Reactionary South Bibliography
The idea of a reactionary South, based on the assumption of a liberal, democratic,
egalitarian origin for America, can be found in Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in
America: An Interpretation of American Political thought Since the Revolution (New
York and London, 1955, 1991); Charles G. Sellers, "The Travail of Slavery," in Sellers,
ed., The Southerner as American (Chapel Hill, 1960); William W. Freehling, Prelude to
Civil War: The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina, 1816-1836 (New York,
1966) and The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay (New York, 1990); Steven
Channing, Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina (New York, 1970); Rollin G.
Osterweis, Romanticism and Nationalism in the Old South (New Haven, 1949); John
Hope Franklin, The Militant South, 1800-1861 (Cambridge, MA, 1956); Ronald T.
Takaki, A Pro-Slavery Crusade: The Agitation to Reopen the African Slave Trade (New
York, 1971); William Barney, The Road to Secession: A New Perspective on the Old
South (New York, 1972); Barney, The Secessionist Impulse: Alabama and Mississippi
in 1860 (Princeton, 1974); Earl E. Thorpe, The Old South: A Psychohistory (Durham,
NC, 1972); Alvy L. King, Louis T. Wigfall: Southern Fire-Eater (Baton Rouge, 1970);
Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire (Baton Rouge, 1973); Peter
J. Parish, The American Civil War (New York, 1975); Bruce Clayton, The Savage Ideal
(Baltimore, 1972); John C. Miller, The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery
(New York, 1977); F. Garvin Davenport, Jr., The Myth of Southern History (Nashville,
1970); Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South
(New York, 1982, 2007); Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Honor and Violence in the Old South
(New York, 1986); George Frederickson, The Arrogance of Race (Middletown, CT,
1988); Michael O' Brien, The Idea of the American South (Baltimore, 1979); O'Brien,
Rethinking the South: Essays in Intellectual History (Baltimore, 1988); Merton L.
Dillon, Ulrich Bonnell Phillips: Historian of the Old South( Baton Rouge, 1985); John
David Smith, An Old Creed for the New South, 1865-1918 (Westport, CT, 1985); Fred
A. Bailey, Class and Tennessee's Confederate Generation (Chapel Hill, 1987); Bailey,
William Edward Dodd: The South's Yeoman Historian (Charlottesville, 1997); and
Robert P. Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning
of America (Chapel Hill, 2007).
Binnington, Ian. Confederate Visions: Nationalism, Symbolism, and the Imagined South in the
Civil War. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.
Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press, 2001.
Blue,Frederick J. No Taint of Compromise: Crusaders in Antislavery Politics. Baton Rouge: Louisiana
State University Press, 2005.
Blum, Edward J. Reforging the White Republic: Race, Religion, and American Nationalism, 1865-1898.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.
Boles, John B., ed. A Companion to the American South. Malden, Massachusetts and Oxford, England:
Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
Bordewitch, Fergus M. America’s Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise
That Preserved the Union. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012.
Brundage, W. Fitzhugh, ed. Where These Memories Grow: History, Memory, and Southern Identity.
Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Budiansky, Stephen. The Bloody Shirt: Terror After Appomattox. New York: Viking/Penguin, 2007.
Burton, Orville Vernon. The Age of Lincoln. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.
Campbell, Randolph B. Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821-1865. Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.*
Carden, Allen. Freedom’s Delay: America’s Struggle for Emancipation, 1776-1865. Knoxville:
University of Tennessee Press, 2014.
Carnahan, Burrus M. Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War.
Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.
Carter, Dan T. When the War Was Over: the Failure of Self-Reconstruction in the South, 18651867. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985.
Cheathem, Mark R. Andrew Jackson, Southerner. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
2013.
Chesson, Michael B. and and Roberts, Leslie Jean, eds. Exile in Richmond: The Confederate Journal of
Henri Garidel. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 2001.
Childers, Christopher. The Failure of Popular Sovereignty: Slavery, Manifest Destiny, and the
Radicalization of Southern Politics. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2012.
Cooper, Jr., William J. The South and the Politics of Slavery: 1828-1856. Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
Cooper, Jr., William J. Liberty and Slavery: Southern Politics to 1860. Columbia, S. C.:
University of South Carolina Press, 2000.
Cottrol, Robert J. The Long, Lingering Shadow: Slavery, Race, and Law in the American
Hemisphere. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013.
Cozzens, Peter. The Civil War in the West. 3 volumes.
Crawford, Alan Pell. Twilight at Monticello: The Final Years of Thomas Jefferson. New York:
Random House, 2008.
Criblez, Adam. Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest,
1816-1876. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2013.
Crofts, Daniel W. Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.*
Crook, Robert J. Troubled Commemoration: The American Civil War Centennial, 1961-1965.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.
Daly, John Patrick. When Slavery Was Called Freedom: Evangelicalism, Proslavery, and the Causes
of the Civil War. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2002.
Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2006.
Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1775-1823. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1999.
Davis, William C. Rhett: The Turbulent Life and Times of a Fire-Eater. Columbia: University
Of South Carolina Press, 2001.
Delaney, David. Race, Place, and the Law, 1836-1948. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1998.
Dew, Charles B. Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil
War. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2002..
Downs, Gregory. Declarations of Independence: The Long Reconstruction of Popular Politics in the
South, 1861-1908. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Doyle, Don H. Nations Divided: America, Italy, and the Southern Question. Athens, Georgia
and London: University of Georgia Press, 2002.
Egerton, Douglas. The Wars of Reconstruction: The Brief Violent History of America’s
Most Progressive Era. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
Escott, Paul D. “What Shall We Do with the Negro?” Lincoln, White Racism, and Civil War America.
Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2009.
Escott, Paul D. After Secession: Jefferson Davis and the Failure of Confederate Nationalism. Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
Ely, Jr., James W., ed. A History of the Tennessee Supreme Court. Knoxville, Tennessee:
University of Tennessee Press, 2002.
Ely, Jr., James W. Railroads and the American Law. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of
Kansas, 2001.
Fahs, Alice. The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865.
Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Faust, Drew Gilpin. James Henry Hammond: A Design for Mastery. Baton Rouge: Lousiaiana
State University Press, 1982.
Faust, Drew Gilpin, ed. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 18301860. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
Finkelman, Paul. Defending Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Old South: A Brief History with
Documents. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
Fleche, Andre M. The Revolution of 1861: The American Ciivil War in the Age of Nationalist
Conflict. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Forbes, Robert P. The Missouri Compromise and its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Ford, Lacy K., Jr. Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860. New York
and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Ford, Lacy K., Jr. Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South. Oxford and New York:
Oxford University Press, 2009.
Foster, Gaines M. Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New
South, 1865 to 1913. New York and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Fotentot, Jr. , Chester and Morgan, Mary Alice, eds. W. E. B. DuBois and Race: Essays Celebrating the
Centennial Publication of the Souls of Black Folk. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University
Press, 2001.
Fouché, Rayvon. Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2003.
Franklin, John Hope. A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Antebellum North. Baton Rouge,
Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1976.
Frederickson, George M. The Arrogance of Race: Historical Perspectives on Slavery, Racism, and
Social Inequality. Hanover, New Hampshire: Wesleyan University Press, 1988.*
Freehling, William W. The Road to Disunion, Volume Two: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854-1861.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Gallagher, Gary W. Civil War: Fort Sumter to Appomattox. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing,
2014.
Gallagher, Gary W. Becoming Confederates: Paths to a New National Loyalty. Athens, Georgia:
University of Georgia Press, 2013.
Gallagher, Gary W. The Union War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011.
Gallagher, Gary W. Lee and His Army in Confederate History. Chapel Hill and London: University of
North Carolina Press, 2001.
Gallagher, Gary W. The Confederate War. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University
Press, 1997.
Goetz, Rebecca Anne. The Baptism of Early Virginia: How Christianity Created Race. Baltimore
and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
Goldenberg, David M. The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Goldfield, David. Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History. Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
Goldstone, Lawrence. Inherently Unequal: The betrayal of Equal Rights by the Supreme Court,
1865-1903. New York: Walker Publishing Company, Inc., 2011.
Guelzo, Allen C. Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Oxford, UK,
New York and other cities, 2012.
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York,
London, and other cities: Simon & Schuster, 2004, 2005.
Guelzo, Allen C. Abraham Lincoln, Redeemer President. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U. K.:
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999.
Hahn, Steven. A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggle in the Rural South from Slavery to
The Great Migration. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press,
2003.
Hahn, Steven. The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the
Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890. New York and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press,
1983.
Hale, Elizabeth. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890-1940. New
York: 1998.
Harris, J. William. Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in
Augusta's Hinterland. Middletown, Connecticut: Middlebury University Press, 1985.
Hartz, Louis. The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of American Political Thought
Since the Revolution. New York, London, and other cities: Harcourt, Inc., 1955, 1991.
Haynes, Stephen R. Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. New York and
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Holzer, Harold. Lincoln, President Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter of 18601861. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.
Holzer, Harold, et al. The Lincoln Image: Abraham Lincoln and the Popular Print. Urbana,
Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2005.
Horton James O. and Lois E. Slavery and the Making of America.
Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848. New
```````` `York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Huston, James L. Calculating the Value of the Union: Slavery, Property, and the Economic Origins
of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Hutson, James L. Fruits of Labor: The American Concept of Wealth Distribution, 1765-1900. Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.
Jaffa, Harry V. A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War. Lanham,
Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
Janney, Caroline E. Burying the Dead But Not the Past: Ladies’ Memorial Associations and the Lost
Cause. Chapel Hill: university of North Carolina Press, 2011.
Johnson, Michael P. Abraham Lincoln, Slavery, and the Civil War: Selected Writings and Speeches.
New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
Johnson, Walter. River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. Cambridge,
Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2013.
Jones, Jacqueline. A Dreadful Deceit: The Myth of Race from the Colonial Era to Obama’s America.
New York: Basic Books, 2013.
Katagari, Yasuhiro. The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: Civil Rights and States' Rights.
Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
Kantrowitz, Stephen. More Than Freedom: Fighting for Black Citizenshiip in a White Republic,
1829-1889. New York: Penguin Press, 2012.
Kousser, J. Morgan. The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the
One-Party South, 1880-1919. New Haven, Connecticut and London: Yale University Press,
1974.
Krannawitter, Thomas L. Vindicating Lincoln: Defending the Politics of Our Greatest President.
Lanham, Maryland and Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008
Lankford, Nelson D. Cry Havoc! The Crooked Road to Civil War, 1861. New York: Viking Books, 2007.
Lehrman, Lewis E. Lincoln at Peoria: The Turning Point. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole
Books, 2008.
Levine, Bruce. The Fall of the House of Dixie: The Civil War & the Social Revolution that
Transformed the South. New York: Random House, 2013..
New York: Random House, 2013.
Levine, Bruce. Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves during the
Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Levine, Bruce. Half Slave L& Half Free: The Roots of Civil War. New York: Farrar, Straus
And Giroux, 1992; Hill & Wang, 2005.
Lofgren, Charles. The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Interpretation. Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press, 1987.
Manning, Chandra. What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 2007.
Mason, Matthew. Slavery & Politics in the Early American Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press, 2006.
Masur, Louis P. Lincoln’s Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War
For the Union. Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard University Press, 2012.
Masur, Louis P. The Civil War: A Concise History. Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford University
Publishing, 2011.
Matthews, Glenna. The Golden State in the Civil War: Thomas Starr King, the Republican Party,
and the Birth of Modern California. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2012.
May, Robert E. Manifest Destiny's Underworld: Filibustering in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill and
London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
McAfee, Ward M. Religion, Race, and Reconstruction: The Public School in the Politics of the 1870's.
Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
McCardle, John. The Idea of a Southern Nation: Southern Nationalists and Southern Nationalism,
1830-1860. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1981.
McCaslin, Richard B. Lee in the Shadow of Washington. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University
Press, 2001.
McClintock, Russell. Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.*
McCusker, John J., ed. The Early Modern Atlantic Economy. New York and Cambridge, England:
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
McDaniel, W. Caleb. The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists
& Transatlantic Reform. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.
McDougall, Walter A. Freedom Just Around the Corner: A New American History, 1585-1828. New
York: HarperCollins, 2005.
McDougall, Walter A. Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era, 1829-1877. New
York: HarperCollins, 2008.
McGlone, Robert E. John Brown’s War Against Slavery. Cambridge, UK, New York, and other
cities: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
McKivigan, John R. Forgotten Firebrand: James Redpath and the Making of Nineteenth-Century
America. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2008.
McKivigan, John R. and Harrold, Stanley, eds. Antislavery Violence: Sectional, Racial, and Cultural
Conflict in Antebellum America. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1999.
McPherson, James M. Tried By War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief. New York: Penguin
Group USA, 2008.
McPherson, James and William J. Cooper, Jr., eds. Writing the Civil War: The Quest to Understand.
Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1998.
McPherson, James M. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam 1862. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2002.
McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997.
McPherson, James J. What They Fought For. New York, 1995.
McPherson, James M. Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution. New York, 1990.*
McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1988.*
McPherson, James M. The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and
Reconstruction. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.
McWhirter, Christian. Battle Hymns: The Power and Popularity of Music in the Civil War. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Medved, Michael. The 10 Big Lies About America: Combating Destructive Distortions About Our
Nation. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2009.
Meyerson, Michael I. Liberty's Blueprint: How Madison and Hamilton Wrote The Federalist, Defined the
Constitution, and Made Democracy Safe for the World. New York: Basic Books, 2008.
Miller, William Lee. Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
Miller, William Lee. Arguing About Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.
Mills, Cynthia and Simpson, Pamela H., eds. Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the
Landscapes of Southern Memory. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press,
2003.
Moltke-Danson, David. William Gilmore Simms’s Unfinished Civil War: Consequences for a
Southern Man of Letters. Columbia, S. C.: University of South Carolina Press, 2013.
Morrison, Michael A. Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming
of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Murphy, Paul V. The Rebuke of History: The Southern Agrarians and American Conservative Thought.
Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Myers, Philip E. Caution and Cooperation: The American Civil War in British-American Relations.
Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 2008.
Neely, Mark E. Lincoln and the Triumph of the Nation: Constitutional Conflict in the American Civil
War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
Neely, Mark E. The Civil War and the Limits of Destruction. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press, 2007.
Neely, Mark E. The Union Divided: Party Conflict in the Civil War North. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Neely, Mark E. Confederate Bastille: Jefferson Davis and Civil Liberties. 1994.
Oakes, James. The Radical and the Republican: Abraham Lincoln and the Triumph of Anti-Slavery
Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007.
Oakes, James. Slavery and Freedom: An Interpretation of the Old South. New York: W. W. Norton
and Company, 1998.
Oakes, James. The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1982/Vintage Paperback, 1983.
O'Brien, Michael. Rethinking the South: Essays in Intellectual History. Baltimore and London:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
Olsen, Christopher J. Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the
Antiparty Tradition, 1830-1860. New York and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press,
2000.
Olwell, Robert. Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country,
1740-1790. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Osterweis, Rollin G. The Myth of the Lost Cause, 1865-1900. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books,
1973.
Osterweis, Rollin G. Romanticism and Nationalism in the Old South. New Haven: Yale University
Press,1949.
Paludan, Phililip Shaw, ed. Lincoln's Legacy: Ethics and Politics. Urbana, Illinois: University of
Illinois Press, 2008.
Quigley, Paul. Shifting Grounds: Nationalism & the American South, 1848-1865.
Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Rable, George C. The Confederate Republic: A Revolution against Politics. 1994.
.
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Press, 2007.
Rawley, James A. The American Civil War: An English View: The Writings of Field Marshall Viscount
Wolsleley. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2002.
Reardon, Carol. Pickett's Charge in History and Memory. Chapel Hill and London: University
of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Reid, John Phillip. The Concept of Liberty in the Age of the American Revolution. Chicago and London:
University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Reid, John Phillip. A Constitutional History of the American Revolution. 4 volumes. Madison,
Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986-1991.*
Reidy, Joseph P. From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Centeral
Georgia, 1800-1880. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
Regosin, Elizabeth. Freedom's Promise: Ex-Slave Families and Citizenship in the Age of Emancipation.
Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2002.
Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson: The Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845. New York:
Harper and Row Publishers, Inc., 1984; New York: History Book Club, 1998.
Reynolds, Donald E. Editors Make War: Southern Newspapers in the Secession Crisis.
1970; Carbondale Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2006.
Reynolds, David. American, Empire of Liberty: A New United States History. New York: Basic
Books, 2009.
Richards, David A. J. Conscience and the Constitution: History, Theory, and Law of the Reconstruction
Amendments. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Richards, Leonard L. The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780-
1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
Richards, Leonard L. The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 2007.
Richards, Leonard L. "Gentlemen of Property and Standing": Anti-Abolition Mobs in Jacksonian America.
New York: 1970.
Richardson, Heather Cox. West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War.
New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007.*
Richardson, Heather Cox. The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War
South. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001.*
Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the
Civil War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Ring, Natalie J. The Problem South: Region, Empire, and the New Liberal State, 18800=1930. Athens:
University of Georgia Press, 2012.
Rivers, Larry E. Slavery in Florida: Territorial Days to Emancipation. Gainesville, Florida: University
Press of Florida, 2000.
Roark, James L. Masters without Slaves: Southern Planters in the Civil War and Reconstruction.
New York, 1977.
Roberts, Timothy M. Distant Revolutions: 1848 and the Challenge to American
Exceptionalism. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009.*
Robertson, James I., Jr. Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend. New York:
Macmillan,1997.
Robertson, James I., Jr. The Confederate Spirit. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Robertson, James I., Jr. Soldiers Blue and Gray.
Robinson, Cedric J. Black Movements in America. New York and London: Routledge, 1997.
Rodgers, Daniel T. Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998.*
Rodrigue, John C. Lincoln and Reconstruction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
Press, 2013.
Rosen, William. The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A History of Steam, Industry, and Invention.
New York: Random House, 2010.
Ross, Michael A. Justice of Shattered Dreams: Samuel Freeman Miller and the Supreme Court during
the Civil War Era. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
Royce, Edward. The Origins of Southern Sharecropping. Philadelphia, 1993.
Rozbicki, Michal Jon. Culture and Liberty in the Age of the American Revolution. Charlottesville:
University of Virginia Press, 2011, 2013.*
Sacks, Howard L. and Judith Rose. Way Up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate
Anthem. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Samuels, Shirlely, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Abraham Lincoln. Cambridge, UK and New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Sanders, Jr., Charles W. While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military Prisons of the Civil War. Baton
Rouge: LSU Press, 2005.
Scarborough, William K. Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth-Century
South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.*
Schantz, Mark S. Awaiting the Heavenly Country: The Civil War and America's Culture of Death.
Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2008.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Cycles of American History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986; New York:
Mariner Books, 1996.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society.
New York: W. W. Norton Company, Inc., 1992.
Schott, Thomas E. Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State
University Press, 1988.
Schulten, Susan. Mapping the Nation: History and Geography in Nineteenth Century America.
Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
Schweninger, Loren. The Southern Debate over Slavery. Volume 2: Petitions to Southern County
Courts, 1775-1867. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2007.
Schweninger, Loren, ed. The Southern Debate Over Slavery. Volume I: Petitions to Southern
Legislatures, 1778-1864. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
Schweninger, Loren. Black Property Owners in the South, 1790-1915. Urbana: University
of Illinois Press, 1990.
Scott, Robert G., ed. The Memoirs, Journals, & Civil War Letters of Orlando B. Wilcox. Kent, Ohio:
Kent State University Press, 1999.
Savage, Kirk. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth-Century
America. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Sewell, Richard H. Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837-1860. New
York, 1976.
Shafer, Byron E., ed. Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History,
1775-2000. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2001.
Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Why Confederates Fought: Family & Nation in Civil War Virginia. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Shields, Joanna N. Freedom in a Slave Society: Stories from the Antebellum South. Cambridge, UK
and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Shore, Laurence. Southern Capitalists: The Ideological Leadership of an Elite, 1832-1865. Chapel Hill
and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
Shuffelton, Frank. A Mixed Race: Ethnicity in Early America. Oxford, UK and New York:
Oxford University Press, 1993.
Silber, Nina. The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and the South, 1865-1900. Chapel Hill and
London: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
Simpson, Brooks D. Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War & Reconstruction.
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See also W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941) and historians'
praise of this journalistic fantasy (Charles W. Eagles, ed., The Mind of the South: Fifty
Years Later [Jackson, MS, 1992] and Paul D. Escott, ed., W. J. Cash and the Minds of
the South [Baton Rouge, 1992] ).
For more recent studies, see the Appendix II, "The Idea of a Great
Reaction in the South."
Textbooks surveyed here include: Paul S. Boyer, et al, The Enduring
Vision: A History of the American People (Lexington, MA, 1996); Mary Beth Norton,
et al, A People & A Nation: A History of the United States (Boston, 1990); David M.
Kennedy and Thomas A. Bailey, The Brief American Pageant (Lexington, MA, 1993);
Bernard Bailyn, Gordon S. Wood, et al, The Great Republic (2 vols., Lexington, MA,
1977); and Frederick M. Binder and David M. Reimers, eds., The Way We Lived:
Essays and Documents in American Social History (2 vols., Lexington, MA, 1996).
2
Ibid. See also the survey of Civil War historiography in Thomas J. Pressly,
Americans Interpret Their Civil War (New York, 1954, 1962). On the Federalists and the
South, see Linda K. Kerber, Federalists in Dissent (New York, 1970). For the South as a
slave power, see Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the
Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1971) and David Brion Davis, The
Slave Power: Conspiracy and the Paranoid Style (Baton Rouge, 1969).