Intro to Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?
a. Water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.
b. Water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.
c. Water evaporates at 212 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees.
d. Liquid water turns to a gas at 100 degrees and to a solid at 0 degrees.
2. A cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by
a. radiation.
c. convection.
b. conduction.
d. Both (a) and (b)
3. Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of an object’s particles.
a. mechanical
c. potential
b. kinetic
d. light
4. The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is
a. 0°C.
c. 0 K.
b. 0°F.
d. All of the above
5. Convert 500°F to degrees Celsius.
a. 260°C
c. 842°C
b. 296°C
d. 958°C
6. Convert 300 K to the Celsius scale.
a. 0°C
c. 73°C
b. 27°C
d. 573°C
7. Convert 458 K to the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature.
a. 185°F
c. 365°F
b. 237°F
d. 731°F
8. Which of the following temperatures is impossible to measure?
a. -85°F
c. -20 K
b. -50°C
d. 545°F
9. What is –175°C on the Kelvin scale?
a. 76 K
c. 98 K
b. 89 K
d. 448 K
10. The principles of atomic theory recognized today were conceived by
a. Avogadro.
c. Dalton.
b. Bohr.
d. Rutherford.
11. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its
a. atomic number.
c. mass number.
b. Avogadro number.
d. average atomic mass.
12. All atoms of the same element have the same
a. atomic mass.
c. mass number.
b. number of neutrons.
d. atomic number.
13. Atoms of the same element can differ in
a. chemical properties.
c. atomic number.
b. mass number.
d. number of protons and electrons.
14. Chlorine has atomic number 17 and mass number 35. It has
a. 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons.
b. 35 protons, 35 electrons, and 17 neutrons.
c. 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 52 neutrons.
d. 18 protons, 18 electrons, and 17 neutrons.
15. Phosphorus-33 (atomic number 15) contains
a. 33 protons.
c. 33 neutrons.
b. 18 neutrons.
d. 18 protons.
16. Neon-22 contains 12 neutrons. It also contains
a. 12 protons.
c. 22 electrons.
b. 22 protons.
d. 10 protons.
17. Valence electrons determine an atom’s
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a. mass.
c. electric charge.
b. chemical properties.
d. period.
Democritus’s original atomic theory was revised because it
a. claimed matter is made of atoms.
c. explained what electrons are.
b. claimed atoms could be divided.
d. did not have a scientific basis.
Which of these statements is not part of Dalton’s atomic theory?
a. Atoms cannot be divided.
b. Atoms of an element are alike.
c. Atoms are made of electrons.
d. Atoms of different elements form compounds.
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge is called a(n)
a. molecule.
c. element.
b. electron.
d. compound.
Thomson made his discovery about the atom during an experiment using
a. thermal energy.
c. cathode rays
b. kinetic energy.
d. X rays.
Thomson is responsible for discovering that an atom contains
a. electrons.
c. anodes.
b. molecules.
d. a nucleus.
What is an atom’s nucleus made of?
a. protons and neutrons
c. only neutrons
b. only protons
d. anodes
_____ does not involve the movement of matter.
a. Conduction
c. Heat
b. Radiation
d. Convection
According to the law of conservation of mass, when sodium, hydrogen, and oxygen react to form a compound, the mass of the
compound is ____ the sum of the masses of the individual elements.
a. equal to
c. less than
b. greater than
d. either greater than or less than
In a glass tube attached to a voltage source, electrical current passes from the negative electrode, called the ____, to the other
electrode.
a. cathode
c. electron
b. anode
d. millikan
Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the
a. proton.
c. neutron.
b. nucleus.
d. electron.
A positively charged particle with mass 1.673  10–24 g is a(n)
a. proton.
c. electron.
b. neutron.
d. positron.
A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n)
a. nuclide.
c. electron.
b. neutron.
d. isotope.
Protons within a nucleus are attracted to each other by
a. the nuclear force.
c. their energy levels.
b. opposite charges.
d. electron repulsion.
An atom is electrically neutral because
a. neutrons balance the protons and electrons.
b. nuclear forces stabilize the charges.
c. the numbers of protons and electrons are equal.
d. the numbers of protons and neutrons are equal.
Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the
a. nucleus.
c. electrons.
b. nuclides.
d. protons.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different
a. principal chemical properties.
c. numbers of protons.
b. masses.
d. numbers of electrons.
The average atomic mass of an element
a. is the mass of the most abundant isotope.
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b. may not equal the mass of any of its isotopes.
c. cannot be calculated.
d. always adds up to 100.
An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is
a. 13.
c. 27.
b. 14.
d. 40.
Chlorine has atomic number 17 and mass number 35. It has
a. 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons.
b. 35 protons, 35 electrons, and 17 neutrons.
c. 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 52 neutrons.
d. 18 protons, 18 electrons, and 17 neutrons.
Carbon-14 (atomic number 6), the radioactive nuclide used in dating fossils, has
a. 6 neutrons.
c. 10 neutrons.
b. 8 neutrons.
d. 14 neutrons.
Phosphorus-33 (atomic number 15) contains
a. 33 protons.
c. 33 neutrons.
b. 18 neutrons.
d. 18 protons.
Completion
Complete each statement.
39. The movement of a gas or liquid due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences within the fluid is called a
______________________________.
40. The amount of heat energy transferred that will raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K is called
_________________________.
41. The energy transferred between the particles of two objects because of the temperature difference between the two objects is called
____________________.
42. The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures is called ____________________.
43. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ____________________.
44. A(n) ____________________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat.
45. ____________________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object.
46. _________________________ is the temperature at which an object’s energy is minimal.
47. ____________________ transfers heat energy between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact.
48. A(n) ____________________ is a material that is a poor energy conductor.
49. Radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of ___________________________________
50. Sound is not made of matter because it has no ____________________.
51. A substance that is made of atoms of more than one type chemically bound together is called a(n) ____________________.
52. When two or more pure substances are blended together, the result is a(n) ____________________.
53. A ____________________ property describes how a substance acts when it reacts with other substances.
54. The smallest particle of oxygen that behaves like oxygen is an oxygen ____________________.
55. A mixture of flour and water is called a(n) _________________________ mixture because the substances do not dissolve.
56. The ____________________ of a substance is defined as its mass divided by its volume.
57. A ____________________ description of a scientific law would use a mathematical equation.
58. The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is made of particles whose speed is dependent on their
______________________________.
59. The law of conservation of mass states that _____________________________________________.
60. The kinetic theory states that the particles in matter are always in ____________________.
61. As gas particles bounce around and collide, they spread to ___________________________________.
62. For any change of state to occur, ____________________ must be transferred.
63. Ice cubes left in the freezer for several months will become smaller because of ____________________.
64. A liquid has a definite volume, but no definite ____________________.
65. A region in which there is a high probability of finding an electron is called a(n) ____________________.
66. An atom gains energy by absorbing a light particle called a(n) ____________________.
67. Thomson’s cathode-ray tube experiment supported the theory that ____________________ exist inside an atom.
68. Rutherford’s gold-foil experiment revealed that an atom’s positive charge is concentrated in the atom’s ____________________.
Short Answer
69. Explain why changes of state are physical changes.
70. List four clues that suggest a chemical change is taking place, and provide an example for each.
71. List the six changes of state.
72. Calculate the density of a sample of gas with a mass of 30 g and volume of 7500 cm3.
73. Calculate the density of a sample of liquid with a volume of 130 ml and a mass of 585 g.
74. Calculate the mass of a solid with a density of 14.2 g/cm3 and volume of 350 cm3.
75. Calculate the volume of a solid with a density of 5.3 g/cm3 and a mass of 371 g.
Intro to Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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COMPLETION
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convection current
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specific heat
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heat
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convection
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insulator
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electromagnetic waves
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mass
volume
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compound
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atom
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heterogeneous
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density
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quantitative
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mass and temperature
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mass can be neither created nor destroyed
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motion
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fill all available space
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energy
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SHORT ANSWER
69. ANS:
Melting, boiling or freezing a substance doesn’t affect its chemical properties.
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70. ANS:
Possible answers: heat, sound, or gas production, and odor or color change. Examples include burning wood, cooking food, and
clothing losing color after being bleached.
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melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation
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72. ANS:
0.004 g/cm3
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4.5 g/ml
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74. ANS:
4990 g
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70 g/cm3
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