For submission to Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Simultaneous trace determination of triclosan and its degradation products in wastewater and
sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Tohidi Fatemeh, Zongwei Cai *
State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist
University, Hong Kong SAR, China
F. Tohidi,
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Email: rtowhidi@yahoo.com, +852-67080875
Z. Cai ()
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Email: zwcai@hkbu.edu.hk, phone: +852-93153160, fax 34117348
1
Table 1S Sampling scheme from three wastewater treatment plants
Sampling site
Stonecutters Island
(S.C.) WWTP
Cheung Chau Island
(C.C.) WWTP
Sha Tin
(S.T.) WWTP
Treatment
Wastewater
Sample type
Sludge
Chemically enhanced
primary treatment
Dewatering
Primary treatment
Aerobic
digestion,
dewatering
Activated sludge
treatment
Mesophilic
anaerobic
digestion,
dewatering
2
Wastewater
Sludge
1-Raw sewage
2- Primary chemical
sedimentation
3-Effluent (after
chlorination)
1-Primary
Sludge
2-Dewatered
sludge
1-Raw sewage
2-Effluent (primary
sedimentation)
1-Raw sewage
2-Primary sedimentation
3- Secondary
sedimentation
4-Effluent (after uv
disinfection)
1-Primary
Sludge
2-Dewatered
sludge
1-Primary
sludge
2-Secondary
sludge
3-Dewatered
sludge
Table 2S Plants specifications
TSS
BOD
TN
TP
removal (%)
removal (%)
removal (%)
removal (%)
C.C.
70
30
15
10
S.C.
80
60
45
60
S.T.
90
85
80
50
WWTP
3
Table 3S Plants wastewater quality during sampling period. Data are obtained from 24-hr composite samples
WWTP
BOD5(mg/l)
influent, dry
seasona
BOD5(mg/l)
effluent, dry
season
BOD5(mg/l)
influent, wet
season
BOD5(mg/l)
effluent, wet
season
TSS(mg/l)
influent, dry
seasonb
TSS(mg/l)
effluent, dry
season
TSS(mg/l)
influent, wet
season
TSS(mg/l)
effluent, wet
season
C.C.
166
74
104
62
177
47
95
42
S.C.
230
70
188
56
200
43
180
45
S.T.
200
15
140
10
166
10
116
9
a, b: The averaged BOD5 and TSS were used due to the little difference between two sampling events in the same season.
4
Table 4S Mean recoveries (in percentage, n=3) of the target compounds using C18, HLB and silica column for
wastewater treatment
Mean recoveries
Compound
pH 3
pH 5
pH 7
pH 9
-
C18
HLB
C18
HLB
C18
HLB
C18
HLB
Silica
TCS
82±2
97±3
81±3
96±2
80±5
85±1
70±5
75±2
95±6
2,4-DCP
81±3
87±7
78±5
87±4
72±3
82±2
62±6
71±3
88±4
2,8-DCDD
39±2
44±3
37±5
53±7
41±3
50±4
42±2
34±4
87±5
MTCS
80±7
95±2
82±4
95±4
80±3
93±2
78±4
90±1
93±4
TCS-d3
80±3
98±2
81±7
97±2
77±3
88±4
70±3
72±5
96±3
5
Table 5S Mean recoveries (in percentage, n=3) of the target compounds using different solvents for ASE
Mean recoveries
Compound
DCM
Toluene
EA
TCS
93±4
85±5
89±3
2,4-DCP
90±3
78±5
93±3
2,8-DCDD
80±2
86±5
72±2
MTCS
87±1
82±4
85±3
TCS-d3
90±6
81±2
86±4
6
Table 6S Mean recoveries (in percentage, n=3) of the target compounds using silica column for sludge cleanup
Mean recoveries
Compound
Activated silica
Plain silica
5% w/w deactivated silica
TCS
72±8
85±6
93±4
2,4-DCP
44±7
76±3
89±5
2,8-DCDD
86±5
83±2
82±7
MTCS
90±5
92±4
92±3
TCS-d3
70±4
81±7
90±3
7