COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
URIN 313 Block
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and the requirements to achieve the ILO’s
First Semester
1436-1437 [2015-2016]
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URIN 313 Block (Week 1)
The intended learning outcomes
Requirements to achieve the ILOs
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Describe the normal site, size, shape & position of the kidney.

Identify the borders, poles and surfaces of the kidney.

Delineate the surface anatomy of the kidney.

Discuss the structures passing through the hilum of the kidney
in order.

Discuss the peritoneal covering and relations of the two
kidneys.

Describe the Gross anatomy of the kidney and ureter.

Discuss the Gross anatomy of urinary bladder, and
urethra.

Describe the fascia surrounding the kidney.

Discuss the blood and nerve supply of the kidney.

Describe the kidney segmentation.

Discuss the lymphatic drainage of the kidney.
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Describe the beginning, termination and parts of the ureter.

Compare between the course and relations of both
abdominal & pelvic ureter.

Delineate the surface anatomy of abdominal ureter.

Discuss blood and nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage of
ureter.
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Discuss the normal sites of the ureteric constrictions.
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Describe the normal site, size, shape, and position of urinary
bladder.

Delineate the borders and surfaces of urinary bladder.

Discuss the blood and nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage of
urinary bladder.

Describe the normal site, shape and length of male and
female urethra.

Discuss urethra relations, blood and nerve supply, and their
lymphatic drainage.

Describe the microscopic structure of urinary system.

Describe the sphincters of urethra.

Explain the microscopic anatomy of the kidney.

Differentiate between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Define juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Discuss the microscopic anatomy of ureter.

Describe the microscopic anatomy of urinary bladder.

Differentiate between the contracted and stretched mucosa of
the urinary bladder.

Correlate the structure of the nephron with its
function.

Differentiate between the prostatic and penile urethra.

Enlist the general functions of the kidney

Identify the different parts of nephron
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
Describe in sequence the tubular segments through which
ultrafiltrate flows after it is formed at Bowman’s capsule

Identify each structure as being located in the renal cortex or
renal medulla.

Compare Cortical with Juxtamedullary nephron

Correlate the structure of nephron with functions

Describe in sequence the blood vessels through which blood
flows when passing from the renal artery to the renal vein

Describe the three layers comprising the glomerular filtration
barrier

Describe juxtamedullary apparatus and its function

Understand various metabolic functions of the kidney.

Identify the sources of energy supply of the kidneys during fed
and fasting status.


Recognize the metabolic functions of kidney and its
role in water and electrolyte imbalance, and vitamin D
activation.
Describe the metabolic roles of the kidney in carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins metabolism with reference to clinical
implications.

Recognize the hormonal roles of the kidney as regards
activation of vitamin D & production of erythropoietin with
reference to clinical implications.

Explain some aspects of the role of the kidney in water and
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electrolyte imbalance with reference to clinical implications.

Detect the structural & functional peculiarities of the
glomerular filtration membrane

Given capillary and Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic and oncotic
pressures calculate the net filtration pressure.

Correlate between net filtration pressure along glomerulus and
plasma flow


Identify three basic processes involved in urine
formation; glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption
and tubular secretion.
Explains the process of reabsorption and secretion.

Describe the composition of the glomerular filtrate

Define GFR and quote normal value in men and women

Outline the factors controlling GFR

List the characteristics that a compound must have before it
can be used for measuring GFR e.g. Inulin, creatinine etc.

Given the data, calculate GFR .

Define tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion,& excretion

Explains the process of reabsorption and secretion with
example of glucose ,urea, PAH

Explain the concept of tubular maximum and renal threshold
for Glucose.
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URIN 313 Block (Week 2)
The intended learning outcomes
Aims and Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Describe the overall handling of Na+ by nephron.

Discriminate the mechanism of reabsorption of Na+ in different
parts of nephron


Outlines the overall handling of sodium by different
parts of nephron.
Illustrate the renal mechanism of regulation of Na+
balance with emphasis on effect of diuretics.

Describe the tubular reabsorption of water

Explain the concept of tubule glomerular feedback and
glomerulo tubular balance

Discuss how various drugs affect the reabsorption of sodium
(Diuretics).

Illustrate the renal mechanism of regulation of Na+
excretion.(effect of sympathetic , ANP, Starlings forces,& reninangiotensin-aldosterone mechanism )
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
Describe the development of kidney, and its
congenital anomalies.
Discuss the development of bladder, ureter, and
urethra, and their congenital anomalies.

Describe the development of kidney.

Discuss the congenital anomalies of kidney.

Describe the development of urinary bladder, ureter, and
urethra.

Discuss the congenital anomalies of urinary bladder, ureter, and
urethra.
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
Classify glomerular diseases.

Discuss the Pathophysiology of minimal change glomerular
disease.


Define Glomerulonephritis and its relation with PostStreptococcal infectious diseases.
Know the clinical presentation and Pathophysiology
of minimal change glomerular disease.

Recognize the clinical presentation of minimal change
glomerular disease.

Discuss the Pathophysiology of post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.

Recognize the clinical manifestations post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.

Discuss amino acids metabolism and the inborn
errors associated with defect in their metabolism.

Understand the concept of nephritic syndrome.

Recall some aspects of amino acids metabolism.

Explain the genetic, biochemical and clinical impacts of inborn
error of metabolism of some amino acids.
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Know imaging modalities utilized in renal system,
and its limitation, indication and contraindication.
Understand the normal anatomy and common
variation on x-ray KUB and normal IVU film series.

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Introduce the students to imaging modalities used in renal
system.
Discuss normal anatomy of kidneys, ureter and bladder on plane
x-ray KUB and contrast films in IVU series.
Discuss the safety principles of radiation.
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URIN 313 Block (Week 3)
The intended learning outcomes
Aims and Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Define renal blood flow, renal plasma flow and filtration fraction

Describe the relative resistances of the afferent and efferent
arterioles and the effects on renal blood flow and GFR of
selective changes in each.


Correlate the Renal plasma clearance with total renal
blood flow.
Measure plasma clearance, and determine the GFR
depending on the clearance principles for inulin and
creatinine.

Outlines the factors affecting the renal blood flow

Describe the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback
mechanisms that mediate the autoregulation of renal plasma
flow and glomerular filtration rate.

Describe the concept of renal plasma clearance

Use the formula for measuring renal clearance

Use clearance principles for inulin, creatinine etc. for
determination of GFR


Define cystitis and pyelonephritis.
Identify the pathological features of cystitis and
pyelonephritis.

Describe glucose and urea clearance

Use PAH clearance for measuring renal blood flow

Given the data , calculate filtration fraction (FF)

Recognize the different types of cystitis.

Understand the clinical presentation of cystitis.
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
Recognize the causes of pyelonephritis.

Identify the gross and microscopic picture of the two types of
pyelonephritis.

Identify the complications of pyelonephritis.

Define infective nephritis.

Enlist the types of infective nephritis.

Identify the microbial pathogenesis and port of entry for each
type of infective nephritis.

Recognize infective and non-infective nephritis
considering the causative agents, pathogenesis, role
of immunity, and laboratory investigation.

Define non-infective nephritis.

Know the role of microbial exotoxin in establishment of
autoimmune nephritis.

Enlist the causative agents of both types of nephritis.

Know the laboratory investigations required for diagnosis of
urinary tract infection.

Define some microbial virulence factors that are associated with
pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.

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
Identify kidney function tests and its relationship
with glomerular and tubular function of kidney.
Define the clinical significance of renal function tests
in differential diagnosis of renal diseases.
Overview of kidney functions and categories of various renal
diseases with strategies of approach to diagnosis.

Recognize the indications for performing kidney function tests
in diagnosis of renal diseases.

Understand the classification of kidney functions with reference
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to clinical implications.

Explain the biochemical and clinical aspects of clearance tests as
tests of the glomerular functions of the kidney.

Illustrate the clinical indications of utilizing of serum creatinine
and creatinine clearance as tests for the glomerular functions of
the kidney.

Recall the biochemical and clinical aspects of proteinuria in
diagnosis of various renal diseases.

Define the pathological feature of different types of
renal tumor and their effect on kidney structure and
function.

Enlist the classification of renal tumors.

Recognize pathological features of renal cortical adenoma.

Recognize the pathological features of renal oncocytoma.

List and differentiate between the different types of renal cell
carcinoma.


Appraise the role of loop of Henle in concentration
and dilution of urine. (counter-current multiplier
system ).
Define the micturition reflex.

Understand the pathological features of wilms tumor.

Identify countercurrent multiplier and countercurrent
exchange systems in concentrating and diluting urine

Explain changes in osmolarity of tubular fluid in the various
segments of the loop of Henle when concentrated urine is being
produced.

Describe the factors that determine the ability of loop of Henle
to create osmotic medullary gradient
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
Differentiate between water diuresis and osmotic diuresis

Identify the tubular section and cellular mechanism by which
ADH increases permeability to water and urea. Describe the role
of these changes on the ability of the kidney to produce either a
dilute or a concentrated urine.

Distinguish between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
based on plasma ADH levels and the response to an injection of
ADH.

Discuss the micturition reflex.
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URIN 313 Block (Week 4)
The intended learning outcomes
Aims and Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
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Define urinary bladder carcinoma, and the risk
factors related to occurrence of bladder cancer.
Know the clinical investigations required for
diagnosis of this type of malignancy.
Know the causes of urinary obstruction.
Identify the types of urinary calculi.
Describe the effect of renal stones on the urinary
system considering clinical picture and complications.
Define lower urinary tract infection.
Identify the significant bacteriuria according to
pathogenic dose calculation.
Classify Schistosoma according to phylum and
morphology.
Describe the pathogenesis of urinary bilharziasis.
Evaluate the clinical significance of urine culture and
examination in diagnosis of different types of urinary
Understand the risk factors associated with occurrence of
bladder carcinoma

Recognize the clinical presentation of bladder carcinoma.

Enlist the investigative methods for bladder carcinoma.

Understand the pathological features of bladder carcinoma.

Recognize the complications of bladder carcinoma.

Enlist the causes of urinary tract obstruction.

Recognize the types of urinary calculi.

Understand the complications of urinary calculi.

Recognize the morphological features of hydronephrosis.

Recognize the morphological features of pyonephrosis.

Enlist the most common causes of lower urinary tract infection.

Classify urethritis according to causative agents.

Differentiate between causative agents of urinary tract infection
according to microbiologic aspects.

Define significant bacteriuria according to pathogenic dose
calculations.
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tract infection.

Describe the pathogenesis of Schistosoma hematobium, port of
entry, life cycle and complications of urinary bilharziasis.
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
Enlist the physical, biochemical, and microscopic
properties of urine
Evaluate the clinical significance of urine examination
in diagnosis of different renal diseases

Explaining categories of urine analysis.

Understanding the clinical significance of physical examination
of the kidney.

Recognizing the normal chemical constituents of the kidney.

Identifying the clinical implications of pathological chemical
constituents of the urine on diagnosis of various renal and
systemic diseases.

Enlist underlying pathologic conditions that may contribute to
the development of excess fluid volume in the body.
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Enumerate which electrolytes may be altered by
diuretic therapy, and the site of action of diuretics.
Describe the renal actions of diuretics.
Describe the clinically important drug interactions,
and the main contraindications of diuretics.

Enlist the sites of action of diuretics.

Describe the renal actions, the different classes, the routes of
administration and the elimination processes of
diuretics.(maximum urine output, changes in urine ion
concentration, etc.).

Describe the main extra renal actions of diuretics.

Describe the routes of administration and the elimination
processes of diuretics.

Identify the clinically important drug interactions of diuretics.

Recognize the main contraindications of diuretics.
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
Explains the mechanism of reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion
of H+ by nephron
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
Describe the respiratory and renal regulation of the
CO2/HCO3 buffer system, with maintenance of the
normal plasma pH of 7.4.
Appraise the concept of respiratory and renal
compensation in Acid- base disorders.
Describe the adjustments in filtered load and HCO3 reabsorption
(H+ secretion) by alterations in systemic acid-base balance.

Describe net acid excretion by the kidneys, treatable acid, the
importance of urinary buffers, and the production and excretion
of ammonium.

Identify the normal range of pH values, and the upper and lower
limits compatible with life.

Identify the role of kidney in regulation of acid base balance.
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