1.Name the 4 parts of blood and define what they do.
It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions,
including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and
tissues. forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
2. Name 4 types of blood and fill in the following chart:
Blood type
Antigen
Can receive blood from
Antibody
Can give blood to
Microscopic Views
Fish Blood
Bird Blood
Horse Blood
Frog Blood
Cat Blood
Dog Blood
Human Blood
Snake Blood
3. Describe the difference between the following animals
blood.
Human Blood
4. Write the genotype for each person based on the
description:
a. Homozygous B BB
b. Heterozygous A0
c. O0
5. Pretend that Brad Pitt is homozygous for the type B allele,
and Angelina Jolie is type “O.” What are all the possible
blood types of their baby?
B blood
6. Two parents think their baby was switched at the
hospital. Its 1968, so DNA fingerprinting technology does
not exist yet. The mother has blood type “O,” the father has
blood type “AB,” and the baby has blood type “B.”
a. Mother’s genotype: ___OO____
b. Father’s genotype: _AB______
c. Baby’s genotype: ___AO___ or ____BO____
d. Punnett square showing all possible genotypes for
children produced by this couple
e. Was the baby switched?
NO
7. What does blood drippings look like from the lowest height?
Small circle
8. How do you find the angle of impact?
Sin -1=width/length
9. Name 3 things that indicate if blood is present.
Luminol
Phenolphthalein
Genetic testing
10. Other than blood type and presence of disease, name one
type of evidence that can be collected using blood. Explain how
it is used as evidence.
DNA
Angle of origin
Angle of impact
11. How is blood evidence collected?
Blood pool –collect with gauze pad or clear cotton. Let air dry
and refrigerate of freeze within 48 hours.
Dried blood –wrap object in clean paper and place in paper
bag.
Small object, send whole object in.
Large object, cover with paper and tape down or scrape it off
with a knife.
Swab
12. Blood types are determined by the presence of protein
located where?
On its surface
13. To determine blood type what is added to a slide?
Antibodies
14. Find the blood typing lab and draw the table that shows
clumping.
Reaction
Anti A serum
agglutination
No
agglutination
agglutination
No
agglutination
Blood Type
Anti B serum
NO
Yes
A
B
Yes
No
AB
O
15. What does blood spatter look like in a gunshot vs. a blow
to the head?
High velocity is small spatter, low velocity larger drops
16. Both drops of blood are dropped from 50 cm but the
pattern is different. Why?
Different materials it drops on. Surface is smooth vs rough
17. Define Vocabulary is below!!
a. spatter
b. target
c. draw back effect
d. back spatter
e. spine
f. void
g. flow pattern
18. A bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an
existing stain, removing it or changing its appearance
19.The common point in a 3D space to which the trajectories of several
blood drops can be replaced.
20. What is Low-velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS)?
21. What is a bloodstain pattern created when an object
moves through an existing stain, removing it or changing
its appearance
Angle of Impact
the acute angle formed between the direction of a
blood drop and the plane of the surface it strikes
Arterial Spurting (or gushing) Pattern
bloodstain pattern(s) resulting form blood exiting
the body under pressure from a breached artery
Back Spatter
blood directed back toward the source of energy
for force that caused the spatter
Blood Spatter Analysis
a field of forensic science that deals with the
physcial properties of blood and the patterns
produced under different conditions as a result of
various forces applied to the source of the blood
Bloodstain
evidence that liquid blood has come into contact
with a surface
Cast-off Pattern
a bloodstain pattern created when blood is
released or throw from a moving blood-bearing
object
Contact Stain
blood deposited from direct contact between two
surfaces, at least one of which is bloody
Direction of Flight
the trajectory of a blood drop, which can be
established by it's angle of impact and
directionality angle
Directionality
the direstion the blood was traveling when it hit
the target surface; investagators can usually
establish this if a blood drop's flight from the
geometric shape of its bloodstain
Directionality Angle
the angle between the long axis of a bloodstain
and a predetermined line on the plane of the
target surface that represents 0 degrees
Draw-back Effect
blood in the barrel of a firearm that has been
drawn backward into the muzzle
Drip Pattern
a bloodstain pattern that results from blood
dripping into blood
Expirated Blood
blood that is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a
wound as a result of air pressure or air flow,
which is the propelling force
Flight Path
the path of the blood drop as it moves though the
space, from the impact site to the target
a change in the shape and direction in the
bloodstain due to the influence of gravity or
movement of the object
Forward Spatter
blood that travels in the same direction as the
source of energy or force that caused the spatter
High-velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS)
a bloodstain pattern caused by a highspeed
impact or a force to a blood source such as that
produced by gunshot; velocity may be 100ft/sec,
generally forming drops less than or equal to
1mm
Impact Pattern
bloodstain pattern created when blood recieves a
blow or force resulting in the random disperse of
smaller drops of blood
Impact Site
the point where force meets a blood source
Low-velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS)
a bloodstain pattern caused by a low-speed impact
or force to a blood source; velocity may be up to
about 5ft/sec with drop size of 4 to 6mm
Medium-velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS)
a bloodstain pattern caused by a medium-speed
impact or force to a blood source; a beating or
stabbing typically causes this type of spatter, and
velocity may be about 25ft/sec with a stain
generally of 1 to 4mm
Misting
blood that has been reduced to a fine spray as a
result of the energy or force applied to it
Parent Drop
a drop of blood that casts off a wave or satellite
spatter
Passive Drop (bleeding)
bloodstain drop(s) created or formed by the force
of gravity acting alone
Point (area) of Convergence
the common point (area), on a two dimensional
surface, over which the directionality of several
blood drops can be retraced
Point (area) of Origin
the common point (area), in a three dimensional
space, to which the trajectories of several blood
drops can be replaced
Projected Blood Pattern
a bloodstain pattern produced by blood released
under pressure, such as arterial spurting, as
opposed to an impact
Satellite Spatter
small droplets of blood distributed around a drop
or pool of blood as a result of the blood hitting the
target surface
Spatter
blood that has been dispersed as a result of force
applied to it's source; the pattern will vary
depending on the force that created it
Spine
the pointed or elongated stains that radiate from
the central area of a bloodstain
Swipe Pattern
the transfer of blood from a moving source onto
an unstained surface; the direction of travel may
be determined by the feathered edge
Target
the surface on which blood has been deposited
Transfer or Contact Pattern
a bloodstain pattern created when a wet, bloody
surface comes in contact with a second surface; a
recognizable image of all or a portion of the
original surface may be observed in the pattern
Void
an absence of stains in an otherwise continuous
bloodstain pattern, like a reverse shadow
Wipe Pattern
a bloodstain pattern created when an object
moves through an existing stain, removing it or
changing its appearance