Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______
Chapter 11.2: Fossil Fuels
1. Fossil Fuels
a. ________ formed from the remains of ____________ organisms, such
as ________, ___________________, and ______________ gas.
b. __________ fuels consist primarily of ____________________ called
___________________________.
i. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of _________ of carbon
and __________________.
1. These __________________ contain ________________
originally obtained from __________________ by plants
and animals that lived _________________ of years ago.
2. When _______________________ are burned, energy is
_______________ as heat and ________ that we can use.
2. Formation of Coal
a. ____________ is a dark colored, _____________ rock formed from
__________________ and __________________ changes of plant
material over ______________ of years.
b. ______________________ is the process by which ______________
decomposed _________ and other plants are buried in
______________ mud and transformed into ______________.
i. The process of _____________________ occurs when bacteria
______________ the plant material and release ____________
and carbon dioxide ______. When these gases _____________
the swamp, only the ______________ is left.
3. Types of Coal
a. ________ is the partial ______________________ of brownish–black
plant remains. Peat is the ________________ that all ___________ is
formed from.
b. The ____________ main types of coal are _____________________,
________________________, and _________________________.
i. ____________ is the first type of __________ formed from the
__________. As layers of __________________ cover the peat,
depleting the ______________ so decomposition can’t
continue, they cause ______________, which squeeze out the
______________ and _______, which then becomes a denser,
______________ lignite.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______
1. ___________________________ coal, also called black
____________, is generally dark brown to ___________
coal, and falls between lignite and bituminous ________.
ii. The added ________________ of more ___________________
sediments further ___________________ the lignite to form
bituminous coal, or __________ coal.
1. Bituminous __________ is the most ______________
type of coal.
iii. Where the ______________ of the earth’s crust ____________
extremely high ____________________ and ______________,
bituminous coal is changed into _______________, the hardest
of all coal.
iv. Bituminous coal and anthracite consists of _____ to ____
carbon, which makes them a great ______________ resource.
4. Petroleum and Natural Gas
a. ______________ and natural ______ are mixtures of
____________________.
i. Petroleum _____ consists of _______________ hydrocarbons.
ii. _______________ gas consists of ___________ hydrocarbons.
b. Formation of petroleum and Natural Gas
i. When ________________________ died in shallow prehistoric
___________ and ______________, their remains accumulated
on the ocean floor and lake _______________ which were then
covered and buried by ___________________.
ii. As the amount of sediments ________________, so did the
__________ and ______________ on the microorganisms. This
added __________ and pressure was enough to cause a
______________ change to form petroleum and natural gas.
5. Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits
a. Sedimentary _________ has many _______________ spaces between
the rock _________________. This allows ______________ and
gases to flow ___________ through the rock.
b. As sedimentary __________ becomes deeply ______________ under
overlying sediments, ________________ increases. This increasing
pressure causes the ___________ and ____________________ out of
the rock and up through the layers of __________________ rock until
they come to a layer of _________________________ rock.
i. This impermeable __________ of rock is called ______ rock.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______
c. The ____________, _____, and natural gas separate under the ______
rock due to their _________________. Natural gas is _____ dense,
then oil, then water.
d. Rock that _____________ can easily ___________ through is called
_____________________ rock.
e. Rock that liquids ____________ easily flow through is called
______________________ rock.
f. ____________ oil is unrefined _____ and has many uses.
g. _________________________ are chemicals derived from
_________________ and are the main component in over _________
products.
i. These products include ________________, synthetic fabrics,
________________, tars, waxes, synthetic ________________,
insecticides, chemical ____________________, detergents, and
____________________.
6. Fossil Fuel Supplies
a. Fossil _________ are a _____________________________ resource.
b. __________ is the most abundant __________ fuel in the word,
occurring on every _______________________.
i. While coal is very __________________, scientists predict that
world wide coal _____________ will only last another _______
years.
ii. However, _________________ of it are deposited in ________
countries: the ______, ____________, and _____________.
c. Scientists estimate that _____ of all the ________________ in the US
has already been __________________, however, much of the
undiscovered _____________ is thought to be under the ___________
floor along the edges of North __________________.
7. Fossil Fuels and the Environment
a. The use of any __________ fuels has an _______ on the environment.
i. Strip mining
1. __________ mining coal leaves deep _______________
where coal is __________________.
2. ____________ and _______________ that are displaced
to expose the coal are left in _______ slopes, and without
plants and topsoil to ______________ it, the exposed
land will ________________ away.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______
3. ______ rocks that are exposed during __________ can
give off acids.
a. These _________ can be carried to nearby ______
and streams causing ___________ to aquatic life.
4. Since _________ mining can be so _________________
to the environment, the US _____________________ has
place many regulations to __________________ and/or
________________ the damaging of our environment.
ii. Air Pollution
1. The ________________ of any fossil fuel ____________
pollution in the _____. While some fuels may be ______
damaging such as _______________ gas, they do still
__________________ the environment.
a. Much of this _____ pollution can contribute to
___________ rain
iii. Spills
1. Fossil fuel _____________ happen rarely, but have a
_______________ and sudden _______________ on the
environment when they do.
a. Examples include spills from _______,
________________, and ____________________.