Bibliography for Session on Qualitative Research
Bridget O’Brien, PhD and Arianne Teherani, PhD
UCSF School of Medicine
Overview & Appraisal of Qualitative Research:
1. Pope C & Mays N. Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introduction to qualitative
methods in health and health services research. BMJ 311:42-5, 1995.
2. Cote L. & Turgeon J. Appraising qualitative research articles in medicine and medical education.
Medical Teacher 2005, 27: 71-75.
3. Lingard LA, Kennedy TJ. Qualitative research in medical education. Edinburgh: Association for the
Study of Medical Education; 2007.
4. Bordage G. Moving the field forward: Going beyond quantitative-qualitative. Academic Medicine 2007,
82: S126-8.
5. Inui T. & Frankel R. Evaluating the quality of qualitative research: A proposal pro tem. Journal of
General Internal Medicine 1991, 6: 485-6.
6. Mays N & Pope C. Rigour and qualitative research. BMJ 1995, 311:109-12.
7. Malterud K. Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. The Lancet 2001, 358:483488.
8. Harris I. Qualitative Methods. In: Norman G, van der Vleuten CPM, Newble D, eds. International
Handbook of Research in Medical Education. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2002:45-96.
9. Cochrane Group on Qualitative Methods. Chapter 6 - Critical appraisal of qualitative research. 2009.
(Accessed December 22, 2009, at
http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au/cqrmg/documents/Cochrane_Guidance/Chapter6_Guidance_Critical_
Appraisal.pdf.)
10. Schifferdecker KE & Reed V. Using mixed methods for research in medical education. Medical
Education 2009, 43: 637-44.
11. Bunniss S & Kelley DR. Research paradigms in medical education research. Medical Education 2010,
44: 358-66.
Examples:
1. Lingard L, Garwood S, Poenaru D. Tensions influencing operating room team function: does
institutional context make a difference? Medical Education, 2004, 38: 391-9.
2. Dyrbye L, Harris I, Rohren C. Early clinical experiences from students’ perspectives: A qualitative
study of narratives. 2007, 82: 979-988.
3. Westerman M, Teunissen P, van der Vleuten C et al. Understanding the Transition From Resident to
Attending Physician: A Transdisciplinary, Qualitative Study. Academic Medicine 2010, 85: 1914-9.
Data Collection & Analysis
Interviews
1. Britten, N. Qualitative interviews in medical research. BMJ 1995: 311, 251-3.
2. DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B.F. The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 2006:
40(4), 314-321.
Example:
Marshall MN et al. Managing change in the culture of general practice: qualitative case studies in primary
care trusts. BMJ 327:599-602, 2003.
Focus Groups
1. Barbour, R.S. Making sense of focus groups. Medical Education, 2005: 39(7), 742-750.
2. Freeman T. 'Best practice' in focus group research: making sense of different views. Journal of
Advanced Nursing 2006;56(5):491-7.
3. Reeves S, Lewin S and Zwarenstein M. Using qualitative interviews within medical education
research: Why we must raise the ‘quality bar’. Med Educ. 40: 291-2, 2006.
4. Rubin HJ, Rubin IS. Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data. Los Angeles, CA: Sage
Publishing.
Example:
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Gallagher TH et al. Patients’ and physicians’ attitudes regarding the disclosure of medical errors. JAMA
2003: 289(8):1001-1007.
Observational Methods
1. Pope C & Mays N. Observational methods in health care settings. BMJ 1995: 311, 182-4.
Example:
Zayas, LE et al. Exploring instructional quality indicators in ambulatory medical settings: an ethnographic
approach. Family Medicine 1999: 31(9), 635-649.
Documents, Audiovisual materials
Examples
1. DuBois, J.M. and J. Burkemper, Ethics Education in U.S. Medical Schools: A Study of Syllabi. Acad
Med, 2002: 77(5), 432-437.
2. Teherani, A., et al., Domains of Unprofessional Behavior During Medical School Associated with
Future Disciplinary Action by State Medical Board. Academic Medicine, 2005: 80(10), S17-S20.
3. Garrison D, Lyness JM, Frank JB, Epstein RM. Analysis of Medical Student Impressions of a
Narrative Exercise in the Third-Year Psychiatry Clerkship. Academic Medicine 2010, E-Pub Ahead of
Print.
Additional Recommended Resources for Designing Qualitative Research and Analyzing
Qualitative Data:
1. Maxwell, J.A. (1996) Qualitative Research Design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
2. Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for
Developing Grounded Theory 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
3. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
4. Creswell, J.W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, & Mixed Methods Approaches. 2nd
Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. Denizen, N. & Lincoln, Y. (2005) Handbook of Qualitative Research. 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
6. Thomas, D. R. (2006). A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data.
American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237-246.
7. Miles MB, Huberman AM (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis: An expanded sourcebook. 2 nd Edition.
Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
8. Ryan GW, Bernard HR. (2010) Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. Thousand Oaks:
Sage Publications.
9. Bowen GA. (2006) Grounded theory and sensitizing concepts. International Journal of Qualitative
Methods; 5 (3) Retrieved [May 7, 2012] from
http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/5_3/pdf/bowen.pdf
10. Boyatzis, R.E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code
development. Thousand Oaks, London, & New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
11. Morse, J. M., & Field, P. A. (1995). Qualitative research methods for health professionals. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Maxwell JA. (2010) Using numbers in qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry. 16(6): 475-482.
13. Krippendorff (2004) Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. 2 nd Edition. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.
14. Hsieh H, Shannon S. (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health
Research. 15(9): 1277-1288.
15. Braun V & Clarke V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in
Psychology. 3(2): 77-101.
Helpful Websites:
http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=qualitative&pageid=icb.page350520
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