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Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans
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Supporting Information for
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Carbon export efficiency and phytoplankton community composition in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean
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Frédéric A.C. Le Moignea1, Alex J. Poultona, Stephanie A. Hensona, Chris J. Danielsb, Glaucia M. Fragosob, Elaine. Mitchellc, Sophie Richierb,
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Benjamin C. Russellb, Helen E. K. Smithb, Geraint Tarlingd, Jeremy R. Younge, Mike Zubkova
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a
National Oceanography Centre, European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton , UK;bUniversity of Southampton, European Way, SO14 3ZH,
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Southampton , U.K. cScottish Association for Marine Sciences, Oban, Argyll, PA3 7QA, U.K. dBritish Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Mandingley
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Road, CB3 0ET, Cambridge, U. K. eUniversity College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, U. K.
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1
Now at GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany.
Corresponding author: Frédéric A.C. Le Moigne, GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany. flemoigne@geomar.de
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Content of this file
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Figures S1 to S3
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Table S1 and S2
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Additional Supporting Information (Files uploaded separately)
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Caption for Table S1:
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POC export flux (mmol m-2 d-1) from the Marine snow catcher during JR271.
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Caption for Table S2:
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Abundance (ind m-2), dry weight (mg) and species specific respiration rate (µl O2 ind-1 h-1) of zooplankton.
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Introduction
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The supporting information provides 2 tables, Table S1 presenting the POC flux from the marine snow catcher and Table S2 presenting the raw
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data for calculation of zooplankton respiration rate (see methods section of the main text) and three figures presenting extra and detailed
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information on ice cover (Fig. S1), density profiles (Fig. S2) and temperature salinity diagram (Fig. S3). Data collection and analysis procedures
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are presented in the methods section in the main text.
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Figure S1: Ice concentration[Cavalieri et al., 1996, updated yearly] (in %) in April and May 2012. Sea ice concentration data is taken from the
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Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave sensors and downloaded from www.nsidc.org.
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Figure S2: Density profile (kg m-3) from the CTD package at all stations during this study. Note the different scale on panels d) and m).
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34
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Figure S3: Potential temperature-salinity diagram. Station number and colour code are
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indicated on the plot
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Table S1: POC export flux from the base of the mixed layer (mmol m-2 d-1) from the Marine snow catcher during JR271.
POC export (MSC)*
Station
(mmol m-2 d-1)
[Smith, 2014]
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9
4.5 ± 0.7
10
-
11
155.9 ± 51.1
14
10.8 ± 10.1
19
12.0 ± 8.0
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13.0 ± 4.1
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-
34
-
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19.3 ± 8.3
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-
40
19.2 ± 3.0
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7.3 ± 3.2
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-
* Described and discussed in [Smith, 2014]
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Table S2: Abundance (ind m-2), dry weight (mg) and species specific respiration rate (µl O2 ind-1 h-1) of zooplankton. Estimates of zooplankton
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community biomass were made from the sum of all biomass dominant zooplankton taxa obtained within net-catches. These taxa included
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Calanus finmarchicus/glacialis (stages CI to CVI), C. hyperboreus (CII to CVI), all copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. and Paracalanus
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spp., all identifiable stages of Oithona similis and Oncaea spp., all calanoid nauplii and all Appendicularia.
Station number
In situ Temp.(°C)
9
10
11
14
19
26
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
-1.6
4
1
4
3
4.4
5.7
5.6
4.3
0.8
5.8
6.3
10.6
7772.5
8703
205.3
656.8
3886.3
1313.7
0
-2
Species
Stage
Dry Weight (mg)
Abundance (ind m )
Calanus finmarchicus
C6F
0.387
875.8
109.5
Calanus
CV <94
0.387
595.3
Calanus
CV >94
0.474
499.5
Calanus
CIV
0.316
Calanus
CIII
Calanus
Calanus
1532.6
807.4
3065.2
1669.4
348.9
318.2
3102.8
61.6
554.2
3174.7
475.5
2925
195
1703.7
307.9
793.7
3044.7
516.6
3356
1334.2
5849.9
0
578.1
2877.1
2432.3
13622.4
458.4
1286.3
1423.1
383.2
444.7
2298.9
2600
1587.3
1094.7
95.8
1313.7
27.4
45102.5
16639.7
0.063
27.4
0
301
47.9
766.3
4296.8
6568.3
985.2
246.3
0
0
93270.1
13902.9
CII
0.02
218.9
0
164.2
82.1
3612.6
3503.1
9195.6
875.8
684.2
0
0
74441
5035.7
CI
0.01
0
0
218.9
123.2
2517.9
3393.6
19705
1313.7
916.8
0
0
32403.7
3174.7
Calanus hypoboreus
C6F
3.95
957.9
3503.1
205.3
348.9
2682.1
13.7
0
82.1
136.8
0
0
0
0
Calanus hypoboreus
CV
2.677
793.7
2134.7
636.3
294.2
5856.8
17.1
41.1
506.3
191.6
656.8
246.3
0
0
Calanus hypoboreus
CIV
1.586
4652.6
5473.6
608.9
287.4
7225.2
20.5
13.7
1888.4
684.2
3776.8
821
0
0
Calanus hypoboreus
CIII
0.315
109.5
109.5
75.3
20.5
547.4
17.1
0
41.1
875.8
8757.8
218.9
2189.4
1094.7
Calanus hypoboreus
CII
0.1
985.2
2517.9
102.6
47.9
1423.1
3.4
0
0
218.9
5364.1
27.4
875.8
0
Pseudocalanus/Paracalanus
copepodites
0.004
5911.5
12698.8
164.2
0
3174.7
711.6
0
656.8
7006.2
46416.1
5035.7
48605.6
0
Oithona similis
0.002
80352.4
99838.5
3722
15982.9
47620.3
4187.3
78819.8
27149.1
41380.4
0
128520.1
254850.8
11823
Oncaea spp.
0.002
20799.7
47291.9
2463.1
218.9
6239.9
136.8
3065.2
1313.7
5254.7
22770.2
3722
107720.4
9195.6
0.004
2189.4
3941
1806.3
40942.5
4488.4
7252.5
81885.1
2298.9
3284.2
21018.6
875.8
45540.4
2080
Calanoid
Nauplii
547.4
Appendicularia
0.003
0
0
82.1
985.2
0
465.3
437.9
0
0
821
0
492.6
1040
Individual O2 respiration rate (µl O2 ind-1 h-1)
Calanus finmarchicus
C6F
0.28
0.41
0.34
0.41
0.39
0.42
0.46
0.46
0.42
0.33
0.47
0.48
0.65
Calanus
CV <94
0.28
0.41
0.34
0.41
0.39
0.42
0.46
0.46
0.42
0.33
0.47
0.48
0.65
Calanus
CV >94
0.33
0.49
0.4
0.49
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.54
0.5
0.39
0.55
0.57
0.77
Calanus
CIV
0.24
0.35
0.29
0.35
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.39
0.36
0.28
0.4
0.41
0.56
Calanus
CIII
0.07
0.1
0.08
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.11
0.1
0.08
0.11
0.11
0.15
Calanus
CII
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Calanus
CI
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
Calanus hypoboreus
C6F
1.8
2.66
2.16
2.66
2.48
2.72
2.99
2.97
2.71
2.13
3
3.11
4.2
Calanus hypoboreus
CV
1.32
1.95
1.59
1.95
1.82
1.99
2.19
2.18
1.98
1.56
2.2
2.28
3.08
Calanus hypoboreus
CIV
0.87
1.28
1.04
1.28
1.19
1.31
1.44
1.43
1.3
1.03
1.44
1.5
2.02
Calanus hypoboreus
CIII
0.24
0.35
0.29
0.35
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.39
0.36
0.28
0.4
0.41
0.55
Calanus hypoboreus
CII
Pseudocalanus/Paracalanus
copepodites
0.1
0.14
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.16
0.14
0.11
0.16
0.16
0.22
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
Oithona similis
0
0.01
0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
Oncaea spp.
0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
217.7
1813.9
636.4
0
Calanoid
Nauplii
Appendicularia
Species O2 respiration rate (µl O2 ind-1 h-1)
Calanus finmarchicus
C6F
245.7
45.3
516.1
333.7
1182.6
Calanus
Calanus
CV <94
167
CV >94
164.8
690.1
117.5
131.5
1197.1
385.9
1206.2
251.2
1523.1
Calanus
CIV
306.6
499.9
109.7
156.2
753.7
Calanus
CIII
1.8
0
23.6
4.6
Calanus
CII
5.7
0
5.2
Calanus
CI
0
0
3.9
Calanus hypoboreus
C6F
1727.3
9309.1
Calanus hypoboreus
CV
1048
4154
231.8
3610.3
4025.8
86.4
26.1
257.4
1468.5
200.3
969.5
91
825.4
201.4
664.6
3196.5
0
286.4
1121.9
1335.5
7763.5
352.7
935.6
626.6
430.3
34.3
370
10.9
18568
9248.4
68.8
423.3
709.7
106
24.1
0
0
10511.6
2115.4
3.2
129.9
138.2
398
37.8
26.9
0
0
3360.8
306.9
2.7
52
76.9
489.6
32.5
20.7
0
0
839.7
111.1
444.4
927.3
6652.1
37.3
0
244.2
370.5
0
0
0
0
1008.8
572.5
10637
34.1
89.8
1102.5
379.8
1024.9
541.2
0
0
Calanus hypoboreus
CIV
4038.6
7002.1
634.6
367.6
8626.5
26.9
19.7
2703.3
891.7
3874.2
1185.9
0
0
Calanus hypoboreus
CIII
26
38.3
21.5
7.2
178.9
6.1
0
16.1
312.5
2459.3
86.6
898.6
606.6
Calanus hypoboreus
CII
93.8
353.2
11.7
6.7
186.3
0.5
0
0
31.3
603.4
4.3
144
0
Pseudocalanus/Paracalanus
copepodites
40.9
129.3
1.4
0
30.2
7.4
0
7.5
72.7
379.1
57.9
580.2
0
291.6
533.9
16.2
85.5
237.7
22.9
473.6
162.5
225.5
0
776
1597.3
100
82.5
276.5
11.7
1.3
34
0.8
20.1
8.6
31.3
106.7
24.6
738
85.1
14.2
37.6
14
390.4
39.9
70.9
877.5
24.5
31.9
160.7
9.4
509
31.4
0
0
0.5
7.3
0
3.6
3.7
0
0
4.9
0
4.3
12.3
Oithona similis
Oncaea spp.
Calanoid
Appendicularia
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Nauplii
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Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. Zwally (1996, updated yearly), Sea Ice
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Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data,
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Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. .
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Supporting Information References