Tell About your Trip: Michel Leiris.” In Predicament of
Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, pp. 165-174.
Pontalis, J. B. and Macey, David (1992). “Michel Leiris, or Psychoanalysis without End.”
Yale French Studies, No. 81 (On Leiris): 128-144
Price, Sally and Jamin, Jean (1988). “A Conversation with Michel Leiris.” Current
Anthropology, Vol. 29 (1): 157-174.
Hefner, Robert (1975). “Leiris and Anthropology.” SubStance, Vol. 4 (11/12): 136-146.
Deluz, Ariane and Heald, Suzette (1994). Anthropology and Psychoanalysis: An
Encounter through Culture. London: Routledge.
Week 10 (May 12): Interpret That
Required reading
9
Geertz, Clifford (1973). “Religion as Cultural System.” Interpretation of Cultures. New
York: Basic books, pp. 87-125.
.‫" פרשנות של תרבות‬.‫ "הדת כמערכת תרבותית‬.)]4000[ 4001( ‫ קליפורד גירץ‬:‫ניתן לקרוא בעברית‬
.90-444 '‫ עמ‬,‫ כתר‬:‫ירושלים‬
For further reading
Asad, Talal (1993). “The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category.” In
Genealogies of Religion. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Geertz, Clifford (1973). “Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfights.” In Interpretation
of Cultures. New York: Basic books, pp. 412-425.
Roseberry, William (1982). “Balinese Cockfights and the Seduction of Anthropology.”
Social Research, Vol. 49 (4): 1013-1028.
Geertz, Clifford (1983). “Centers, Kings and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of
Power.” In Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York:
Basic Books, pp. 121-146.
Geertz (1973). “Thick Description: Towards an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” The
Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, pp. 3-32.
Geertz: (1983) “From the Native Point of View.” In Local Knowledge: Further Essays in
Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books, pp. 73-93.
Turner, Victor Witter (1967). “Symbols in Ndembu Ritual.” The Forest of Symbols:
Aspects of Ndembu Rituals. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 19-47.
Week 11 (May 19): Represent Who
10
Required reading
Fabian, Johannes (1983). Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New
York: Columbia University Press, pp. 21-36; 156-166.
For further reading
Turner,
Terence
(1991).
“Representing,
Resisting,
Rethinking:
Historical
Transformations of Kayapo Culture and Anthropological Consciousness.” In Colonial
Situations: Essays on the Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge. Ed. George
Stocking. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 285-313.
Resaldo, Renato (1993). “Grief and a Headhunter’s Rage,” and “The Erosion of Classical
Norms.” In Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Boston: Bacon, pp. 121; 24-44.
Clifford, James and Marcus, George (1986). “Introduction: Partial Truths.” In Writing
Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California
Press, pp. 1-26.
Week 12 (May 26): Power in Question
Required reading
Trioullot, Michel-Rolph (1995). “Power in the Story.” In Silencing the Past: Power and
the Production of History, pp. 1-30.
Wolf, Eric R. (1990). “Facing Power: Old Insights, New Questions.” American
Anthropologist, 92 (3): 586-596.
11
For further reading
Ortner, Sherry (2006). “Updating Practice Theory,” and “Power and Projects: Reflections
on Agency.” In Anthropology and Social Theory, pp. 1-18; 129-153.
Wolf, Eric (1999). Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Domination and Crisis. Berkeley:
University of California Press, pp. 1-15; 21-67.
Week 13 (June): Beyond Theory
Required reading
Auge, Marc (1982). The Anthropological Circle: Symbol, Function, History. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, pp. 49-100.
For further reading
Knauft, Bruce (2006). “Anthropology in the Middle.” In Anthropological Theory, Vol. 6
(4): 407- 430.
Latour, Bruno (2010). “An Attempt at a Compositionist Manifesto.” In New Literary
History,
Vol.
41:
471-490.
(Also
available
online
in
many
places,
e.g.:
<http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/120-NLH-GB.pdf>)
Zenker, Olaf and Kumoll, Karsten (2010). “Prologue: Opening Doors.” In Beyond
Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational
Practices. Eds. O. Zenker, and K. Kumoll. New York: Berghan Books.
Gupta Akhil and Ferguson, James (1992). “Beyond ‘Culture’: Space Identity and The
Politics of Difference”. Cultural Anthropology. Vol. 7 (1): 6-23.
12
Clifford, James (1997). “Spatial Practices: Fieldwork, Travel and the Disciplining of
Anthropology.” In Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of Field
Science. Eds. A. Gupta and J. Ferguson. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp.
185-222.
Marcus, George and Fischer, Michael (1986). Anthropology as Cultural Critique.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 77-110.
Graeber, David (2004). Fragments of Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly
Paradigm Press, pp. 1-37; 95-105.
Kohn, Eduardo (2007). “How Dogs Dream: Amazonian Natures and the Politics of Trans
Species Engagement.” American Ethnologist, 34: 3–24.
Warren, Kay (2002). “Towards an Anthropology of Fragments, Instabilities, and
Incomplete Transitions.” In Ethnography in Unstable Places. Ed. C. Greenhouse, E.
Mertz, and K. Warren. Durham, NJ: Duke University Press.
Strathern, Marylin (2004). “Ethnography as Evocation;” “Historical Critique,” and
“Prosthetic Extensions” In Partial Connections. Walnut Creek, GA: AltaMira Press, pp.
5-16; 91-104; 1-5-120.
Collier, Stephen and Ong, Aihwa (2005). “Global Assemblages, Anthropological
Problems.” In Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological
Problems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, pp. 3-21.
Wolf, Eric (2001). “On Fieldwork and Theory.” In Pathways of Power: Building an
Anthropology of the Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Geertz, Clifford (2000). “The World in Pieces: Culture and Politics at the End of the
Century.” In Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 218-263.
Party Writing for Donna Haraway: http://partywriting.blogspot.co.il
13
Savage
Minds:
Notes
and
Queries
in
http://savageminds.org
Week 14 (June 9): Course Conclusion
14
Anthropology
—
A
Group
Blog: