Name: ___________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: ______
Chapter 21.1: Properties of Ocean Water
1. Ocean water has both ____________________ and ____________________
properties.
a. Chemical ________________ are those characteristics that determine
the _____________ water’s composition and that enable it to
_____________________ other substances.
b. Physical properties are those characteristics, such as _____________,
density, and ____________ than can be used to describe __________
water.
2. Composition of Ocean Water
a. The earth’s ____________ carry about 400 billion _______________
of dissolved ___________ into the ocean, and most of these dissolved
solids are ____________.
i. When water ________________ out of the ocean, the dissolved
solids are _________ _______________.
b. ____________ also enter the ocean water through _______________,
stream, ____________________ activity, or straight from the
_________________.
i. ______ is constantly released into the ______________ through
geothermal ________ near mid-ocean ridges and ___________.
c. While ________________ of kilograms of _____________ are added
to the ocean __________ each year, the ocean water has remained
________________________ for millions of years.
i. The ocean has reached an _______________________ with its
environment. Much of the ____________________ entering the
ocean are used by the __________ in the ocean.
3. Salinity of Ocean Water
a. _______________ solids make up about 3.5% of the ________ of the
ocean water.
i. When _______________ ________________, table salt, is
dissolved in ____________ it breaks down, and about _______
of the ocean’s dissolved ________________ are made up of the
individual _______________ and chlorine ________.
b. ______________ is the amount of _______________ solids present in
_____________ water since most of the solids are in the form of
_______________.
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: ______
i. Salinity is defined as the number of ____________ of dissolved
solids in _________ of ocean water.
c. _________________________ and __________________ increase
the salinity of ocean water since only the water _______________ are
removed during these ____________________.
i. ________________ values vary between ______________ and
____________________________.
1. ________________ waters have a higher salinity at the
_______________ than do ______________ waters, and
surface waters have a _____________ salinity than deep
water since water is constantly __________________ at
the surface.
ii. Salinity ________________ also vary greatly over the
__________________ ocean.
1. For example, the salinity of the ______ Sea is over 40%,
due to the _____ and _____ climate, and the __________
Sea is about 20% due to _________________ and runoff
of nearby rivers and _____________________.
4. Temperature of Ocean Water
a. _____________ water has the ability to absorb the _______________
wavelengths of the _________ which heat the water.
i. _______________ rays are completely ______________ within
the upper zone of ocean water, however, this dramatically
________________________ as depth increases.
b. The __________________ of water in the ocean thoroughly _______
the warmed surface water which ___________________ the heat to a
depth of ___________ to ___________.
i. Depending on ___________________, the temperature of this
____________ of the ocean stays fairly __________________.
c. A ______________________ is the zone of rapid ________________
change, decrease, and occurs at a depth of _______ to ________.
i. The thermocline ______________ because the water near the
______________ becomes less __________ as it is warmed by
heat from the _______ and cannot mix easily with the _______,
dense water below.
ii. Below the ________________ the water temperature continues
to _________ slightly until it reaches just above ____________
for those water conditions.
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: ______
iii. _____________________ are also present in most __________.
5. Density of Ocean Water
a. _________________ is the __________ of a substance per unit
_________.
i. For example, 1 __________ centimeter of _________ water has
a _______ of 1kg, and its density is _________________.
b. Two factors affect the density of ocean water: __________________
and _____________________.
i. Dissolved ____________ add mass to the water in direct
_________________ to the amount of each one present. These
dissolved solids make ocean water __________ dense than
_____________ water.
1. _________ water has a density of about _____________
and ______________.
ii. Ocean _____________ becomes more dense as it becomes
_______________ and less dense as it becomes ____________.
1. __________________ affects the density of ocean water
more than ________________.
2. Therefore, the _______________ oceans are found near
the ______________ regions.
6. Color of Ocean Water
a. The ocean appears to have a __________ color because every color
other than blue is ______________, and only blue wavelengths tend
to be __________________.
i. When you ________ straight down the water tends to be a
____________ blue because blue is the ___________ color to
be absorbed.
ii. When you look at an ____________, the ocean water tends to
______________ due to the blue wavelengths being
_______________ off the surface.