UCMUN
XV
Delegate Preparation Guide
UCMUN 2013
15th Annual
November 14-16, 2013
University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus
The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Letter from the Secretary-General
UCMUN Philosophy and History
Conference Schedule
2013 UConn Model United Nations Staff
Committees and Topics
Delegate Standards of Conduct
Parliamentary Procedure Quick Reference
Rules of Parliamentary Procedure
What is a Working Paper?
What is a Resolution?
Preambulatory and Operative Clauses
Working Paper Template
Resolution Template
Tips for the Conference
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Dear Delegates,
It is with honor that I welcome you to the fifteenth annual University of Connecticut Model
United Nations (UCMUN) conference. Model United Nations is a wonderful program that allows
you to immerse yourself in world events and try to solve real-life problems in group situations. I am
so happy that you’ve chosen to attend. Over the course of the next three days, you’ll learn many
valuable skills that will allow you to work with diverse groups of people in your future endeavors.
My hope is that you recognize the importance of international cooperation and decision-making and
take part in a much wider mission of understanding our neighbors throughout the world.
During the conference, remember to fully immerse yourself into your country’s position and
put aside your personal beliefs. Be sure to both challenge and listen to your peers who can share
their own diverse beliefs. Carry this knowledge with you after the conference; you’ll be surprised at
what you can learn from other people.
Just as you have prepared for this event, the UCMUN staff members have been working
since November of 2012 to put together the conference. Please take advantage of the research our
staff members have done: ask questions and challenge them! While it is easy to see the work that
the Directors and Assistant Directors have done on the Background Guides and Update Papers, our
entire staff has worked tirelessly to provide you with the best possible learning experience.
We pride ourselves on calling UCMUN a learning conference. We have many resources
available to help you become the best delegate you can be. Our Learning Center is a place you can
go to do research, ask questions, and build your country’s position. Ultimately, we are all here to
learn about global problems and to try to come up with some great, collaborative solutions.
This conference has been one of the most rewarding experiences in my life. I am honored
to serve as Secretary-General during my last year at UConn. This experience has taught me more
than any classroom ever could. It takes organization, determination, and at times a sense of humor
to be a effective member in this group. There is more to UCMUN than just sitting in a room and
debating international topics. We hope that the debates in committee pique your interests and
passions. I hope that you take these discussions and topics to heart and are then inspired to create
social change in your local communities.
Peace, Love, and UCMUN,
Alexandra Buda
Secretary-General
UConn Model United Nations XV
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
UCMUN PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY
UCMUN MISSION STATEMENT
The UConn Model United Nations (UCMUN) Conference seeks to foster international
awareness through the process of simulation. The conference shall serve to provide an open forum
where educational, stimulating, and enjoyable discussion of global issues can take place. UCMUN
and its staff aspire to guide students toward understanding the value of cooperation, diversity, and
compromise, all of which are invaluable tools in shaping lives beyond the conference. UCMUN
promotes a comfortable yet professional atmosphere for new delegates, while offering challenging
committees for seasoned delegates. Realistic committee simulation offers delegates an opportunity
to gain confidence in public speaking, negotiation, writing, and teamwork while encouraging
students to be active, compassionate leaders.
UCMUN HISTORY
Founded in 1999, the 2013 UConn Model United Nations will be the 15th annual conference
at the University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus. Beginning in April 1999, a group of students from
the UConn International Relations Association began exploring the possibility of instituting a high
school Model United Nations conference at the University. Before the semester’s end, the group
officially formed a student organization known as UCMUN, whose sole purpose is to produce a
high school Model United Nations conference for young aspiring minds. Over the last two years,
UCMUN has grown tremendously. In 2011, over 250 delegates attended and in 2012 over 300
delegates from across the Northeast arrived on the Storrs campus ready to debate. This year,
UCMUN is excited for a bigger and better conference for 2013!
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE
Thursday, November 8th, 2013
3:00 pm – 5:00 pm
4:00 pm – 5:00 pm
 4:00 pm – 4:20 pm
 4:30 pm – 5:00 pm
5:00 pm – 6:00 pm
6:00 pm – 7:00 pm
7:15 pm – 10:00 pm
11:00 pm
Registration
Training Workshops
Resolution Writing
Parliamentary Procedure
Advanced Procedure
Dinner Break
Opening Ceremonies
Committee Session I
Delegate Curfew
Friday, November 9th, 2013
8:30 am – 12:00 pm
12:00 pm – 1:00 pm
1:00 pm – 3:30 pm
3:30 pm – 4:00 pm
4:00 pm – 6:00 pm
6:00 pm – 8:00 pm
8:00 pm – 10:00 pm
11:00 pm
Committee Session II
Lunch Break
Committee Session III
Guest Speaker
Committee Session IV
Dinner Break
Delegate Dance
Delegate Curfew
Saturday, November 10th, 2013
8:00 am – 9:00 am
9:15 am – 1:00 pm
1:00 pm – 1:30 pm
1:45 pm – 3:45 pm
4:00 pm – 5:00 pm
Breakfast at the Nathan Hale Inn
Committee Session V
Lunch
Committee Session VI
Closing Ceremonies
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
THE 2013 UCONN MODEL UNITED NATIONS STAFF
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
SECRETARY-GENERAL
Alexandra Buda
DIRECTOR-GENERAL
Emilie Meguid
CONFERENCE DIRECTOR
Shehrezad Haroon
CHIEF OF STAFF
Aaron Goldstein
CHIEF OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS
Emily Block
DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATION
Meiling Kry
DIRECTORS OF EDUCATION
Elise Ursin & Jack Zachary
DIRECTOR OF PRESS CORPS
Charlotte Kenyon
COMMUNITY OUTREACH COORDINATORS
Courtney Barno & Linette Duluc
DIRECTOR OF SECURITY
Christopher Varanelli
SUBSTANTIVE DIRECTORS, TOPIC SPECIALISTS, & ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
SECURITY COUNCIL (SC)
DIRECTOR: CHRISTINA BARONE
TOPIC SPECIALIST: JUANITA AUSTIN
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: GULRUKH HAROON & TYLER LEMOINE
COMMISSION ON CRIME PREVENTION + CRIMINAL JUSTICE (CCPCJ)
DIRECTOR: GARRETT CONNOLLY
TOPIC SPECIALIST: KELLY SHEEHAN
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: JEHANZEB KAYANI & DAYNA CHUCTA
COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN (CSW)
DIRECTOR: LISA VICKERS
TOPIC SPECIALIST: CARLEY WETED
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: KATIE CAVANAUGH & MAYE HENNING
COUNTER TERRORISM (CTC)
DIRECTOR: CHRISTOPHER BAKER
TOPIC SPECIALIST: ADAM WISNESKY
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: ASHWINI JOSHI & KYLE MARGISON
DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY (DISEC)
DIRECTOR: KEVIN SMITH
TOPIC SPECIALIST: NELLIE BINDER
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: RASHI ROY & ADISBEL RAMIREZ
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO)
CO-DIRECTORS: ANTHONY TYSON & TARIF BROWN
TOPIC SPECIALIST: MELISSA REID
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: KRISTINA PETRUFF & EDGAR ORTIZ
U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (HRC)
DIRECTOR: APEKSHA SHAH
TOPIC SPECIALIST: MARISSA SCHLEMER
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: BRANDON YOHO & JULIA LOW
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ)
DIRECTOR: MATTHEW KOSIOR
TOPIC SPECIALIST: MARIUM MAJID
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: JOHN DOUGHERTY & RYAN NORTON
SPECIAL POLITICAL AND DECOLONIZATION (SPECPOL)
DIRECTOR: JOHN MEYERS
TOPIC SPECIALIST: LAKIESHA BRISETT
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: PHILIP MENDARD & CASEY WOOD
JOINT U.N. PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
DIRECTOR: ABIGAIL ZEINER
TOPIC SPECIALIST: CHINONYE OTONYE
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: MACKENZIE GERMAIN & PAULA DASILVA
U.N. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMME (UNEP)
DIRECTOR: FARAH GAZI
TOPIC SPECIALIST: ADAM WALSH
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: ROFINA JOHNKENNEDY & MATTHEW KREN
U.N. EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
DIRECTOR: LIOR TRESTMAN
TOPIC SPECIALIST: KAMIL JABLONOWSKI
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: BRIANNA DEVIVO & CHENLU YU
U.N. INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)
DIRECTOR: SHAELLE ETIENNE
TOPIC SPECIALIST: ALESSIA DEGRAZIA
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: ALYSSA KOWOLENKO & MEGAN RUGAR
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
DIRECTOR: KASSIE KAPPOCK
TOPIC SPECIALIST: SEBASTIAN CHAMORRO
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: MIWAND HUSSAINI & CHRISTOPHER GUAY
ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF
SECURITY
STAFF
PRESS CORPS
STAFF
Cailin McHugh-Roohr
Kylie Moyle
Kevin Saythany
James Bero
Ali Rice
Yucheng Zhang
Sydnie Kremidas
Jaime Duncan
Andrew Carroll
Taylor Litchfield
Brendan Leonard-Pasley
Steven Delpilar
Elizabeth Rider
Salonie Dave
Phillip Hnatowicz
Blake Giosa
Castella Copeland
Konner Filchak
Jacob Najarian
Logan Sloan
Mubera Becirovic
Amy Tournquist
Qianjiao Lei
Giovanni Sap
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
COMMITTEES AND TOPICS
SECURITY COUNCIL (SC)
Topic A: Burmese Human Rights Violations
Topic B: North Korea Nuclear Weapon Program since 2012
COMMISSION ON CRIME PREVENTION + CRIMINAL JUSTICE (CCPCJ)
Topic A: Human Trafficking
Topic B: Drug Prevention, Treatment and Care
COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN (CSW)
Topic A: Violence Against Women in the Developing World
Topic B: Global Gender Economic Equality
COUNTER TERRORISM (CTC)
Topic A: Supply of Aid and Arms to Terrorist Groups
Topic B: Mexican Drug Cartels
DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY (DISEC)
Topic A: Creation of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Middle East
Topic B: Militarization of Space
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO)
Topic A: Child Labor
Topic B: Youth Employment
U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (HRC)
Topic A: Update on Education in Emergency Situation
Topic B: Enforced Disappearance
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ)
Topic A: Syrian Intervention
Topic B: Genocide in Darfur
SPECIAL POLITICAL AND DECOLONIZATION (SPECPOL)
Topic A: Kosovo: Culminating Independence
Topic B: Human Trafficking in Newly Independent States
JOINT U.N. PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Topic A: Treatment and Prevention of HIV/AIDS
Topic B: Stigma and Discrimination Against those Infected with HIV/AIDS
U.N. ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP)
Topic A: Implications of Electronic Waste
Topic B: Reducing Mercury Emissions
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
U.N. EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
Topic A: Technology Enhanced Learning In Developing Regions
Topic B: Improving Women’s Rights in the Middle East Through Curricula
U.N. INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)
Topic A: Child Trafficking
Topic B: Street Children
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
Topic A: Malaria
Topic B: Reproductive Health
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
DELEGATE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
UCMUN seeks to form an environment where students may explore and understand the value of
cooperation, diversity, diplomacy, and compromise through simulating the United Nations. In order to
maintain the integrity of the conference, the respect of all conference participants, and to remain both
educational and exciting, students attending the conference must adhere to the following code of conduct.
UCMUN does not tolerate reckless, irresponsible, rude, or immature behavior. Students, their legal parents or
guardians, as well as Faculty Advisors, ought to review the conference rules in the Delegate Standards of
Conduct before students arrive at conference facilities.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
Faculty Advisors
I. Faculty Advisors are in loco parentis and will accept full legal and financial responsibility for the
conduct of their delegates throughout the Conference. This responsibility includes damage to either
hotel or UConn property committed actively or negligently by conference participants. Faculty
advisors will also assume full legal and financial responsibility for the health and safety of their
delegates through the duration of the Conference.
Appearance and Attire
I. Delegates are required to wear Western Business Attire to all conference events.
II. Men will wear a suit or a jacket and dress pants, with a dress shirt and tie.
III. Women will wear either a dress, suit, dress pants, or skirt with a blouse or sweater. Skirts must
remain a professional length, which means it must not be shorter than 3 inches above the knee.
Stomachs and shoulders must remain covered through the duration of the conference.
IV. Jeans, t-shirts, tank tops, sweat shirts, baseball caps, sneakers, “UGGs”, leggings, and sandals are
prohibited.
V. All delegates must be dressed in appropriate Western Business Attire in order to participate in
conference events. Those deemed inappropriately dressed by members of UCMUN staff will be
asked to change attire before being allowed to return to committee.
Conference Badges and Placards
I. Delegates must wear their official conference badges at all conference events and within the Nathan
Hale Inn/Best Western throughout the duration of the conference.
II. Conference badges may not be altered, defaced, decorated, forged, or tampered with in any means.
III. Trading, borrowing, or lending badges amongst delegates is prohibited.
IV. Delegates will be charged for the replacement of lost or damaged badges. All badges must be
replaced through UCMUN.
V. Delegates will be charged for the replacement of lost placards.
Rules Concerning Photography
I. Photographs may be taken throughout the conference for use on the UCMUN website or in the
newspaper.
II. If a student does not wish to be photographed, they may submit a request to the Secretariat at the
start of the conference.
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
Conference Behavior
I.
Delegates are expected to behave in a civil and dignified manner at all times during the conference.
II.
Delegates are expected to attend all conference events, unless they have received excusal from their
respective Faculty Advisor or a member of the UCMUN Secretariat.
III.
Delegates are required to turn off all cellular telephones and electronic devices when attending
conference events.
IV.
Delegates are expected to respect all UCMUN staff members, speakers, and their fellow delegates.
Concerning the Hotel
I.
Delegates are required to be in their assigned hotel rooms by and after all curfews. Following
curfew, co-ed rooms and movement between rooms is prohibited.
II.
Any room switching must be done through the front desk of the Nathan Hale Inn or Best Western
III.
Delegates not staying at the Nathan Hale Inn or Best Western must have a Faculty Advisor that
assumes full legal responsibility for the conduct of the delegates.
Alcohol and Illegal Possessions
I.
Delegates are prohibited from consuming alcohol or any illegal substances.
II.
Any delegate found or suspected of being under the influence or in possession of any alcohol or
illegal substance at any time during the conference will be immediately expelled from the
conference.
III.
Responsible Faculty Advisors will be notified of such behavior immediately, as will the
administration of the respective schools of such delegates.
IV.
Violators will also be subject to the full penalties of applicable federal, state, and/or local laws and
ordinances.
The UCMUN staff, at the discretion of the Secretary-General, reserves the right to dismiss any
delegate or school from the conference for inappropriate or illegal conduct.
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE
Motion or Point
Speakers
Vote Required
Order the agenda
Reorder the agenda
2 for/ 2 against Simple Majority
1 for/ 1 against Simple Majority
Suspend the meeting
None
Simple Majority
Adjourn the meeting
None
Simple Majority
Adjourn debate
2 for/ 2 against Simple Majority
Close debate
2 against
2/3 vote
Change the speaking time
None
Simple Majority
Close the speaker’s list
1 for/ 1 against Simple Majority
Reopen the speaker’s list
1 for/ 1 against Simple Majority
Point of order
None
Discretion of the Chair
Point of personal privilege
None
Discretion of the Chair
Point of parliamentary inquiry None
Discretion of the Chair
Right of reply
Roll call vote
None
None
Discretion of the Chair
1/10 vote
Division of the question
2 for/ 2 against Simple Majority
Reorder proposals
None
Simple Majority
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The 2013 University of Connecticut Model United Nations Conference
Delegate Prep Guide
RULES OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE
I. SESSIONS
RULE 1: Date and Place of Meeting
The UConn Model United Nations (UCMUN) 2013 shall meet in regular session commencing on
Thursday, November 8th and closing on Saturday, November 10th at the University of Connecticut.
II. AGENDA
RULE 2: Provisional Agenda
The provisional agenda for a regular session shall be drawn up by the Secretary-General and
communicated to the Members of the United Nations at least thirty (30) days before the opening of the
session.
RULE 3: Additional Items
Additional items of an important and urgent character, proposed for inclusion in the agenda less than
thirty (30) days before the opening of a regular session or during a regular session, may be placed on the
agenda at the discretion of the Secretary-General.
RULE 4: Approval of the Agenda
At each session the provisional agenda shall be submitted to the committee for approval as soon as
possible after the opening of the session.
RULE 5: Ordering the Agenda
A procedural motion to order the agenda shall be in order immediately following the opening of the
session. Debate on the ordering of items in the agenda shall consist of at least two speakers in favor of and
two against to be heard by the committee. Debate on the setting of the agenda is then closed and the agenda
shall be voted upon immediately. If the motion receives a majority of the members present and voting, the
agenda shall be accepted as proposed. If the motion fails to receive a majority of the Members present and
voting, the agenda shall be considered adopted in the reverse order.
RULE 6: Reordering the Agenda
After an agenda has been adopted by the committee, no change can be made in it except by a motion to
reconsider with two speakers opposing and a two-thirds vote.
III. DELEGATIONS
RULE 7: Composition
The delegation of a Member nation-state shall consist of not more than one representative in a given
committee.
RULE 8: Submission of Credentials
The credentials of representatives and names of members of a delegation shall be submitted to the
Secretary-General if possible not less than one week before the date fixed for the opening of the session.
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Delegate Prep Guide
IV. OFFICERS OF THE COMMITTEE
RULE 9: General Powers of the Chairperson
In addition to exercising the powers which are conferred upon him or her elsewhere by these rules,
the Chairperson shall declare the opening and closing of each meeting of the session, shall direct the
discussion in plenary meeting, ensure observance of these rules, accord the right to speak, put questions and
announce decisions. He or she shall rule on points of order, and, subject to these rules, shall have complete
control of the proceedings at any meeting and over the maintenance of order thereat. The Chairperson may,
in the course of the discussion of any item, propose to the General Assembly the limitation of the time to be
allowed to speakers, the closure of the list of speakers or the closure of the debate, the suspension or
adjournment of the meeting or the adjournment of the debate on the item under discussion.
V. SECRETARIAT
RULE 10: Duties of the Secretary-General
The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, its
committees and sub-committees. He or she may designate a member of the staff to act in his or her place at
these meetings.
RULE 11: Statements by the Secretariat
The Secretary-General, or a member of the Secretariat designated by him or her as his/her
representative, may at any time, make either oral or written statements to any body of the United Nations
concerning any question under consideration by it.
VI. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
RULE 12: Official and Working Languages
English shall be the official language of the UConn Model United Nations conference.
RULE 13: Interpretation from Other Languages
Any representative may make a speech in a language other than the official language. In this case, he
or she shall him/herself provide for interpretation into the official language. The time of both speech and
subsequent interpretation shall be deducted from the speaker’s time.
RULE 14: Use of Electronic Devices
Representatives may not use electronic devices during committee session. Laptops are strictly
forbidden from use during the conference and cellular phones are only permitted outside of committee
sessions. Staff of the UConn Model United Nations conference reserves the right to request that delegates
turn off or put away such devices and will report continued use to faculty advisers.
RULE 15: Invitation to Silent Prayer or Meditation
Immediately after the opening of the first plenary meeting and immediately preceding the closing of
the final plenary meeting of each session, the Secretary-General shall invite the representatives to observe one
minute of silence dedicated to prayer or meditation.
RULE 16: Emergency Special Sessions
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other rule and unless the Secretariat decides otherwise, a
committee, in case of an emergency special session, shall convene in plenary session only and proceed directly
to consider the item proposed for consideration in the request for the holding of session.
RULE 17: Quorum
A majority of the Members of the committee shall constitute a quorum.
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Delegate Prep Guide
RULE 18: Statements by Representatives
No representative may address the committee without having previously obtained the permission of
the Chairperson. The Chairperson shall call upon speakers in the order in which they signify their desire to
speak. The Chairperson may call a speaker to order if his or her remarks are not relevant to the subject under
discussion.
RULE 19: Points of Order
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may rise to a point of order, and a point of
order shall be immediately decided by the Chair in accordance with the rules of procedure. A representative
may appeal against the ruling of the Chair on procedural matters. The appeal shall be considered by the chair
and only further appealed if presented to the Secretary-General or Director-General and the appeal is ruled
valid. A representative rising to a point of order may not speak on the substance of the matter under
discussion.
RULE 20: Point of Parliamentary Inquiry
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may rise to a point of parliamentary inquiry to
seek clarification or explanation of the rules of procedure. A point of parliamentary inquiry may not interrupt
a speaker.
RULE 21: Point of Personal Privilege
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may rise to a point of personal privilege if he or
she finds him or herself unable to fully participate in the proceedings. Subject to the discretion of the Chair,
every reasonable effort will be made to accommodate the delegate. If necessary, a point of personal privilege
may interrupt a speaker.
RULE 22: Appeals
Subject to the rules of procedure, a representative may appeal any discretionary ruling of the
Chairperson. The Chairperson shall maintain the opportunity to explain his or her ruling and the appeal shall
not be subject to debate. The decision of the Chair shall remain unless the matter is brought to the SecretaryGeneral or Director-General and the appeal is ruled valid.
RULE 23: Right of Reply
If a Member feels his personal integrity or national integrity has been impugned by another Member
nation, he or she may request a right of reply. All rights of reply must be submitted in writing and shall be
granted at the discretion of the Chair. A representative may not interrupt a speaker with a right of reply.
RULE 24: Time Limit on Speeches
The committee may limit the time to be allowed to each speaker. Such a limit shall be no fewer than
45 seconds and no more than 2 minutes. When a representative has spoken his or her allotted time, the
Chairperson shall call him or her to order without delay. Motions to set the speaker’s time shall not be
debatable but shall be put to an immediate vote and are subject to the discretion of the Chair.
RULE 25: Number of Yields
A Member may yield only once during speaking time granted by the chair while following the
speakers list. A Member, who has been yielded to, may not further yield. Member nations may not yield
speaking time during other forms of debate.
RULE 26: Yields to Member Nations
At any point during his or her remarks, a representative may express his or her desire to yield the
remainder of his or her time to a representative of a different Member nation. This yield will be directed
through the chair; if the other Member accepts the yield, then the representative will have the remainder of
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Delegate Prep Guide
the pervious speaker’s time. A representative from a Member nation who has been yielded to may not yield
his or her time to another Member nation or to questions.
RULE 27: Accepting Questions from the Floor
At any point during his or her remarks, a representative may express his or her desire to yield the
remainder of his or her time to questions. Questions will be directed through the Chair to the speaker and
only the time used by the representative to answer the question will be deducted from the speaker’s time.
Comment – Questions addressed to the speaker shall relate directly to the substantive issue under
discussion, requesting elucidation or clarification of a point made or a position taken by the speaker. The
Member asking a question of the speaker may not engage the speaker in debate, but rather must phrase his or
her point in the form of a question. The speaker may at any time decide to conclude his or her remarks and
answers, notwithstanding that a question may remain unanswered.
RULE 28: Yields to the Chair
If a speaker concludes his or her remarks before his or her time has expired and fails to yield, the
remainder of the time is absorbed by the Chair.
RULE 28: Moderated Caucus
During debate, should the need arise to focus on a single issue raised in debate, the delegate can
motion for a moderated caucus. The motion must include:
a) The subject for consideration
b) The duration of the caucus
c) The designated speaking time
Should the motion be deemed appropriate by the Chair, it will pass on the basis of a simple majority.
During this time the Chair, at their discretion, will recognize delegations rather than using the Speaker’s
List. Delegates may remain seated during the caucus.
RULE 29: Unmoderated Caucus
When appropriate, a delegate may motion for an unmoderated caucus. It is up to the Chair’s
discretion to determine the propriety of this motion. During unmoderated caucuses, the rules of formal
debate are suspended, and delegates may discuss and move freely amongst themselves. Motions for
unmoderated caucuses must include their duration, which may not exceed twenty minutes.
Comment: The primary goal of such caucuses is to develop ideas that may be used in working
papers and resolutions. Though the Chair is not directly supervising the discussion, it is their
responsibility to maintain decorum so that other committees are not disturbed.
RULE 30: Closing a List of Speakers
During the course of a debate, a representative may move to close the list of speakers. This shall be
debatable to the extent of one speaker for and one speaker against closure and shall be put to an immediate
vote. If the list of speakers remains closed, immediately following the remarks of the final speaker, debate
shall be closed on the subject and all proposals on the floor shall be put to a vote.
RULE 31: Reopening the List of Speakers
During the course of a debate, if the list of speakers is closed, a representative may move to reopen
the speaker’s list at any time before the final speaker begins his or her remarks. The reopening of the list shall
be debatable to the extent of one for and one against and shall be put to an immediate vote.
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RULE 32: Adjournment of Debate
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may move the adjournment of the debate on the time
under discussion. Two representatives may speak against the motion, after which the motion shall be
immediately put to a vote with a two-thirds majority needed for the motion to pass. The Chair may limit the
time to be allowed to speakers under this rule.
Comment – Adjournment of debate is used to end discussion of a topic area. Adjournment of debate is
sometimes referred to as “tabling” debate on the topic area. When debate is adjourned, the resolution(s) and
amendment(s) under that topic area are not voted on. A topic area that has been adjourned may only be
reconsidered in accordance with Rule 42.
RULE 33: Closure of Debate
A representative may at any time move the closure of the debate on the item under discussion, whether or
not any other representative has signified his wish to speak. Permission to speak on the closure of debate
shall be accorded to two speakers opposing the closure, after which the motion shall be immediately put to
the vote. If two-thirds of the committee is in favor of the closure, the Chair shall declare the closure of
debate. The Chair may limit the time to be allowed to speakers under this rule.
Comment – Closure of debate is used to end discussion of a topic area. This is different from a motion to
exhaust the speaker’s list. When debate is closed, the committee must move to an immediate vote on the
resolution(s) and amendment(s) under the topic area. The speakers’ list will be discarded following passage of
a motion to close debate. The speakers’ list will not be carried over for other substantive or procedural
debate.
RULE 34: Suspension of the Meeting
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may move the suspension of the meeting. The
representative shall explain the length and purpose of the recess, and subject to the discretion of the Chair,
the motion shall be immediately put to the vote. The decision of the chair is not subject to appeal.
Comment – Suspension of the meeting is used for caucusing, meal breaks, and the evening break. Normally, a
suspension of the meeting for the purpose of caucusing should not exceed twenty minutes. When the motion
to suspend the meeting is made, the Chairperson may suggest a different time period for the suspension. A
simple majority is required to pass a motion to suspend the meeting. Sometimes referred to as a “motion to
recess” or motion for an unmoderated caucus”.
RULE 35: Adjournment of the Meeting
During the discussion of any matter, a representative may move the adjournment of the meeting. This motion
shall only be in order during the final session and is subject to the discretion of the Chair. The decision of the
Chair is not subject to appeal. The motion to adjourn shall not be subject to debate, but shall be immediately
put to the vote.
Comment – This is a procedural motion and requires the approval of the Chairperson.
RULE 36: Order of Procedural Motions
The following motions shall have precedence in the following order over all other proposals or motions
before the meeting:
(a) To suspend the meeting; (Rule 34)
(b) To adjourn the meeting; (Rule 34)
(c) To adjourn the debate on the item under discussion; (Rule 32)
(d) For the closure of the debate on the item under discussion. (Rule 33)
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RULE 37: Resolution
Resolutions shall normally be introduced in writing and handed to the Chair, who shall, at his or her
discretion circulate copies to the delegations. As a general rule, no proposal shall be discussed or put to the
vote at any meeting unless copies of it have been circulated. No resolution shall be circulated without
approval of the Chair.
RULE 38: Amendments
Amendments shall be introduced in writing and submitted to the Chair, who shall, at his or her discretion
circulate copies to the delegations. Amendments may add, delete or modify any operative clause provided the
amended resolution maintains at least one original operative clause intact and provided they do not contradict
other operatives within the resolution. No amendment shall modify a perambulatory clause or a sub-clause.
RULE 39: Sponsorship
Resolutions and amendments submitted to the Chair for approval shall maintain a list of sponsors in English
alphabetical order. Sponsorship of a resolution or amendment indicates support of the ideas contained within
the resolution. Members may be added or removed from the list of sponsors at any time. If at any time a
resolution or amendment is without sponsorship, it shall be considered withdrawn.
RULE 40: Signatories
Prior to the submission to the Chair, resolutions and amendments shall require a list of Members indicating
their desire to see the proposal brought before the committee. Such a list shall be no less than one-fifth of the
membership for a resolution and one-tenth of the membership of the committee for an amendment.
RULE 41: Withdrawal of Motions
A motion or proposal may be withdrawn by its sponsors at any time before voting on it has commenced,
provided that the motion or proposal has not been amended. A motion or proposal that has thus been
withdrawn may be reintroduced by any Member.
Comment – In order to withdraw a resolution or an amendment, all sponsors must agree to the withdrawal.
RULE 42: Reconsideration of Proposals
When a proposal has been adopted or rejected it may not be reconsidered at the same session unless the
committee, by a two-thirds majority of the Members present and voting, so decides. Permission to speak on a
motion to reconsider shall be accorded only to two speakers opposing the motion, after which it shall be
immediately put to the vote.
Comment – This rule may be used to reconsider specific resolutions upon which an actual vote has been
taken or entire topic areas upon which debate was adjourned. It may not be used to reconsider entire topic
areas upon which debate was closed and a vote was taken on the resolution(s) and amendment(s). As a
practical matter, a motion to reconsider a resolution should be made only by a Member who voted with the
originally prevailing side.
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VII. VOTING
RULE 43: Voting Rights
Each Member State shall have one vote.
RULE 44: Simple Majority
Decisions of the committee on questions other than those provided for in rule 45, including the
determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a
majority of the Members present and voting.
Comment – If a vote is equally divided, the motion, resolution, or amendment fails.
RULE 45: Important Questions
Decisions of the committee on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the Members
present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of
international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the
election of the Members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship
Council, the admission of new Members of the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of
membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the Trusteeship System, and
budgetary questions.
RULE 46: Meaning of the Expression “Members Present and Voting”
For the purpose of these rules, the phrase “Members present and voting” means Members casting an
affirmative or negative vote. Members which abstain from voting are considered as not voting.
Comment – Abstentions will not be called for in procedural votes.
RULE 47: Method of Voting
The committees of the United Nations shall normally vote by show of placards, but any representative may
request a roll call. The Chair may, at his or her discretion, request a number of seconds equal to one-tenth of
the committee. The roll call shall be taken in the English alphabetical order of the names of the Members,
beginning with the Member whose name is drawn at lot by the Chair. The name of each Member shall be
called in roll-call and one of its representatives shall reply “Yes”, “No”, “Abstention” or “Pass”. Those
Members who pass during the first round shall be called again and must reply either “Yes” or “No”;
Members who pass during the first round may not abstain.
Comment – While abstentions do not count as votes for purposes of determining majority, Members
abstaining from a vote may request the right to explain their abstention, provided that they were not the
sponsor of the resolution or amendment. Roll-call votes may not be taken on procedural motions.
Only the P5 or Permanent Five members of the Security Council have the right to veto. The veto does not
apply to procedural votes, which is significant in that the Security Council's permanent membership can vote
against a 'procedural' draft resolution, without necessarily blocking its adoption by the Council. The veto is
exercised when any permanent member casts a "negative" vote on a 'substantive' draft
resolution. Abstention, or absence from the vote by a permanent member does not prevent a draft resolution
from being adopted.
RULE 48: Decisions on Competence
Any motion calling for a decision on the competence of the committee to adopt a proposal submitted to it
shall be put to the vote before a vote is take on the proposal in question.
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Comment – The Secretary-General has approved the competence of each committee to discuss the topic
areas included in the provisional agenda. This rule serves to prevent the exercise of power reserved
exclusively for the Security Council by the General Assembly. In this vote, an affirmative vote indicates that
the body is NOT competent to pass the proposal and vice versa.
RULE 49: Conduct during Voting
After the Chairperson has announced the beginning of voting, no representative shall interrupt the voting
except on a point of order in connection with the actual conduct of the voting. The Chairperson may permit
Members to explain their votes after the vote is taken. The Chairperson may limit the time to be allowed for
such explanations. The Chair shall not permit the sponsor of a proposal or of an amendment to explain his or
her vote on his or her own proposal or amendment.
Comment – During a vote, representatives should maintain proper decorum; no caucusing should take place,
no notes should be passed, and no representatives should enter or leave the room.
RULE 50: Division of Proposals and Amendments
A representative may move that parts of a proposal or of an amendment shall be voted on separately. If
objection is made to the request for division, the motion for division shall be voted upon. Permission to
speak on the motion for division shall be given only to two speakers in favor and two speakers against. If the
motion for division is carried, those parts of the proposal or of the amendment which are subsequently
approved shall be put to the vote as a whole. If all operative parts of the proposal or of the amendment have
been rejected, the proposal or the amendment shall be considered to have been rejected as a whole.
Comment – This action consists of three stages, one procedural and two substantive:
(1) The vote on whether the resolution or amendment will be divided at all; this is a
procedural vote;
(2) The vote on each of the divided operative parts; these are substantive votes;
(3) The final vote on all of the accepted parts as a whole; this is a substantive vote.
Preambulatory phrases may not be divided. A motion for division must delineate the placement of each
operative clause. Only clauses that are specified within the resolution or amendment may be divided.
RULE 51: Voting on Amendments
When an amendment is moved to a proposal, the amendment shall be voted on first. When two or more
amendments are moved to a proposal, the committee shall first vote on the amendment furthest removed in
substance from the original proposal and then on the amendment next furthest removed there from, and so
on, until all the amendments have been put to the vote. Where the adoption of one amendment necessarily
implies the rejection of another amendment, the latter amendment shall not be put to the vote. If one or
more amendments are adopted, the amended proposal shall then be voted upon.
Comment – Amendments may be voted upon after debate on the topic area has been closed and immediately
before the vote on the relevant resolution. Preambulatory phrases may not be amended. An amendment may
be taken as friendly if all sponsors agree to it within the resolution. All other amendments must be put to a
vote. The Chairperson shall determine the order of voting on the amendments and when one amendment
implies the rejection of another.
RULE 52: Voting on Proposals
If two or more proposals relate to the same question, the committee shall, unless it decides otherwise, vote on
the proposals in the order in which they have been submitted. The committee may, after each vote on a
proposal, decide whether to vote on the next proposal. Multiple resolutions may be passed on the same topic,
provided they are not contradictory in nature.
Comment—It requires a majority to change the order in which a committee considers resolutions.
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WHAT IS A WORKING PAPER?
Working papers are the first written expression of delegates’ concerns and solutions to the issues at
hand. Even though they are informal by nature, they are essential components of the resolution
process. Delegates will usually compose working papers in small groups or blocs, beginning the
process of compromise that eventually results in a resolution.
Working papers are written in the format delegates think is best suited to spreading their ideas. They
do not require the preambulatory or operative phrases of draft resolutions. Some delegates prefer to
bullet ideas or write in paragraph form, while others prefer to use resolution form. Either is
acceptable. Again, the function of working papers is the spread of ideas in tangible form.
After being written, working papers should be submitted for approval to the Director of the
committee. Upon obtaining the Director’s approval, the working papers will be submitted to the
Administrative staff along with the proper submission form.
When the Director receives the working papers from the Administrative staff, they will be
distributed at the discretion of the Director. The rules of debate are temporarily suspended in order
for copies of the working paper to be distributed and read by all members of the committee when
the Director so chooses. Before the working papers are introduced to committee, however,
delegates may not refer to them as such. Delegates may only refer to working papers during debate
that have not yet been introduced as a “set of ideas”. Once working papers have been distributed
and read by all, debate continues as it was.
WORKING PAPER FORMATTING
HEADING
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The upper left-hand corner of the resolution will have the number of the resolution on the
first line. The numbering system is “Working Paper #.#”, with the first number indicating
the first or second topic, and the second number indicating the order in which working
papers were introduced (ex. Working paper 1.1 is the first topic, first working paper
introduced).
The second line contains the committee name.
On the third line, a list of sponsors should be included in English alphabetical order. (These
are the countries which produced the working paper).
BODY
The substance of the working paper can be in resolution format, or it can be a list of notes and
actions to be taken. There is no specific formatting for a working paper, as it is merely a formal
expression of the groups ideas for a potential resolution, though there is a benefit to it being
organized and cogent. The more organized and neatly compiled your thoughts, the easier it is to
understand, and the more likely it will be taken seriously by others within the committee.
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WHAT IS A RESOLUTION?
A resolution is a more formal solution proposal, usually written after extensive debate and
deliberation on the topics. Effective resolutions must be the product of the compromise of many
nations, not just the ideas of a select few. In essence, a resolution outlines the specific statement that
the committee will make on the topic.
Often the working papers that have been distributed to the committee are combined with the ideas
echoed in formal debate to form the basis of a resolution. Unlike working papers, resolutions are
composed in larger groups attempting to merge the ideas of many nations into one cohesive,
comprehensive solution. Some resolutions combine working papers. Others combine previous draft
resolutions. In either case, a resolution is expected to be the best means in which the committee
addresses the situation before it.
At UCMUN, multiple resolutions may be passed on the same topic provided they are not
contradictory. While the Director of the committee will ultimately decide if resolutions are indeed
contradictory, few committees will pass such resolutions. The passage of multiple resolutions allows
delegates to consider several strategies when devising resolutions. First, delegates can opt for the
comprehensive approach. In this manner, delegates attempt to conceive one resolution that
encompasses the entire breadth of the topic. Another option is that of addressing smaller aspects of
each topic in greater depth. A more narrow resolution may provide greater focus and depth than a
broader resolution that must address the entire topic. If the committee passes several of these types
of resolutions, it may ultimately provide a more extensive solution. Ultimately, though, the type of
resolution depends on the dynamic of the committee, delegates, and the topics.
In the United Nations, the success of a resolution depends on the support it holds within the
committee. To the extent that countries supporting a resolution will be most likely to implement its
principles, a successful resolution will have the support of many delegations. As such, resolutions
should contain the input of many nations. They should be the product of debate, consensus, and
compromise. While nations should never compromise the principles of the nations for the sake of a
resolution, delegates must weigh the need for compromise with the preservation of national
interests. Quality resolutions will discover the solution most agreeable to the most nations.
RESOLUTION FORMATTING
HEADING
 The upper left-hand corner of the resolution will have the number of the resolution on the
first line. The numbering system is “Resolution #.#”, with the first number indicating the
first or second topic, and the second number indicating the order in which resolutions were
introduced. (ex. Resolution 2.3 is the second topic, third resolution introduced. The
resolution number will not necessarily match the number of a corresponding working
paper.)
 The second line contains the committee name, followed by the topic name on the third line.
 On the fourth line, a list of sponsors should be included in English alphabetical order.
(These are the countries which produced the resolution).
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
On the fifth line, a list of signatories should be included in English alphabetical order.
Signatories must be at least 1/5 of the committee. (These are the individuals who would like
to see the resolution introduced in committee.)
BODY
Operative phrases themselves take specific action. They make recommendations for the
international community and the member states. Resolutions can suggest, recommend, or realize.
They cannot, however, demand. Only the Security Council may pass resolutions that demand. A list
of acceptable perambulatory and operative clauses is available below.
A resolution should be written in the form of a long sentence with the following rules:
 The first section consists of preambulatory clauses, which essentially provide a
background for the resolution. (Preambulatory phrases introduce the resolution, usually
recalling history and the circumstances surrounding the resolution. They often refer to past
UN actions and specific documents such as past resolutions, speeches, and treaties.) Each
clause begins with an underlined perambulatory phrase and ends with a comma.
 The next section should be the name of the committee and the organ. Specialized
Agencies use their own names. No punctuation at the end of this line is necessary.
 The final section consists of operative clauses that state the actions to be taken by the
committee. Resolutions can suggest, recommend, or realize. Only the Security Council may
pass resolutions which “demand”. These clauses are numbered and written with present
tense, active verbs. Operative clauses begin with an underlined word and are followed by
semicolons, except the final one, which ends with a period.
 For more detailed specifications on preambulatory and operative clauses, see the
“Preambulatory & Operative Clauses” section of this guide.
AMENDMENTS
Rarely are resolutions perfect in their original form. Often delegates realize that resolutions require
further compromise. Instead of rewriting an entire resolution, delegates have the option of writing
amendments to resolutions. An amendment can do one of three things:
 Add an additional clause. An author of an amendment can add an additional clause to a
resolution. These must be numbered and should be added after the last numbered clause of
the resolution unless otherwise specified.
 Delete a clause. An amendment may also strike a clause of a resolution.
 Modify an existing clause. Amendments may modify a clause, changing the wording, intent,
or both.
Amendments have several limitations:
 Cannot modify a sub-clause.
 Must leave at least one original clause intact.
 Cannot be made to amendments.
Amendments are labeled with three number #.#.#, the first and second numbers being those of
the resolution which they are modifying, the third number indicating the order in which
amendments were introduced.
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PREAMBULATORY & OPERATIVE CLAUSES
PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES
The first word of a preambulatory clause is underlined and capitalized, and the clause is followed by
a comma.
Acknowledging
Affirming
Alarmed by
Approving
Aware of
Bearing in mind
Believing
Concerned
Confident
Considering also
Contemplating
Convinced
Declaring
Deeply concerned
Deeply conscious
Deeply convinced
Deeply disturbed
Deeply regretting
Desiring
Determined
Emphasizing
Expecting
Expressing its appreciation
Expressing its satisfaction
Expressing its wish
Fulfilling
Fully alarmed
Fully aware
Fully believing
Further deploring
Further recalling
Guided by
Gravely concerned
Having adopted
Having considered
Having considered further
Having devoted attention
Having examined
Having heard
Having received
Having reviewed
Having studied
Keeping in mind
Noting further
Noting with approval
Noting with deep concern
Noting with regret
Noting with satisfaction
Noting with zest
Observing
Reaffirming
Realizing
Recalling
Recognizing
Referring
Reiterating
Seeking
Stressing
Taking into account
Taking into consideration
Taking note
Viewing with appreciation
Viewing with apprehension
Welcoming
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OPERATIVE CLAUSES
Operative clauses begin with an underlined and capitalized verb. New operative “paragraphs” are
indented five spaces, numbered, indented to the tenth space, and finally ended with a semicolon.
The final “paragraph” ends with a period.
Accepts
Affirms
Appeals
Approves
Authorizes
Calls
Calls upon
Commends
Condemns
Congratulates
Confirms
Considers
Decides
Declares accordingly
Demands *
Deplores
Designates
Directs
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Encourages
Endorses
Expresses its appreciation
Expresses its concern
Expresses its hope
Further endorses
Further invites
Further proclaims
Further recommends
Further reminds
Further requests
Further resolves
Has resolved
Invites
Notes
Notes with appreciation
Notes with approval
Notes with interest
Notes with satisfaction
Offers
Proclaims
Reaffirms
Recognizes
Recommends
Regrets
Reiterates
Reminds
Renews
Requests
Solemnly affirms
Strongly condemns
Supports
Takes note of
Transmits
Trusts
Urges
* Only the Security Council may “demand”.
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WORKING PAPER TEMPLATE
(HEADING)
Working Paper ____.____
_______________________________ (Committee)
Sponsors: _____________________________________________________________________
(Body)
Notes on elements of the situation, historical context, etc., which led your group to propose the
actions to follow. These can be a list, or appear in the resolution-preambulatory phrase format.**
1.
2.
3.
4.
Actions proposed based on the situation outlined above. These can be a list, or appear in the
resolution-operative clause format.**
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
*You are not limited to the numbers indicated above, nor are you required to fill each open space.
** If you are considering writing your working paper in resolution format, you may want to consider
submitting a Resolution Template, and crossing out “Resolution #.#” to substitute it with “Working
Paper #.#”.
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RESOLUTION TEMPLATE
**pay close attention to punctuation**
Resolution ___.___
_______________________________ (Committee)
_______________________________ (Topic)
Sponsors: _____________________________________________________________________
Signatories: ___________________________________________________________________
[one space, must be at least 1/5 of a committee]
_____________ (perambulatory clause) ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________, (situational context)
[one space between each]
[one space]
_______________________________________ (committee and organ)
[one space]
1. __________________ (operative clause) ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________(action to be taken):
a. __________________________________________,(when, how, why if necessary)
b. ______________________________________; (cannot have only one sub-clause)
[one space between each]
2. _________________ (operative clause) ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________;
#. _______________ (operative clause) __________________________. (Closing clause)
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TIPS FOR THE CONFERENCE
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Stay healthy. Committee sessions can be draining, it is important to eat well and get enough rest
through the duration of the Conference. The University of Connecticut’s Student Union offers a
opportune resource to conference participants, equipped with several eating establishments and a
convenience store. Please take advantage of the proximity and stay well nourished and hydrated. If
you are feeling ill, please contact a staff member ASAP.
Be alert and attentive during committee sessions. Focusing on debate is essential to understanding
other countries’ positions when it is time to write resolutions. If you need a quick break to replenish,
ask your Directors.
Speak in committee! Debate is only as successful and interesting as you make it. It is your
responsibility to participate in debate. If you feel uncomfortable speaking in public, talk to your
Directors for advice and reassurance.
Do not be embarrassed if you are confused. UCMUN is a teaching conference; we do not emphasize
competition and awards. So… ask questions! We would rather take the time to show you how to do
something correctly, than leave you lost in committee.
Accuracy and realistic representation of your country is integral to the simulation. If you are unsure
of your country’s position on a particular issue, ask your Directors for input or conduct additional
research in the Learning Center or on your own time.
Forge relationships in committee with other delegates. You will have to work together when it is time
to write resolutions.
Remember that Directors and other members of the UCMUN staff are probably getting less sleep
and food than you. So be patient with them and know they are here to help you.
In case of an emergency, the UCMUN Secretariat office has first aid available and can contact
emergency services.
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